Li Xueqian | Physics is a culture

(Picture source: pixabay)

Physics is science and science about nature. There seems to be no doubt about this definition, which is the clearest concept that is generally accepted. The physics sages such as Galileo and Newton have pushed physics to their forefront of human understanding of nature in their time. Almost all the natural phenomena that humans were concerned at that time were explained. Application has made an unparalleled contribution to society, and also laid the foundation for the development of physics later. Since Newton introduced calculus into physics, physics has surpassed other disciplines and has become the most reasonable science understanding in nature. In fact, physics must not only understand nature, but also let nature benefit human beings. Especially in recent years, in basic research and extensive application, we clearly see that physics has surpassed human intuitive thinking methods, and has become cutting -edge science in logic and innovation.

However, it is not enough to limit physics to a specialized academic field.

Many years ago, Academician Hao Berlin gave a speech (perhaps many times, but the author only heard it once) pointed out: "Physics is a culture"! This sublimates our understanding of physics to a new level.

This sentence is very shocking for me! I have been engaged in physics teaching and scientific research for many years, and I feel that physics has some deep things in addition to its science. Mr. Hao's words are really like the top, deafening, opening the new world I know about physics!

What is "culture" and what is his exact definition? I read an article on the Internet that the author of this article gives a clear definition: "What is culture? It is the soul of a country and a nation. Cultural self -confidence is the most basic, most long -lasting, and most long -lasting development of a nation and a nation. the power of."

Can we make physics so high? I think the answer is yes. Let us analyze in this short article, why physics is indeed a culture!

1 Physics is a culture

Many sages have paid great attention to this issue. For example, Mr. Chen Jia'er made related discussions in the article "Physics and Culture" published in the 2005 Physics Report [1]. We will continue to explain this interesting topic in this article.

Mu Liangzhu of Peking University discusses all aspects of physics research on the title of "what is physics and physics and culture". He pointed out that "physicists believe in the world in the world" Science [2]. Although this view is a bit extreme, it expresses a tendency of physicists.

Recently, Professor Plateau Ning Ning, Dean of the School of Physics at Peking University gave students a wonderful speech "What is physics" [3], explaining how a physicist cognates physics and physics.

In this article, the author has been engaged in the experience of physics teaching and scientific research for many years, and talked about how I cognitive physics and physics. The basic point of view is that physics is not only a natural science. It has sublimated to guidance to explore nature, and even handle life, and benefit the society's all -round "culture".

College physics teaching is not aimed at only to cultivate high -end elites engaged in physics research or physics teaching in the future, but to cultivate talents contributed to the country and society regardless of their profession.

Chinese traditional culture is the Confucian and Meng culture, and its core is "self -denial". Specifically, they are loyal to the motherland, loyal to the people, respect their parents, love all friends, help the weak, restrain their behavior, consciously contribute to all humans to all human beings , Build our country into a beautiful paradise.

Our descendants are infiltrated in the Confucian and Mencius culture, and all the virtues of our nation also come from this, at least part of this. I didn't realize that Confucius culture was so deeply buried in the deepest part of our soul. Moreover, culture is not completely trained through learning and reading. It infiltrates from various channels into our thinking system by subtly.

It is a bit strange. Many young children born abroad (of course, authentic Chinese blood) have never read Confucius' books, but they still follow the teachings of Confucius and Mencius under the influence of family and Chinese society. Family, respecting tradition. Therefore, I think, as a culture, as for the minds of Huaxia's descendants, it is also substantially reflected in their actions. This is the power of culture!

Why is physics a culture? Physics is not only knowledge but also a way of thinking, a culture. This is because the soul of the Confucius and Mencius culture infiltrate the descendants of Huaxia, the thoughts of physics have penetrated into the soul of each physicist and instruct him or her position and method in any work and thinking. You may not feel its existence, and consciously or unconsciously follow the laws of physics to think; even those who have studied physics (studying and thinking carefully, rather than perfunctory), even middle school students, even middle school students They will accept the influence of physics and culture. They may no longer receive physical teaching in their subsequent life, no longer remember the physical formulas they have learned, and maybe even F = MA no longer remembers, but this way of thinking is maintained and benefited from eternal life.

Especially when they are under the guidance of the teacher, they independently complete some physical "research" work, and the harvest will be even greater.

The author once talked to a Australian middle school teacher. He told me that he had told some students to do physical "research" experiments. Although it was the first level and simple, it may be worthless for our college physics teachers, but he asked for Students find their own reference books, design the experimental plan by themselves (of course, the help and suggestions of the instructor are constantly getting the instructor), choose the appropriate instrument and consumables themselves, and finally (a group composed of several students) to complete the experiment independently, and make error analysis and analysis and analysis and analysis and analysis of errors. came to a conclusion. Although this is a very simple job, it is indeed the prototype of a complete scientific research. In the end, the teacher concluded: You (referring to the students who do work) may have forgotten the specific details of all formulas and concepts I taught you in the future, and even forgot to me, but today you can use your own efforts to complete the experiments. Drops, including concepts, methods and operations, are unforgettable for life. Physics is through the teacher's telling, reading textbooks and other reference books, and then gradually infiltrated into the minds of each student by doing homework, gradually becoming a certain part of thinking. Benefiting for life.

Just as the Confucian and Mencius culture has both the "good nature of man" and the relevant knowledge (Chinese, politics, philosophy, and science) obtained through learning, the physics culture also affects us through two different channels. One is that humans are inherently awe and curiosity about nature (this is congenital, and animals do not have such curiosity), and the second is to pass the acquired learning and thinking. The education of the day after tomorrow is a key issue. We have to discuss this afterwards.

Anyone who has learned physics will change more or less about the world's things. The characteristic is that for the phenomenon of nature or the general phenomenon of nature or social activities. that kind of. Want to ask the bottom, and the exploration is natural. Of course, you can also say that people who have never been exposed to physics will also ask if it is exactly, how can it be inspired by physics? Well, this is the simple physics, and it is also this simple physics that will begin to bring the primitive people of the tool to the high civilization of human beings today. Labor needs physics, and further research has been further studied and promoted the development of physics.

The law of physics is unchanged, but physics is developing forward. The development of physics has brought about our perception of nature and the material civilization that we enjoy. Far far away. The civilization that it has reached now may make the human beings laugh at a hundred years later, and physics does develop at high speed. As for whether there is the theory of Homeries, such as Hawking, it is a question without answers. Even if there is, we are far away from it.

2 The relationship between physics and objective laws in nature

Physics is a science and sublimation into a specific culture. Science is the mysteries directly exploring the mysteries of nature, and culture is to guide physicists how to explore the laws of nature, summarize it into "theory", and how to continue to deepen or even apply it for human beings.

Of course, we must first understand the objective laws correctly. This is not simple. Nature is in front of you, but whether it can recognize its phenomenon and correctly summarize, and summarizing the law is by no means a "simple" thing that everyone can do. After observing the orbit of many stars and planets, Digu accumulated a lot of data, but it was just data, not regular. Only when Capeller summarized the Cairfler San Ding's law based on the data accumulated by his teacher, those complicated and fascinating "numbers" became "laws". And Newton has refined from these three rules to refine the deeper "principles" of governing their movements. This is the law of gravity we are familiar with today. It is not a natural thing to get this law. You have to tell you some mysteries. You have to make huge efforts and the time span may be long. Why can Newton (maybe Huke) can discover this law instead of other researchers? This shows that Newton's guiding ideology is to surpass the other people who have been with him at the physical culture. Of course, this is also related to his mathematical achievements (mentioned below).

Too know, Bai Qiao, culture is by no means just restraining in a local area. Physics is an objective law of understanding nature, and physical culture can be applied to other fields in addition to handling nature. Li Bin is a graduate of the Department of Physics of Nankai University. Later, he obtained a doctorate in the United States. He started his own business and achieved very good results. I invited him to give a academic lecture to the students of Nankai Physics Department. On this basis, he was based on himself. The experience of writing an article is published in modern physics knowledge. The title of the article is "starting from Newton's stock", [4] specifically reflects the process of sublimation from pure natural science to cultural spirit.

The cultural spirit is also manifested in the consciousness of serving human society. At the last moment of his life, the well -known physicist Ferman overcame the pain caused by cancer to him. As an expert, he participated in a special group formed by the NASA for the failure of the challenger aerospace aircraft. He used his keen observation and analysis ability and excellent physical knowledge to discover the failure of the challenger's failure was caused by an invalidation of a sealing ring at the low temperature of the universe space. This discovery provides the most valuable experience for the safety of the universe. Our senior physicists have made immortal contributions to my country's defense industry in the development of two bombs and one star. They use their professional knowledge to laid the foundation of China as the world's power. Regardless of fame and fortune, hard work, fully reflect the spirit of contributing to the country with their own outstanding professional knowledge. example. 3 Physics and Culture and Mathematics Culture [5]

Physics and mathematics are the two strange things in the scientific community and the two brothers who promote each other. The difference is that physics is a logical science about the science of nature and mathematics. The objects of their research are different, but once they intersect, huge breakthroughs may occur. There are many examples in history. Let's give a few of the well -known particles: Newton introduces calculus into mechanics, and from then on, mechanics is no longer a simple description of the phenomenon and becoming a science that can accurately calculate and make accurate predictions. It is a general theory of studying black holes, cosmic evolution, and large celestial behaviors today; the linear algebra of Heisenburg has established a matrix mechanics of quantum mechanics neutralization and volatility. Mr. Chen Soyan said that at present, there are only 10%of mathematics and physics. It is true that we must be able to achieve the height of the masters. We not only have good physical training, knowledge accumulation, but also master very complicated mathematical knowledge. Decades ago, mathematical physical methods (the problem of differential differential equations and this value) are still very esoteric, but today it is the basic course of the university. We have a lot of physical problems (theoretical) today, which cannot be solved. To a large extent, it is not enough for us to master mathematics.

Take another example of everyone: We use Newtonian mechanics (the same problem also have the same problem) can solve the two problems well, as long as we know what interaction between them is. But to this day, we still cannot find the general solution of the three -body problem. Just adding a component, our math knowledge is not enough. For the four bodies, the five bodies, etc. (we call the young body problem), it is even more incompetent. That's why we still can't really understand the role of atoms today, as well as the role of atomic nucleus in the nuclear and the nucleus, and the lack of mathematical knowledge has hindered our deep understanding of the material structure.

In fact, we will only calculate some physical quantities by step by step today. This is obviously not the ultimate solution. We expect that the calculation error is getting smaller and smaller, approaching the real value, but no one can guarantee that this is the case. Why can't we get accurate solution directly? Maybe a certain mathematician needs to help us solve it. It is said that Witten and others have made great achievements in this regard, but they are far away from our expectations.

However, it is interesting that if we are dealing with so many particles of 1023, we can use statistical mechanics to perfectly solve it, thanks to a great physicist Bolzman. At this time, we do not need the exact information about any individual, but only need to make a perfect explanation of a large number of particles as a whole. Statistics are now widely used in physics. Of course, statistical is an important branch of mathematics, not for physics, but in the hands of physicists, it has become a bridge between the macro world and the micro -world, which is the source of many macro effects. This understanding is mathematics and One of the perfect combination of physics.

We believe that mathematical culture and physics culture are constantly colliding and integrating, and it will definitely exceed 10% of Mr. Chen Soozon in the future, and it will produce greater progress in science.

The author's conjecture is likely to be ridiculous: the accumulation cannot achieve a breakthrough. We look forward to a young genius to achieve a leap from the principles or methods we don't know so far. In history, Abel created group theory, thereby solving the mathematical problem that the five equations did not analyze. If we follow the existing theory, it may never be a real breakthrough.

I hope to be young and aspiring genius (maybe I am wrong)!

4 Basic Physics and Application Physics

Physics is a culture, which is not limited to the exploration of the basic laws of nature, but to include the use of these known laws to benefit human beings and contribute to human civilization. The example of basic physics knowledge that has been understood in the creation is endless, but in order to highlight the effect, let us use several examples to explain the profound meaning of this "culture". Last century, Maxwell theory predicted the existence of electromagnetic waves. Later, Herz generated electromagnetic waves in the laboratory, but at that time he thought that the weak effect may only have the theoretical significance. Of course, we know today that there is no application of electromagnetic waves, television, mobile phones, or the Internet cannot be talked about. Quantum mechanics was born at the end of the 19th century. Today, the storage capacity of the computer relies on quantum mechanics. The quantum communication satellite "Mozi" created a new field that used the concept of entanglement of quantum mechanics in safe communication; relativity pointed out the principle of fundamental relationships and mutual conversion of energy and quality. Of course, this is also based on the principle of making atomic bullets and hydrogen bombs). Today, people are studying how to use the basic principles of physics (nuclear physics and quantum field theory) to deal with nuclear waste. Also, the controlling nuclear fusion is another branch. Once these studies are successful, peaceful use of atoms can make us endless clean energy. However, it is precisely because our understanding of the laws of physics is not deep enough and the technical level is not high enough. It has not been able to achieve controlling nuclear fusion, and the road of exploration in front of us is still long. Besides, a thing that everyone is familiar with. If you want to ask the "old man" about 50 years old this year, they will tell you 30 years ago, a roll of color rolls for more than 30 yuan (the monthly salary at that time was 100 yuan), and after shooting Go to rush and wash (chemical method), which requires about 30 yuan. If you want to zoom in (about a quarter of A paper), it costs at least 5 ~ 10 yuan each, wow, 36 photos cost 70 yuan, which exceeds it more than exceeded, and exceeds that it exceeds it. Half a month's salary also caused severe heavy metal pollution. Now you can use a SLR camera to shoot the scenery and characters you want unlimitedly. The pixels cannot be achieved in the past. If you are satisfied, you can store it in the U disk and then turn to the computer. If you are not satisfied, you only need to remove your fingers. All this is zero -cost. You do n’t need to turn a penny. Furthermore, with the popularity and quality of mobile phones, the quality of the photos taken with mobile phones can be beautiful with the past advanced cameras. All of this should be attributed to the progress of application physics.

The progress of physics has promoted civilization.

5 The development of physics and the advancement of technology

This is a relationship of mutual dependence and promoting each other. The development of physics is inseparable from technical support. Without CERN's large accelerator LHC's successful operation, the so -called God particles "Higgs" cannot be found. To explore the mystery of nature, human beings must build a large telescope, create artificial satellites to detect anti -substances (such as AMS), create spacecraft to detect the back of the moon, detect gravitational waves, and build large accelerators with higher energy than LHC to explore the standard model beyond the standard model New physics, and so on. It is precisely because of the emergence of various new technologies that these large devices are possible.

The ring -shaped positive and negative electronic collision (CEPC) proposed by our country will run in the sum of energy than Higgs quality and the sum of the quality of Z particles. Reach 5% accuracy). CEPC's perimeter will be 100 kilometers, using large superconducting magnets and various new technologies. On this basis, it can be improved to SPPC (super large proton collision), which can increase energy to 100TEV (many times the LHC energy 14TEV). Such high energy is human exploration of new physics, such as finding ultra -symmetrical particles, which must be the dream of human beings!

6 conclusion

Physics is an experimental science, and everything is derived from experimental observations in the final analysis. However, people will not be satisfied with accumulating data. To make it scientific, they must use the help of mathematics to rise to the universal theory that can explain all experiments and make predictions that can verify in future experiments. Through a large number of theoretical and experimental research, further, physics has been sublimated to a culture that guides our thinking and work. Anyone who has learned physics uses physical thoughts to understand the surrounding things, and judge the intricate and complicated and true authenticity of the surroundings to take the most reasonable way (you think the most reasonable) to change (this and the physical prophecies do physical prophecies similar). The whole process is long. From Galileo and Newton, the sublimation process of physics today is tortuous, developed step by step, and is inevitable and sublimated by physics.

Physics and culture guides all scholars, engineers, students and the masses of all scholars, engineers, students and the masses. Instruct them how to correctly think and choose to solve the problem correctly, and instruct them how to overcome difficulties and move forward, whether it is cutting -edge science or daily life and work.

The true meaning of physics culture is: first, seeking truth; second, trace the source, everything must be clarified.

It is important to learn physical subjectivity. Many middle school students say that physics is difficult and unwilling to learn physics. In fact, this is a misunderstanding. You can learn as long as you want to learn. Physics is a science about nature, so it is the most reasonable science. As long as you want to be reasonable, how can you learn not to learn well? Emphasize the universe. The physical laws of nature will not change, but physics is moving forward. Due to the development of physics, the world will become better, and the degree of human civilization will become higher and higher. Let us create a wonderful tomorrow and realize the dream of China's strong country!

references

[1] Chen Jia'er, Zhao Kaihua, Wang Bangdong. Facing the 21st century, urgently to be rebuilt in my country's engineering physics education [J]. Physics report, 2000 (4): 3-5.

A urGent needing to reconstruct engineering physics teaching for the 21st Century [J]. Physics Bulletin, 2000 (4): 3-5. (In Chinese)

[2] Mu Liangzhu. What is physical and physical culture? [J]. Physics and engineering, 2019,29 (1): 15-24.

What is Physics and Its Culture? [J]. Physics and Engineering, 2019, 29 (1): 15-24. (In Chinese)

[3] Plateau Ning. What is physics [eb/ol]. Https://tech.sina.com.cn/d/i/2019-07-05/doc- Ihytcitk9921581.shtml?cre=tianyi&Mod=pctech&LOC=15&R = 25 & rfunc = 100 & tj = None & TR = 25 [2019-07-05].

[4] Li Bin. From Newton to the financial crisis-from the relationship between physics, communication technology and investment [J]. Modern physics knowledge, 2010,22 (2): 10-19.

Li B. From Newton to Financial Crisis [J]. Modern Physics, 2010, 22 (2): 10-19. (In Chinese).

[5] Gu Pei. Mathematical Culture [M]. Beijing: Higher Education Press, 2008.

About the author: Li Xueqian, male, professor of Nankai University, mainly research directions is high -energy physical phenomenology, particle physics cosmic science, medium micro -physics, [email protected].

Citation format: Li Xueqian. Physics is a culture [J]. Physics and engineering, 2019, 29 (5): Priority publishing.

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