[Scientific Power] In the year of Huajia, he became the general designer of China's manned aerospace engineering

The year when he became the chief designer of China Manned Aerospace Engineering, he was 60 years old.

Wang Yongzhi, the first chief designer of China Manned Aerospace Engineering and academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering. On September 21, 1992, this is a day that can be loaded into the history of Chinese aerospace. On this day, the Chinese manned aerospace project was officially established. The project code was "921". General designer of aerospace engineering.

From the transition of the manned spacecraft to the space laboratory, to the permanent space station that has long -term care, Wang Yongzhi's concept eventually became the "three steps" strategy of China's manned space project. "Feiyang went straight to the eight thousand feet, and only dial the clouds to watch the sea." This is a poem given to the astronaut Yang Liwei before the Shenzhou 5. Under this heroic poetry, Wang Yongzhi was under pressure.

Bold innovation

From the successful launch of the first self -designed missile to enter the space station era, Wang Yongzhi, the first chief designer of the Lange Rocket Series and the first chief designer of the Chinese manned aerospace project, witnessed many important historical moments of my country's national defense technology and aerospace industry. Essence

"Faced with the enemy's aircraft artillery, I thought at the time that the country had a strong national defense and asked others to dare not bully." After the outbreak of the War of Resistance and Aid North Korea, he held the goal of "not letting people bully". Wang Yongzhi entered Tsinghua University Aviation.

In 1957, Wang Yongzhi ushered in a major turning point in his life: This year, he changed the rocket missile design at the Moscow Academy of Aeronautics. Since then, Wang Yongzhi's fate has been closely linked to Chinese aerospace.

In response to my country's first self -designed missile range, Wang Yongzhi boldly proposed a solution: the missile can reach the scheduled range from the leakage of 600 kg of combustion from the rocket body.

The rocket was not enough, and it was still leaked? At that time, many people thought it was incredible. Wang Yongzhi gathered the courage to find Qian Xuesen, the general commander of the launch site, and talked about his thoughts. After listening to Qian Xuesen, he immediately called the missile chief designer to tell: "This young man's opinion is right, just do it as he said!" Sure enough, after the implementation of this plan, the missile range increased After the target area, the test was successful.

This bold and innovative spirit has always run through Wang Yongzhi's scientific research.

"The proposal is blame"

The top priority of manned space engineering is to ensure the personal safety of astronauts. At that time, before giving away people in the world, various countries in the world were carried out in order to be cautious. If China takes this road, the time and economic costs are huge, but no large animal experiments are performed. For the chief designer, how to ensure the safety of astronauts is absolutely a huge test. Wang Yongzhi took down the pressure, and he decided not to do big animal experiments and went directly to heaven.

This is a bold decision. Wang Yongzhi said, "We have to cross the bold leap, because there is such a determination at that time -the world level is the world level. Why can we do this (directly send the astronauts to the sky)? Dry, we do it back, so we have experience, many things can avoid and jump over. "

Nevertheless, this determination requires courage and wisdom. Eventually, this bold plan was determined through the "two generals" joint meeting (that is, the chief commander, deputy chief commander, chief designer, and deputy chief designer). But the decision -making power is obviously in a person, and the proposal is responsible. Wang Yongzhi said: "No matter how many people discuss the plan, the proposal and advocate are responsible for the main responsibility. I am determined to bear this responsibility."

Ensuring the personal safety of astronauts is the top priority of my country's manned aerospace project. Wang Yongzhi said: "I am particularly relieved of this. It has been done until now, which is almost 30 years. We have always been safe."

The manned spacecraft succeeded in heaven

Speaking of the successful sending the manned spacecraft to heaven, it is completely inseparable from the Long March series of carrier rockets independently developed by my country. How to improve the launch capacity of the Chinese Rockets was the problem that Wang Yongzhi, then the dean of the China Locomotive Rocket Technology Research Institute, took the lead in overcome at the time.

In 1986, Wang Yongzhi, then the dean of the China Institute of Launch Rocket Technology, quietly brewed a major event with a group of scientists. Form a new large thrust rocket- "long two -bind".

Wang Yongzhi said: "At that time, we wanted to develop a large thrust bundling rocket based on the" Long March 2 'Rockets and pushed China's carrier rocket to the international market. "At the end of 1988, the country approved the project and required to complete it within 18 months. Develop task. On behalf of the Institute, Wang Yongzhi set up a "military order". In some foreign colleagues, it is impossible to complete this task without 3 years. This is the most difficult tough battle that Wang Yongzhi has encountered in his life. Whether Chinese aerospace can get on the international business -launched bus, the success or failure is here. In the end, Wang Yongzhi and his colleagues made the best answer with facts -on July 16, 1990, the "Long Two Bind" was successful.

Inheritance of manned aerospace spirit

From the successful launch of Shenzhou 5 to the successful return of Shenzhou 13, my country has successfully launched eight manned spacecraft, and 13 Chinese astronauts visited the vast universe. From 1992 to 2022, the Chinese manned aerospace project has gone through 30 years, and the "three -step" plan that Wang Yongzhi originally conceived was also completed in 2022.

These three steps have been walking for 30 years. In the long period of time, my country not only cultivated a strong aerospace team, but also cultivated the spirit of manned aerospace.Wang Yongzhi has high hopes for the new generation of astronauts. He said: "I think the most important thing is that I can really study the" two bombs, one star "spirit and the spirit of manned space created by the older generation.Our career can continue to develop and continue to carry forward. "

"The needs of the country are our ideals and volunteers. Dreams are flying, dreams, and dreams." Wang Yongzhi said firmly.

(This article was first published in the WeChat public account "Scientific Power")

source:

1. CCTV News Client

2. The PLA newspaper "Wang Yongzhi, Academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering:" Star "light because of dreams shining"

Author: Liu Jianhua

Edit: Guo Ling

Review: Gong Zimo

Vision: Long Hao

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