China "Beidou" 37 years of journey: from a piece of white paper to the world -class navigation system

Cover Journalist Dai Rui

"Beidou is a first -class system, we have this confidence." In August 2020, at the press conference at the Beidou III satellite navigation system held at the State Council News Office, Ran Chengqi, director of the China Satellite Navigation System Management Office and a spokesman for Beidou Satellite Navigation System, told the cover journalist.

Beidou, this "big country project" starting from zero, is becoming part of the daily life of the Chinese. A few days ago, Xu Wenli, deputy director of the Electronic Information Department of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, revealed at the press conference that in the first half of 2022, 128 new mobile phones supported Beidou, with a total of 132 million shipments, accounting for 98.5%.

More than two years ago, Xu Chun, then deputy director of the Maritime Bureau of the Ministry of Transport, also told cover reporters that the application of Beidou satellite navigation technology has improved the positioning accuracy of the waters within 50 kilometers of my country to centimeters.

"Beidouju in the sky, when Kunlun."

More than two thousand years ago, the Chinese ancestors left ancient records about the seven -star Beidou in the ancient book "Shang Shuwei". In the long history of history, the Beidou Seven Stars were the most reliable coordinates of the Chinese people looking for.

More than two thousand years later, on June 23, 2020, the Xichang Satellite Launch Center in China. One month later, China announced to the world that the global satellite navigation system of Beidou III was officially opened.

On this day, 37 years have passed since China proposed the development of the "Double Star Positioning Communication System", 26 years have passed since the construction of the Beidou -1 system, and the first Beidou satellite is lifted off for 20 years.

Over the past 37 years, a generation of Chinese astronauts has been going on and has written the chapter of Beidou from "people have me without me" to "people have no me and have me."

Beidou Navigation Satellite launched a launch. Data map

Beidou's "Birth":

Be sure to build the Chinese people's own satellite navigation system

The time was returned to 1983. According to the situation of the aerospace development at home and abroad and my country's national conditions, Chen Fangyun, a member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and former chief designer of my country's first artificial global satellite measurement and control system, first proposed to develop the "dual -star positioning communication system", that is, the use of two A land static rail communication satellite realizes the rapid navigation positioning of the region.

According to the "Power of Spirit -Space Spirit Leading the Chinese Nation's Exploration of the Vast Universe" written by the Chinese Academy of Space Technology, in the 1980s, my country had concerns about whether to start a huge cost -spenting satellite project immediately.

At that time, the United States had the world's most advanced GPS navigation positioning system. During the Gulf War in 1991, the US GPS system was greatly successful for the first time in the form of weapons. Americans even attributed the Gulf War to "the victory of GPS". From this modern war, China and the world felt that they had navigation satellites in this modern war. The importance.

"Without the controlled satellite navigation system, the country's economic and social development security lacks reliable protection." In 2011, Ran Chengqi's importance of the navigation system at a press conference at the Beidou satellite navigation system was important to national security.

In February 1994, the "Notice on Printing and Distributing the Project Report on the" Double Star Navigation Positioning System Engineering "was issued, marking the official launch of Beidou No. 1. This year, the 65 -year -old "two bombs and one star" Yuan Xun Sun Jiadong was appointed as the chief designer of the project. road.

my country divides the construction of navigation satellites into the "three steps" strategy: the first step only covers the domestic region, the second step gradually covers the Asia -Pacific region, and the third step is to cover the world. The road of pioneering is always difficult. In front of the development of Beidou No. 1, the "four -none" situation is: one has no technology, two -free experience, three unparalleled talents, and four resources.

Li Zuhong, who was the former commander of Beidou No. 1 and Beidou II Satellite Satellite, recalled, "In the beginning, we have been stimulated. For example, after buying products from a country, we paid the money. Some hard cardboard. Such unreasonable things have happened repeatedly, giving us a lot of lessons. "In 2000 6 years later, the first batch of two Earth Static track satellites in Beidou No. 1 finally successfully launched. The system was formally completed and began to use it. China has become the third country in the world with its own satellite navigation system after the United States and Russia.

Science and technology research solve the problem of "stuck neck"

Beidou "Heart" jumps out of "China Heart rate"

In 2004, the "Beidou II" satellite navigation system task was officially launched. Compared with the "Beidou -1", the difficulty and challenges faced by "Beidou II" are even more difficult to achieve the localization of satellite core instruments and components, completely breaking the mission of being subject to the situation.

The atomic clock is the "heart" of navigation satellites. In an interview with the media, Ran Chengqi recalled that the time benchmark of the Beidou system was calculated in nano. The most important part is the atomic clock. It is the benchmark signal that provides time. Sixteen times. Such a high -precision time accuracy requires the guarantee of core equipment. According to the conditions of the country at that time, no particularly good atomic clock could be used on the satellite, and encountered many difficulties in the process of seeking cooperation.

In order to win scientific research, in order to catch up with the work period, Beidou has established three teams of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Aerospace Science and Technology, and Aerospace Science and Technology. Successfully developed.

In the opinion of Yang Changfeng, chief engineer of Beidou Navigation System, this marks that my country has finally got rid of the status of the core component by the "stuck neck" by others, and "let the heart navigation system beating the heart rate of China."

On April 14, 2007, the first "Beidou II" navigation satellite was launched, and my country entered the "Beidou II" era. Unlike the "Beidou No. 1" as a test system. After completing the networking, the "Beidou II" can position the accuracy of 10 meters in the Asia -Pacific region, the speed measurement accuracy is better than 0.2 meters per second, and the time accuracy is better than 50 nan seconds.

By the end of October 2012, a total of 16 satellites launched the Beidou II system, officially completed the networking and put into operation, and completed the second -step construction task of my country's satellite navigation system.

"The curtain of Beidou applications has been opened, and the third step in the construction of China's satellite navigation system has been on the journey." In December of the same year, Ran Chengqi was confident at the Beidou system at the Beidou system.

On November 5, 2017, my country successfully launched 2 Beidou No. 3 Zhongyuan Orbit satellites in a "one arrow and two stars". This is the first launch of the Beidou III satellite, marking that the Chinese Beidou satellite navigation system has entered the era of global networking.

In the following year, Beidou III entered the high -density launch period of satellite. In 2018, Beidou III launched a total of 18 satellites. On December 27 of this year, Ran Chengqi came to the National New Office again to announce the completion of the construction of Beidou 3 and began to provide global services.

Compared with Beidou No. 2, Beidou 3 has higher accuracy, stronger atomic clocks, updated technologies, and better signals. In July 2020, my country officially announced that the Global Satellite Navigation System of Beidou III was officially opened, marking the successful completion of Beidou's "three steps" development strategy, and Beidou entered a new era of global services.

Compared with the strong opponent, Beidou even has some advantages that other navigation systems do not have. Ran Chengqi told the cover news reporter that the accuracy of the Beidou system was released 10 meters. In the actual test, it was usually 2-3 meters. Among them, there was a frequency point signal. It is best to position the accuracy around the world. Reach a few meters.

Beidou Zhengtu:

Build a more integrated and intelligent comprehensive space -time system

In addition to the navigation positioning functions that people are well known, Beidou has comprehensively served public safety, disaster relief, disaster relief, agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fishing, urban governance and other industries, and integrates the construction of national core infrastructure such as power, finance, and communication.

When answering the cover of the cover reporter, Ran Chengqi stated that the Beidou system can provide global short newspapers, regional short newspapers, star -based enhancement, foundation enhancement, search and rescue services, precision single -point positioning, etc., "We say 1+ 1+," we say 1+ 6. The subsequent development must make '1' stronger and stronger, and the function of '6' is more and more abundant. "

Based on Beidou -based high -precision services play an active role in fighting the new crown epidemic and the southern flood, it is accelerating the entry into new infrastructure, and it is deeply integrated with new generations of new generations of communication, blockchain, the Internet of Things, artificial intelligence, etc. The format and the new economy are constantly emerging.

During the Wenchuan earthquake in 2008, the first rescue personnel who arrived in the epicenter had sent a bouquet of life emergency radio waves to the severe earthquake -stricken area through the Beidou system user terminal. During the period when Wuhan's anti -new crown pneumonia epidemic, Beidou made contributions to the precise surveillance and mapping of the construction of Leishan Mountain and Volcanic Mountain Hospital.

In November 2019, Xu Chun, then deputy director of the Maritime Bureau of the Ministry of Transport, told the cover journalist that the application of Beidou satellite navigation technology has increased the positioning accuracy of the waters within 50 kilometers of my country's near -sea to centimeter. He said that the Maritime Bureau of the Ministry of Transport Management and maintenance and maintenance of 17,262 navigation marks along the coast, 22 differential positioning system platform stations and 75 Beidou satellite navigation stations can provide high -precision positioning services for ships. More Beidou applications are applied to people's daily life, such as shared bicycles familiar to urban residents. Bicycles were parking at will. Only in the area can be locked, otherwise the car cannot be locked and will always be charged.

Ran Chengqi introduced in August 2020 that in the 10 years since 2010, the overall output value of my country's satellite navigation and location service industry has increased by more than 20%. Beidou is one of the four major global satellite navigation systems recognized by the United Nations. Compatible with the United States, Russia, and the European Union satellite navigation systems continued to deepen the cooperation and systems. Beidou -related products have exported more than 120 countries and regions to provide services to users above 100 million levels. Based on Beidou's land surveying and mapping, precision agriculture, digital construction, and smart ports, etc., they have successfully applied in ASEAN, South Asia, Eastern Europe, West Asia, and Africa.

"Satellite navigation applications are only restricted by human imagination. They are not unable to do it, but they can't think of it." Ran Chengqi said that China is expected to build a low -oriented constellation system by 2025, and the world will enjoy the centimeter -level positioning service of Beidou. Essence High -precision entering the mobile phone in the future. If you use a high -precision application mobile phone, you can achieve lane -level navigation. "If you call a taxi, you can let the taxi open your eyes under your feet."

In recent years, more and more scenes and fields need to be used in Beidou navigation. On July 29, 2021, the National New Affairs Office held a comprehensive well -off achievement of the disabled and the main arrangements for the work of the "Fourteenth Five -Year Plan" to make a press conference. Zhang Haidi, deputy director of the State Council's Disabled Persons Committee and chairman of the China Disabled Persons' Federation, said in questions from the questioning reporter of the cover that he suggested that the Beidou navigation system opened the channel to help the blind provides navigation services to fundamentally solve the problem of blind travel and life difficulties.

Zhang Haidi said that the Beidou navigation system has now achieved full coverage, and it can get accurate instant service in both cities and villages. It is hoped that science and technology can bring well -being to the blind and create a more convenient and more quality life for them.

In terms of farther goals, the Beidou system will also build a comprehensive space -time system that is more general, more integrated, and more intelligent by 2035.

Ran Chengqi explained that satellite navigation has natural vulnerability, weak signals, easily interference, and entering the room will have a certain impact. Beidou Navigation will solve the problem of underwater navigation, weak indoor navigation signals, and deep space. The so -called comprehensive positioning navigation timing system is based on satellite navigation as the core and foundation, and integrates various technologies in the current cognition to make it safer, higher performance, and reliable.

"We look forward to the completion and arrival of this system in 2035." Ran Chengqi is full of confidence in the future of Beidou.

Director of the Chinese Satellite Navigation System Management Office and a spokesman for Beidou Satellite Navigation System Ran Chengqi at the press conference of the State Council News Office. Picture source: Guoxin Office

[Dialogue "Beidou" team and user]

Cover news: What is the accuracy of the Beidou system compared with foreign satellite navigation systems? The spokesman mentioned just now that "people have no self, and people have me." Please introduce it in detail, what other navigation systems do not have the advantages of the Beidou system?

Ran Chengqi, director of the China Satellite Navigation System Management Office and a spokesman for Beidou Satellite Navigation System: The accuracy of the Beidou system is now 10 meters. In the actual test, it is usually 2-3 meters. Among them, there is a frequency point. The signal of signal is best to reach 1 point in the world. So Beidou is a first -class system.

Just now, "People have no self," aspects, global short newspapers, regional short newspapers, star base enhancement, foundation enhancement, search and rescue services, precision single -point positioning, etc. We provide 7 services. We say "1+6", The subsequent development must make the "1" stronger and stronger, and the function of "6" is becoming more and more rich. This is the characteristics of our Beidou.

—— On August 3, 2020, the State Council's Journalism Office Beidou III Global Satellite Navigation System was completed and opened to open a press conference

Cover news: Please introduce the situation of water traffic safety supervision and service systems and capabilities in my country in detail.

Xu Chun, deputy director of the Maritime Bureau of the Ministry of Transport: After years of construction, my country's water traffic safety supervision and service system has become a system and scale, and is constantly optimizing to meet the needs of economic and social development. We manage and maintain 17,262 navigation marks along the coast, and build 22 differential positioning system platform stations and 75 Beidou satellite navigation stations, which can provide high -precision positioning services for ships. Among them, the application of Beidou satellite navigation technology has improved the positioning accuracy of waters within 50 kilometers of my country's near offshore to centimeter.

—— On November 22, 2019, the Ministry of Transport's "Notice of the State Office of the State Office on Strengthening the Water Search and Rescue Work" special press conference

Cover news: What are the specific promotion measures in people with disabilities?

Zhang Haidi, deputy director of the State Council's Disabled Persons Committee and Chairman of the Chinese Disabled Persons' Federation: Today, the rapid development of science and technology. We must rely on the power of science and technology to promote the high -quality development of the cause of the disabled and provide more advanced auxiliary appliances for the disabled. To this end, I suggested at the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference some time ago that the Beidou navigation system is used to open the channel to help the blind people provide navigation services to fundamentally solve the problems of blind travel and life difficulties. Now the Beidou navigation system has achieved full coverage, both in the city or in the countryside, you can get accurate instant service. It is hoped that science and technology can bring well -being to the blind and create a more convenient and more quality life for them. —— On July 29, 2021, the Main Opinion of the State Council's Persons and Management of the State Council and the main arrangement of the "14th Five -Year Plan" disabled personally arranged for the press conference

Reporter's note

Beidou Seven Stars, once an important coordinate of the ancient Chinese in the long history. Today, the Beidou satellite navigation system has become a part of people's lives.

Two years ago, at the press conference of the State Council's News Office, Ran Chengqi, director of the Chinese Satellite Navigation System Management Office and a spokesman for Beidou Satellite Navigation System, was confident when answering my question.

"Beidou is a first -class system, we have this confidence." This is by no means arrogant. The confidence of the aerospace people who participated in the top -level design, engineering construction and organizational management of the Beidou satellite navigation system came from the technical accumulation of the Beidou team for many years.

From the domestic atomic bell to the star link, China's "Beidou" step by step overcoming various problems in the research and development process, from the "Double Star Positioning Communication System" to conceive the "Beidou No. 1" experimental system to the establishment of the "Beidou III" global satellite navigation system Chinese astronauts have created miracles in 37 years.

Today, Beidou is one of the world's four major global satellite navigation systems. In the recent interviews of reporters, many interviewees have taken the initiative to mention the application of the Beidou system in their respective fields. Xu Chun, then deputy director of the Maritime Bureau of the Ministry of Transport, told the cover journalist in 2019 that the application of Beidou satellite navigation technology has improved the positioning accuracy of the waters within 50 kilometers of my country's near -sea to centimeter.

Zhang Haidi, chairman of the China Disabled Persons' Federation, also took the initiative to throw "olive branches" to Beidou. At a press conference of the National Office of 2021, she told the cover journalist that it was recommended to use the Beidou navigation system to open the channel to help the blind people provide navigation services. Fundamentally solve the problem of blind travel and life difficulty.

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