Going and narrower?Doctoral student "Application -Assessment" Critical design upward flow channel

Text ｜ Chen Tao (Director of the Institute of Education Management and Policy of Southwest University of Finance and Economics)

Since 2020, almost all doctoral students of "double first -class" universities in my country have implemented the "application -assessment" system, and 42 world -class universities construction universities have taken the system as the main form of recruitment. However, to this day, in the face of the extensive implementation of the system, people's evaluation still shows the trend of "polarization" -the voice of both "harm education fairness" and the voice of "conforming to the tradition of academic selection".

A few days ago, some people put forward the question of "China’ s doctoral students' application -the assessment system has gradually evolved into a 'close relative breeding' ", and the discussion of the parties was extremely enthusiastic. In the face of the public's questioning of the current status of doctoral education resources, it is not difficult to make people think of such an idea: Will the implementation of doctoral enrollment "applications -assessment" system will make the study road of the bloggers get narrower and narrower?

To this end, it is necessary to reflect on the localization reform of the "application -assessment" system from the perspective of real situation and differences between China and the West.

Real situation: path dependence, fairness of concern

First of all, it is necessary to admit that, as a educational system from the West, doctoral students' "application -assessment" system started late and the implementation time was shorter. Since being introduced into the country, it is facing the test of China's situation. In -depth analysis of the realistic situation of doctoral students' "application -assessment" system in China not only helps to discover the adaptive issues that the system exists in the development of society and education in my country, but also a realistic needs for the development of doctoral students in my country. And the prerequisite for the development of the theory of doctoral recruitment theory.

According to our judgment, the actual situation of doctoral students' "application -assessment" can be summarized into the following aspects.

The first is the path dependency of traditional written test test. In other words, the current "application -assessment" system of doctoral students in my country has fallen into the "path dependence" of the traditional examination model. However, to crack this inertia, we must not rely on institutional adjustment, but to go deep into the cultural level of public cognition.

Followed by the recruitment qualifications of famous universities. The "application -assessment" system contains the logic of efficiency first, and pays more attention to high -quality students. Many colleges and universities even clearly require candidates to have a background of their post academic qualifications.

The third is that the instructor's power is lost. The prominent problem of doctoral students' "Application -Assessment" system is that the border of the instructor's self -discipline has not yet been clarified. Nearly 80%of the instructors admit that they have autonomy during the enrollment process. Candidates have expressed their concerns about this. Interviews have become the "gray zone" that affects the fairness of enrollment.

Western characteristics and differences between China and the West

As mentioned earlier, doctoral students' "application -assessment" system is the product of the Western higher education system. Therefore, it is necessary to restore it into the Western society and educational environment to analyze the evolution of this system, and then reflect on it in Chinese and Western society. The differences in China find a breakthrough for the localization reform of my country's implementation of the system.

From the historical evolution of the system, the formation of the "application -assessment" system has a high degree of self -consistent systems with Western society. Historically, the prototype of the "Application -Evaluation" system comes from the form of community organizations in Middle Ages. In fact, it is a simple positioning of teachers and students. The mentor determines the students' "enrollment qualifications". Basic form.

After that, the emergence of new European high -level education institutions promoted the internalization of the Western higher education system, and established a relatively independent rail system in the differentiation, especially the establishment of a dual -track system for the middle and higher education systems of European countries, which made it even more, which made it even more, which made it even more, which made it more. Students generate divergence.

After World War II, the sharp expansion of the scale of higher education in Western countries prompted countries to conduct talent selection through the social control methods of examinations, especially with the help of standardized testing to examine students' comprehensive academic ability. The traditional community model has evolved into the college model, even the market model of third -party certification intervention.

From the perspective of the differences in the social structure of the Chinese and Western society, the understanding of doctoral students' "application -assessment" system must be inspected and analyzed from a more macro sociological perspective.

For example, in terms of cultural differences under the structure of social relations, the doctoral students' "application -assessment" system sets a written test, which reflects the differences between Chinese and Western society and culture. The "poor" centered on destroying the "preface" of the unified examination system itself, the latter is why the Chinese imperial examinations can continue for thousands of years.

For example, in terms of education system differences under social layered structure, in Western society, Europe is a typical class society, and its education system belongs to the "sponsorship flow", depending on the first -point factor of students, and the re -production of the level system and elite production becomes the West Education system foundation. However, under the arrangement of the college entrance examination system, my country is a specially flowing vertical competition, and the competition is high.

For another example, in terms of the differences in the power and responsibility under the structure of social power, the problem of the instructor's autonomy of the "application -assessment" system is essentially the issue of power of power. But because of this, it has aroused concerns about the public's possibilities for rent -seeking. Therefore, it is necessary to build it on the basis of my country's public power -based structural characteristics.

Localization reform strategy

Higher education experience in any country and region belongs to "local truth", and the "application -assessment" system for doctoral students is no exception. There are many differences between the soil of the "application -assessment" and the root cause of the "application -assessment". Explore. First of all, digging the advantages of written examinations and constructing a compatible mode. The reform of my country's doctoral students' "Application -Evaluation" system should start from the intention of coordinating the advantages of the Chinese and Western admissions system and forming a compatible and compatible development model. From external effects to local innovation, on the basis of absorbing excellent Western experience, integration into the characteristics of traditional Chinese written examinations, Candidates' "application" and "assessment", "written test" and "interviews", "primary selection" and "re -examination" are established, and scientific quantitative and diverse written test content is designed.

In this regard, we can learn from the excellent local experience in the current doctoral examinations of domestic colleges and universities. From the perspective of educational evaluation, learning science, and constructivism, optimize the design of the written test content, tap the advantages of the authentication written test system, make the test content and results evaluation more evaluation of the test content and results evaluation more Scientific.

Secondly, break the identity restrictions of prestigious schools and promote the two -track parallel system. The reform of doctoral students' "application -assessment" system should clearly cancel the labelization approach, continue to optimize and promote the reform of the general admissions system, and take a fair and quality postgraduate education as the core criterion for the recruitment work. The identity discrimination is a channel for the design of the student group of the "dual -African" institutions to achieve the "two tracks" and the election.

The purpose of implementing the "two -track" and election talents is to force the response changes of the structural system in the education field, build a "job diversion" education system with local characteristics, and establish and improve the mechanism for the upward education of doctoral students to flow up. Obviously, my country's doctoral students' "application -assessment" system is a linked reform involving the overall system of higher education, and it is urgent to need a more magnificent top -dimensional design.

Third, establish a mechanism for power coordination and delineate the scope of mentor power. The reform of doctoral students' application -assessment system shall establish a mentor, the administrative and college's party committee's power coordination relationship. On the one hand, we must establish, expand and standardize the coordinated integration mechanism of academic power, and review the ideological and moral literacy of the candidates; the administrative department will put the enrollment of autonomy to the second -level administrative unit of the department; Determine the admission personnel through the collective assessment of the instructor.

On the other hand, it is also necessary to establish a standard and evaluation system for mentors, and start from the aspects of political quality, teacher morality, academic level, and education ability to protect and standardize the instructor's enrollment, guidance, evaluation and management rights. Determine the ownership of the mentor and responsibility.

In short, the premise of implementing the "application -assessment" system for doctoral students must be based on the real base of China's reality, not to simply copywestern experience in the West, and effectively respond to the conflict between fairness and efficiency in the supply and demand process of public education resources. We must review it with criticism and deeply reflect on the specific issues of the Western education system transplanted to China.

From "Western experience" to "Chinese characteristics", we must set up "application -assessment" in the entire education system for a comprehensive investigation, carefully sort out and bridge the relationship between "experience" and "characteristics"; from "Chinese experience" To the "Chinese experience", researchers are required to have stronger theoretical criticism courage, and decision makers have greater reform.

"China Science News" (2022-07-26 The 3rd edition of the 3rd edition of the original title "Doctor Student" Application-Evaluation "System: Going to the way to study?")

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