The anti -Japanese war behind South China shows distinctive regional characteristics

In October 1938, after the Japanese army occupied Guangzhou and other places, under the leadership of the Communist Party of China, South China military and civilians founded a number of anti -Japanese bases such as Dongjiang, Qiongya, Wugui Mountain, West Sea, Central District, and Beijiang, which were collectively referred to as South China Anti -Japanese Base. The battlefield behind the South China enemy was one of the three enemy battlefields during the Anti -Japanese War, and tied with the battlefields behind North China and Central China. In the battlefield behind the South China enemy, there are many coastal areas, adjacent to Hong Kong, Macao and Nanyang, and belong to the forefront of combat between the Allies and the Japanese army. Affected by these regional factors, the anti -Japanese war in South China showed some distinctive regional characteristics.

Use the advantages of the coastal along the river to carry out maritime guerrilla warfare. The Communist Party of China flexibly used the guerrilla war's strategic tactics during the Anti -Japanese War. Compared with the anti -Japanese war behind the North China and Central China, the anti -Japanese war behind the South China enemy uses more guerrilla warfare. Its form is both the same and different. First of all, the South China Anti -Japanese Armed Forces under the leadership of the Communist Party of China launched a mountain guerrilla warfare, such as the "Baihua Cave battle" in Daling Mountain, Dongguan in June 1941. Secondly, the South China Anti -Japanese Armed Forces also launched a plain guerrilla warfare, such as the "grenade battle" in the plain of the Dongguan durian area from October to November 1938. During the War of Resistance Against Japan, these two guerrilla warfare was a conventional tactic in the enemy battlefield.

In addition, the anti -Japanese war behind the South China enemy also creatively launched a maritime guerrilla war. This is the form of guerrilla warfare created by the South China Anti -Japanese Armed Forces under the leadership of the Communist Party of China in practice. In May 1938, Mao Zedong pointed out in "The Strategic Issues of the Anti -Japanese Guerrilla War": "The bases of the Anti -Japanese guerrilla war are generally three types: mountain, flat land, and river and lake ports", "Hong Kong -stricken areas in all enemies along the river along the river, along the coastal coastal area , Both should organize guerrilla warfare. "

On October 12, 1938, the Japanese landed in the area of ​​Yuyang Daya Bay, Guangdong, and soon occupied Guangzhou. After the Japanese army invaded South China, under the instructions of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, the South China Anti -Japanese Army was actively conducting maritime guerrilla warfare in the coast along the river in South China. There are two main places for guerrilla warfare: one is near Dapeng Bay and Daya Bay. At the end of 1941, the Japanese army opened a maritime transportation line from Hong Kong via Shantou to Taiwan, and the sea of ​​Dapeng Bay and Daya Bay was the must -see seas of the transportation line. In order to destroy the Japanese maritime transportation, the Dongjiang Column established two marine guerrillas on both sides of the Dapeng Peninsula. The two maritime guerrillas fought with wooden sailing and local bombs, and frequently attacked the Japanese transport ships, and repeatedly hit the Japanese army. The second is near the Pearl River Estuary. In March 1943, in order to combat the Japanese puppet army in the Pearl River Estuary, it further communicated the two guerrilla areas of the Pearl River and Dongjiang. The team has 4 ships, and the team members are sixty or seventy.

Utilize the country to launch patriotic overseas Chinese and compatriots in Hong Kong and Macao. South China is adjacent to Hong Kong, Macao and Nanyang, and is one of the most important overseas Chinese towns in China. Patriotic Overseas Chinese and Hong Kong and Macao compatriots support their hometown of the War of Resistance Against Japan, highlighting the regional characteristics of the anti -Japanese war in the southern enemy of China, mainly in three aspects.

First, return home to join the anti -Japanese armed forces led by the Communist Party of China. The backbone of Dongjiang Column's predecessor, "Huibao People's Anti -Japanese Guerrilla Corps", is mainly seafarers, workers and students returning from Hong Kong. They have more than 200 people and organize 7 rescue teams. There are overseas Chinese and Hong Kong and Macao compatriots in the anti -Japanese guerrillas in South China.

Second, organize a return home service group. In January 1939, under the commission of the Southeast Southern Communist Party of China, the Dongjiang Overseas Chinese Returning Service Group was established in Danshui in Huiyang County. During the comprehensive anti -Japanese war, there were more than 30 returning service groups organized by patriotic overseas Chinese and Hong Kong and Macao compatriots, and their event footprints spread all over the Dongjiang, Xijiang, Siyi, and South Road in South China.

Third, donations and materials for the War of Resistance Against Japan. In September 1937, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China appointed Liao Chengzhi to Hong Kong to organize the Eighth Route Army Office. The original intention was to receive economic assistance from overseas Chinese. During the War of Resistance Against Japan, overseas Chinese and Hong Kong and Macao compatriots donated money and donations for the anti -Japanese war behind South China. For example, on May 6, 1939, the Qiongya Overseas Chinese Association Relief Committee passed the Eighth Route Army's office in Hong Kong to the Feng Baiju guerrilla team to donate a donation of 40,000 yuan and a batch of pharmaceutical supplies. This greatly supports the reserve guarantee of Feng Baiju guerrillas, and also prompted the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China to propose "the central base of Qiongdao to strive for the nine million Nanyang overseas Chinese."

Use the South Kingdom Border Location to support the Allied forces against Japan. South China is located in the southern border of China. During the War of Resistance Against Japan, it belonged to the forefront of the Allied and Japanese operations. The anti -Japanese armed forces led by the Communist Party of China made full use of the characteristics of South China's geographical location and strongly supported the Allies' against Japan.

First, rescue international friends. On December 25, 1941, the Japanese army captured Hong Kong. Hong Kong's patriotic democrats, cultural celebrities, and international friends in the United States and the United States became the target of the Japanese army. Under the deployment of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, the Guangdong People's Anti -Japanese Guerrilla Team sent martial arts teams into Hong Kong to carry out rescue operations and successfully rescued 89 international friends.

Second, the Allied pilot who was in danger against Japan. In 1942, the Allies began an important facility of the Japanese army in South China. In the process, the Allied aircraft were repeatedly hit by the Japanese, and the Allied pilot skyrocketed and landed on the daily occupation area, but was often rescued by the Anti -Japanese Armed Forces led by the Communist Party of China. From the beginning of 1944 to early 1945, the South China Anti -Japanese Armed Forces led by the Communist Party of China rescued nearly 40 British and American pilots in danger. For example, in February 1944, the U.S. military lieutenant Kell was hit while driving an air strike at the Japanese Japanese army facilities, forced to abandon the aircraft and skyrocketed, and was rescued by the Anti -Japanese guerrillas led by the Communist Party of China in the New Territories of Hong Kong. Third, establish intelligence stations with the Allies. In October 1944, the U.S. military and Dongjiang column contacted the cooperation of the radio intelligence station. With the approval of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, the Dongjiang Column has set up a foreign contact office, exchanged Japanese intelligence with the U.S. military, and established intelligence stations. The Allies believe that this intelligence station "contributes to the success of the US strategic forces in China."

In short, the anti -Japanese war behind the South China enemy shows a relatively distinct regional characteristics. Under the leadership of the Communist Party of China, the South China Anti -Japanese Armed Forces launched a maritime guerrilla warfare, launching patriotic overseas Chinese, Hong Kong and Macao compatriots, and supporting the Allied forces to achieve good records and achievements on Japan's operations, and strongly supported the World Anti -Fascist War.

(This article is the major project of the National Social Science Foundation "The Research and Research on the History of the South China Anti -Japanese War" (16ZDA137) phased achievement)

(Author Unit: School of History and Culture, South China Normal University)

Source: China Social Science Network-Journal of Social Sciences of China

Author: Guo Lu

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