"This incident is caught" a little bit '! "

Text ｜ "China Science News" reporter Chen Bin

In a conversation many years ago, a teacher at Tsinghua University was asked a question: "What is the difference between your Tsinghua students and students from other schools?"

The teacher thought about it, "I think the biggest feature of Tsinghua students is the solid foundation of mathematics and physics."

"I agree with this statement, because they attach importance to the foundation of the students, especially the basics of mathematics is a consensus of Tsinghua and a tradition that we have adhered to for a long time." An Yu, the leader of the basic physics teaching team of Tsinghua University and the professor of the school of the school, told Tsinghua University Journal of China Science.

An Yu's basic physics teaching team is one of the first 12 basic course teaching teams identified by Tsinghua University.

Not long ago, the school's second batch of 9 basic courses teaching teams also ended the publicity.

"In the future, we will also identify the third batch." Said Yang Fan, deputy director of the Academic Affairs Office of Tsinghua University.

What is the "basic course teaching team"? Why did Tsinghua establish such a team?

History: Grass -roots organization returns to the "main axis" of teaching

To answer these questions, you need to call back the time back to decades.

In 1988, Tian Ling, a graduate graduate graduate graduate, met the drawing teacher at her undergraduate.

After learning that Tian Ling was about to work, the teacher asked her if she was willing to be a teacher in her teaching and research room.

"I think the teacher's career is sacred, and I promised it without thinking about it." Tian Ling, a professor at the Department of Mechanical Department of Tsinghua University and the head of the basic course teaching team of the school's engineering map.

At that time, Tsinghua, the teaching and research room was the most basic teaching unit.

Each teaching and research room will be divided into multiple teaching groups according to different types of courses.

After the new teacher stays in school, first of all, he must study in the most difficult teaching team, listen to the old teachers' classes, assisted in correction assignments, and tutoring courses. After a round of study and exercise, you can take lessons independently.

New teachers must participate in the teaching work of all teaching groups in order to gradually become more omnipotent teachers.

"This is a typical teaching organization with teaching as the main axis." Tian Ling said that in the teaching and research room, although teachers are also engaged in scientific research, their focus is undoubtedly teaching.

Because the teaching and research room is systematic, under the organization of the teaching and research office, the mechanism of curriculum reform and adjustment is very smooth.

Such a form of teaching organization continued to the end of the last century in Tsinghua University. With Tsinghua University's transformation to research universities, traditional grass -roots teaching organizations have also changed -the teaching and research room with similar disciplines has been merged, forming a research institute with different discipline directions. Teachers in the teaching and research room joined the Institute and still undertake previous teaching tasks.

Such changes have their historical background.

According to Hong Zhizhong, an assistant professor at the Xiamen University Education Research Institute, since 1987, my country has carried out several large -scale discipline professional catalog revision and professional setting adjustment. Among them, in the revision in 1998, the number of professional species dropped from 504 cliffs to 249 species.

"This has caused disconnection between the teaching and research room and the professional settings. Many colleges and universities have reorganized some of the similar professional and small -caliber into a professional professional with a wide professional caliber. The teaching and research room based on professional and professional courses has also been greatly reduced. Hong Zhizhong wrote in an article.

However, the biggest difference between the teaching and research room and the research institute is based on teaching as the main axis, and the latter is based on scientific research. "This has a great impact on the teaching of teachers. After all, the subject of the lecture has changed from a team to an individual, and compared with the professional courses that only need one or two teachers to teach, several or even a dozen teachers need to teach together. The impact is much greater. "

During that time, although the formal "teaching and research room" had been merged, the teachers still spontaneously organized many teaching groups. Tsinghua University also quickly realized this problem and organized a group of teaching groups around 2007.

It was at that time that An Yu was ordered to establish a basic physics teaching group. The teaching group developed into the basic physics teaching center of Tsinghua University in the future.

In the next 10 years, with the end of the "big expansion", my country's higher education has entered a new period of connotative development, and the importance of teaching has been mentioned again.

"Faced with the new situation, we hope that the basic course teaching of Tsinghua, even if it is given 3,000 people and dozens of parallel classes, we must maintain the same high level, and then face the differences in the discipline foundation and learning demands of different students. Provide the "Customized" courses for teaching in accordance with the aptitude. "Yang Fan said that this makes the further construction of teaching teams with teaching as the main axis.

In May 2021, after team optimization and application review, the first batch of 12 basic curriculum teaching teams including basic physics, circuit principles, and organic chemistry was identified.

传 传: convey the sound with action

Bleak

What is the "basic course teaching team"? An Yu told the Journal of China that in Tsinghua, the "foundation" in the traditional sense mainly refers to students' mathematics and physics foundations.

But with the continuous development of the discipline, some engineering courses have also become basic courses.

"Although these courses are not as‘ basic ’as mathematics and physics, for many engineering students, they also play a basic role in the construction of their subject system, such as engineering drawing and computer foundation.”

The team engaged in such curriculum teaching is also known as the basic course teaching team.

They and the Language Teaching Center, the Ministry of Sports, and the communication and collaboration center have become important courses in the important curriculum teaching except for professional courses in Tsinghua University. Although returning to the "main axis" of teaching, Tian Ling did not think that the basic course teaching team was just a simple copy of the "teaching and research room" in the past.

"In the teaching and research room model, although teachers also undertake scientific research tasks, they basically take teaching as the main line. Especially for teachers engaged in basic courses, because the teaching tasks are very heavy, the time to engage in scientific research becomes more insufficient. This is for teachers for teachers. The long -term development, and even the reform and development of the course itself have an impact. "Tian Ling said.

However, the basic course teaching team is not the case.

During the interview, neither Tian Ling nor Anyu mentioned that a considerable number of teachers in their team also achieved outstanding achievements in academic research while undertaking basic courses.

For example, Anyu's basic physics teaching team has two "Jie Qing" (the National Outstanding Youth Science Fund winner) and two "Yangtze Handsmen". Tian Ling's engineering map teaching team also has one "Yangtze River scholar" and three "Youqing" (winner of the National Outstanding Youth Science Fund).

"Of course, these teachers enter the basic course teaching team. Of course, they need to undertake certain basic courses in teaching tasks, and they cannot give up their own scientific research." An Yu said, but it was such a "cross" that teachers from different scientific research fields from different scientific research fields It brings different lectures to the same course, and also ensures that the content of the teaching of basic courses can be associated with the frontier of technology.

The question follows -why do these teachers who can originally focus on scientific research join a teaching team?

A few years ago, when Wang Xiangbin, a professor at the Department of Physics of Tsinghua University, joined Anyu's basic course teaching team, it was all because of his enthusiasm for teaching. "I enjoy the feeling of teaching knowledge to students." Wang Xiangbin said during the interview.

"Teachers who are suitable for teaching basic lessons should not only like to be a teacher for students, but also pursue being a good teacher." Tian Ling told the China Science News that at least in the present, teaching is still a large "conscience work" to a large extent. "What is needed is the enthusiasm of the teacher from the heart. However, it is not enough to rely on enthusiasm -while the teacher gives this enthusiasm, can it be sufficient respect and support?

In this regard, An Yu was deeply touched.

In recent years, Tsinghua has continued to move in the teaching of basic courses. Whether it is setting up a teaching group, establishing basic teaching centers, or identifying two batches of basic courses in teaching teams, in his opinion, a simple but extremely important voice behind these actions is to attach importance to basic courses in teaching Essence

"This is precious." An Yu said that in the environment of teaching, the display of teaching was significantly lower than that of scientific research, so that the teachers in class have a sense of honor and self -confidence, which can be said to be a key factor in improving the level of basic courses.

The school has taken a measure taken by basic courses, and whether it can achieve the expected results, the action itself has told teachers that: basic courses are important, and it is not easy to enter the basic course teaching team. This is proud.

A few days ago, the members of the An Yuzhao team held an online teaching seminar, and more than 30 college teachers participated.

Many of them are young teachers who have just returned from abroad and are under heavy scientific research tasks.

"These teachers can not participate, but they are not only online, but also very serious. This shows that they feel that basic lessons are very important and are willing to spend energy for this. This is very pleased."

Effect: Organizing the pressure of reform

Although it is also "teaching", there is a big difference between the teaching of basic courses and professional courses, and there are many unique difficulties to overcome themselves.

For example, there are fewer students who need to face professional courses. They often need only one or two teachers, and not only the number of students facing basic courses, the number of teachers is required to be coordinated, and the number of teaching tasks is greater. Teachers are balancing scientific research and teaching and teaching. In the relationship between the relationship, the resistance encountered is even greater.

By identifying the basic course teaching team, Tsinghua not only passed a sound, but also managed management and services.

According to Yang Fan, in order to become a basic course teaching team identified by the school, the team must first make a construction plan and report to the school regularly on the team's construction and development. At the same time, the school level will also provide key resources and policy support for these teams.

"We have conducted a certain standardization and organizational construction of the previous spontaneous and loose teaching organizations, which is equivalent to setting up a platform for them at the school level. On the platform, each team can determine the target plan and each other according to their own conditions. Communicate and urge each other. "Yang Fan said.

In addition, before identifying the basic course teaching team, if different schools in the school have different needs for basic courses, they are mostly found the teacher to communicate. Now through the "platform" set up by the school, the departments can "one -stop" docking teams to solve the needs of diverse teaching needs.

Take Tsinghua's computer basic course teaching team as an example. Last year, through the docking meeting organized by the school, the team was connected with all the colleges and departments that needed to offer related courses in the school, and for different colleges and departments, they made personalized adjustments to the curriculum. Essence

In addition to meeting personalized needs, the school also has higher expectations for these teams -hopes that the team will pay attention to the comprehensive development of students in time on the basis of continuous protection of the quality of teaching. "For example, the basic class of mathematics, as the first" hard lesson "that many freshmen have touched after enrollment, I hope they will not only explain knowledge, but also position the course as an enlightenment course that students study in Tsinghua. The responsibility of learning behavior during college. "Yang Fan said.

In this regard, the relevant teams have also understood. As the member of the school's basic course teaching team, Wu Zhiming said in an interview with the school media, "The calculus class on the freshman one is more important than the grade is to learn how to become a true Tsinghua student and form a math thinking mode for university mathematics. , Mastering the method and time schedule of college mathematics learning, I will pay much attention to these aspects of students in my class. "

During the interview, the reporter found that the school's identification did have a certain pressure on the teaching team of each basic course.

For example, before the establishment of the basic course teaching team, Tian Ling was actively organizing teaching reform and curriculum construction, but because there was no smooth organizational guarantee, the effect and efficiency were difficult to meet the expectations.

However, after the establishment of the teaching team, "teaching reform and curriculum construction have become the internal work of the team's‘ just right ”, and teachers attach great importance to it.

Team members, especially young teachers, have greatly improved the investment in basic courses, and truly become the backbone of basic courses. "

She said that some of the previous teaching resources construction work depends on the teacher's consciousness, and often drag it for a while. After the team, the efficiency is immediately lifted.

"The school's establishment of the basic course teaching team can be said to have been caught by‘ point ’.” Tian Ling lamented.

Reflection: The adjustment of grass -roots teaching organizations is still a problem

According to Wen Wen, an associate professor of the Institute of Higher Education of Tsinghua University, the "point" in Tian Lingkou can also be said to be a "time point".

She told the Journal of my country that with the sustainable development of higher education in China, the current undergraduate teaching reform of colleges and universities has entered a real "deep water zone".

"The previous college curriculum reform was mainly based on resource construction, such as improving the personal treatment of teachers and the external conditions of teaching. However, when these conditions were met, the reform came to the most difficult step -adjusting college curriculum teaching itself. "

However, the problem is that the university's classroom teaching is different from primary and secondary schools. Its curriculum is very complicated and has high personal requirements for teachers.

At the same time, the current university's organizational structure is largely dominated by scientific research. The traditional grass -roots teaching organizations represented by the teaching and research room are not completely suitable for the current universities.

This makes how to adjust the grass -roots teaching organization into a question that needs to be considered carefully.

Earlier this year, the Ministry of Education's Higher Education Department officially launched the pilot construction of the virtual teaching and research room, and strived to build an information platform for the national higher education virtual teaching and research room through the efforts of 3 to 5 years. Essence In less than half a year, there have been two batches of virtual teaching and research rooms. A total of 657 universities virtual teaching and research rooms were among them.

A few days ago, the Ministry of Education issued a notice and decided to carry out the ability to enhance the ability of vocational education teachers. It also clearly proposed that supporting partitions and establishing vocational colleges for teachers' development alliances to drive the construction of teachers in various places.

"Whether it is the establishment of the Virtual Teaching and Research Office and the Teacher Development Center, or the identification and construction of the basic course teaching team, it can be regarded as a one made by universities and related management departments when facing grass -roots teaching to deepen adjustment of higher education for higher education. Try and explore. "Wen Wen said.

Nevertheless, there are still many jobs that need to be done in this regard.

According to Hong Zhizhong's statistics, 23 of the provincial administrative regions and Xinjiang production and construction corps are currently involved in the construction of grass -roots teaching organizations in provincial documents. Many provinces such as Anhui, Henan, and Shanxi have also introduced a special action plan for grass -roots teaching organizations.

However, "Although grass -roots teaching organizations tend to be fully covered in statistical data, the main reason is that traditional stocks and bases are large, not new capacity. The design of the action route, the problem that the status of grass -roots teaching organizations does not show the fundamental reversal. " He said.

Yang Fan also said frankly that although Tsinghua has always attached great importance to the teaching work of teachers and also focused on supporting basic courses, she still hopes that those teachers who have worked hard in the teaching of basic courses can get more recognition.

"I hope that such recognition is not limited to the scope of the school, but is recognized in a wider social sense." She said that only in this way can it more stimulate teachers' sense of recognition and pride in basic courses.

In the 1990s, American universities also faced conflict between teaching and scientific research. In this regard, the Carnegie Society entrusted the American taught Boye to write a research report "Academic Reflection: Key Area of ​​Professor Work" and put forward the concept of "teaching academic". The connotation is that teaching is a teacher. A kind of academic activity of continuous reflection and exploring the construction of discipline teaching knowledge system and promoting its professional development, which greatly enhances the academic position of university teaching.

"From this perspective, we need to further explore the establishment of grass -roots teaching organizations that are truly suitable for the development of higher education, and then stimulate teachers' teaching enthusiasm." Wen Wen said that organizational change is the institutional guarantee for "teaching academics", but deeper deeper It is to cultivate "teaching culture", which is still a problem we need to generally face. "China Science News" (2022-06-14 The 4th edition of the 4th edition of the original title is "Adaptability" exploration of "Deepwater Zone")

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