From the Liaoning ship to the Fujian ship, how far is China from 100,000 tons of nuclear -powered aircraft carriers?丨 Deep Analysis

On the morning of June 17, 2022, the naming ceremony of the third aircraft carrier in China was held at Jiangnan Shipyard, China Shipbuilding Group Co., Ltd., and was approved by the Central Military Commission. For "18". So far, the Chinese Navy has officially entered the era of the three aircraft carriers.

The Fujian ship is the first ejection aircraft carrier that China is completely independently designed and constructed. It uses a flat and long flight deck, equipped with electromagnetic ejection and blocking device. It is full of more than 80,000 tons. The advent of Fujian marks great progress in the construction and design of domestic aircraft carriers and enter the development path of domestic aircraft carriers with Chinese characteristics.

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The Fujian ship adopts a straight deck design, equipped with electromagnetic ejection and blocking device, becoming the biggest focus.

The black operating shed in the orbit position of the Fujian ship is equipped with an electromagnetic projectile in the black working shed. Because the electromagnetic equipment is very sensitive, it must be ensured from the initial installation to ensure the dehumidification environment, from the construction to the lavage, to the load, unless the electromagnetic ejaculation, unless the electromagnetic ejaculation, unless the electromagnetic ejaculation, unless electromagnetic ejaculation, After the construction and commissioning of the device, the black working sheds that protect the nature will always exist.

The take -off method of carrier carrier aircraft is divided into two categories: skating take -off and ejection take -off. Choose different carrier -based aircraft and corresponding take -off and landing methods to largely determine the combat effectiveness of the carrier.

The advantage of the slip -type take -off is to reduce the maintenance costs of aircraft carrier and simplify the structure of the aircraft carrier. However, the disadvantage is that it will limit the weight of the fighter's take -off, leading to the fighter's combat radius, stagnation time and weapon carrying volume. At the same time, special aircraft, including early warning aircraft, cannot take off using the skidial deck, causing the aircraft carrier to lose long -distance air warning detection capabilities during the long sea of ​​war.

Liaoning ships and Shandong ships took off with skids, and they could only take off and land on a carrier -based aircraft at a time. This requires the line -up aircraft to take off and lined up. After the carrier -based aircraft takes off, it is necessary to wait in the air. After all the formations are released, they can formally fight for formation. When they come back, a formation will come back together. It also has to queue up and land.

The Fujian ship equipped with three sets of electromagnetic projectiles can fly three carrier -based aircraft at a time. The air formation can quickly complete the assembly, which greatly improves the efficiency of war. Compared with the Liaoning ship and the Shandong ship, the carrier -based aircraft of the Fujian ship is more efficient. The fighter can take off with fuel and ammunition, which directly improves the combat capabilities of the fighter. At the same time, the ejection take -off can also allow the aircraft carrier to have the ability to carry a fixed -wing carrier -based early warning aircraft, thereby improving the aircraft carrier's early warning detection and command dispatch capabilities.

There are currently two systems of ejection take -off, one is the steam ejection system, and the other is a more advanced electromagnetic ejection system. The steam ejection system needs to be equipped with huge boilers and a large amount of fresh water, and puts forward very high requirements for hull designers, hull structure strength, and maintenance personnel capabilities.

Electromagnetic rebounders have great advantages over steam projectiles. They can perform digital management and monitoring, low weights and capacity of ship loading, and relatively easy maintenance. In addition, the electromagnetic population can also easily control the ejection force, as large as transport aircraft and early warning aircraft, and the small models of the drone can take off from the aircraft carrier by ejection, making the aircraft carrier's combat mode more flexible.

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China had previously trained on land, testing the reliability and safety of electromagnetic ejection devices. The principles of electromagnetic jets are not complicated, but it is very difficult to make. In order to allow the 2030 tons of carrier -based aircraft to reach the high speed required for take -off in just dozens of meters, the instantaneous power of the electromagnetic rebounder can reach tens of thousands of kW, which is far beyond the general battery. The discharge ability.

Most of the core technologies of electromagnetic jets are related to the civil market, especially high -speed railways, such as flywheel energy storage, linear motor, power control, etc. This is exactly the field of China very good at. The important reason for the smooth assembly of domestic electromagnetic shot.

In 2017, there were three major incidents in the Chinese Navy. The first Chinese domestic aircraft carrier Shandong ship was launched. The first large destroyer of 0.55 million tons was launched. The Navy R & D team completed the development of the DC comprehensive power system.

The completion of the Shandong ship's completion represents China. The emergence of a large -scale destroyer of 0.55 million tons means that the Chinese Navy's Aircraft Carrier Fleet has a powerful frigates. The completion of the research work of the medium -voltage DC comprehensive power system marks that China has finally overtaken, which solves the biggest problem faced by the construction of new aircraft carriers to continue to advance, that is, the reliable power supply system necessary for electromagnetic projectile operations.

Military commentator Song Zhongping:

Because China did not have an aircraft carrier before the Liaoning ship, we transformed Warkeg into a Liaoning ship, which also took a lot of cycles. After the Liaoning ship was transformed, we also made a touches on the construction of the aircraft carrier. When the Shandong ship is relatively faster.

Shandong ships and Liaoning ships, we can understand it as sisters, they have a certain technical correlation. So as the third ship, this is not the case. It is a straight deck. It uses too many new technologies in it before, so this technical path needs to be continuously worked through its own efforts to finally achieve it. In fact, there are many things that need to be re -assault.

Through the accumulation of technical experience in the Shandong ship, the development of the 055 large -scale destroyer solved the defense problem of the aircraft carrier fleet, and overcome the comprehensive power system of the Central Volume DC. The construction method of Fujian ship segmental assembly method has put forward high requirements for the structure strength design and material strength of the hull. Data show that the size of the Fujian ship is about 320 ~ 330 meters long, 73 ~ 80 meters wide, and the deck area is about 19,500 square meters, and the tonnage is about 85 to 100,000 tons.

Military commentator Song Zhongping:

The Fujian ship belongs to a heavy aircraft carrier. Its full -load displacement should be more than 80,000 tons and 90,000 tons, so it is a heavy aircraft carrier with a stronger endurance and a larger number of carriers. Waiting will be bigger. In this way, the combat capabilities of the entire aircraft carrier will be stronger, which is not available before.

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The development history of 80,000 tons and more tonnage aircraft carriers has been more than 60 years. However, in such a long time, only the Soviet Union and the Chinese Navy tried to break through this field. This is not because other countries do not have similar ideas, but because they really cannot cross this threshold.

Throughout the history of global naval aircraft carriers, 40,000 tons and 60,000 tons are two obvious development nodes. For the vast majority of small and medium -sized countries, buying less than 40,000 tons of light aircraft carriers, and it is the limit to be able to use it normally. The transaction of 40,000 tons of medium -sized aircraft carriers is very rare, and its performance is the upper limit of the middle and strong navy, while the 60,000 tons are the peaks that most countries have exhausted technology and resources.

The 80,000-ton drainage of Fujian can be equipped with a variety of models of carrier-based aircraft, including the J-15T ejection type, the J-35 stealth carrier aircraft, the air police-600 early warning aircraft, and the attack-11 drone carrier version.

Military commentator Song Zhongping:

Now we use the air alarm 600 to do early warning aircraft. His warning radius and early warning capability can be said to be different compared to before. Including a helicopter above, the straight -20 is actually a good general platform. Whether it is rescue, warning, including other relay guidance, we can modify it with direct-20, and it will also allow us The echelon and carrier -based formations have greatly improved the overall combat effectiveness. The electromagnetic projectiles of the Fujian carrier, as well as the three major weapons of J-35, attack-11, and air police 600, will make the Fujian ship have unprecedented maritime combat capabilities.

Aircraft carriers are the embodiment of a national navy power and a symbol of comprehensive national strength. New China is deeply aware of the importance of establishing a powerful sea and air forces. In 1987, Liu Huaqing, commander of the Chinese Navy, reported on the equipment planning of the aircraft carrier to the General Staff of the Chinese People's Liberation Army. It plans to start demonstration from the "July Five", start research on the "8th Five -Year Plan", and conduct pre -research on key issues of platforms and aircraft.

In 1990, the bay crisis broke out. During the Gulf War, the United States dispatched a total of 6 aircraft carrier formations to launch a fierce air strike on Iraq.

Major General Xu Guangyu, Major General of the PLA:

This war is very interesting, and the entire war light and air strikes played for 42 days. The carrier carrier -based aircraft constantly attacked and consumed some of the heavy equipment on the ground in Iraq, including a large number of tank forces.

The new war state of the Gulf War has greatly stimulated the high levels of the PLA, and the long -term weak marine and air military power must be improved.

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From 1996 to 1998, China purchased two retired aircraft carriers from Russia in an unofficial name: "Kyiv" and "Minsk". These two 30,000 -ton Soviet aircraft carriers have also provided an important reference for China's aircraft carrier planning.

In the following 10 years, a large number of modern destroyers and frigates have successively joined the service. The aircraft carrier battle group has basically formed only the aircraft carrier. Only the aircraft carrier is still blank. In August 2004, the Chinese Navy officially launched an aircraft carrier construction plan, which is called the "048 project" outside the outside world. It is prepared to build two medium and two large -scale conventional power carriers in 20 years. The accident of the "Warkeg" in 1998 accelerated the plan.

Military commentator Li Li:

辽宁舰虽然是起自于“瓦良格”号，但是从瓦良格本身来讲，不仅是没有动力，甲板是锈蚀的，然里面所有的要素室是空的，没有雷达，没有探测器， So after so many things, they will have some interference and influence on each other, which are measured by us step by step. How to configure each element without any fixed experience. Therefore, after a long and difficult exploration, we finally matched it. With the appearance of our first aircraft carrier, it really made the aircraft carrier complex of the Chinese people very largely release and satisfied.

On September 25, 2012, China's first aircraft carrier completed the reconstruction and trial and officially delivered to the Navy, named the "Liaoning Ship of the Chinese People's Liberation Army", and the port number was "16". The list of Liaoning ships marks that China has completely changed the history of no aircraft carriers, and China enters the era of aircraft carriers.

Since 2016, the aircraft carrier formation with the Liaoning ship has been conducting practical training in the South China Sea, West Pacific and other waters. The way to explore and practice the application of the aircraft carrier formation farcers combat application also realizes the transformation from the experimental training platform to the preparation of war to fight the pioneer.

Li Jie, a PLA naval expert: China's new aircraft carrier should be said to be the first aircraft carrier in China that can perform combat missions. Through this Liaoning ship's experiments and training, our pilots will directly transition to the new aircraft carrier in the future, and they can form combat capabilities in a short period of time.

When performing combat mission away from the sea area far from the coast of China, if you only have one ship, it will be difficult for you to form more effective air control or sea power. If you have more than two ships, you can effectively seize local air control, or to make sea rights.

On May 13, 2018, the Shandong ship conducted the first sea test to detect the reliability of the aircraft carrier power system, and accepted the true test of the five -day marine environment. Later, the Shandong ship searched for loopholes in the sea test and continued to improve the entire aircraft carrier combat platform.

On December 17, 2019, a Shandong ship was held in a military port in Sanya, Hainan. The Shandong Ship is the first domestic aircraft carrier in China that is completely independent design, construction and supporting. With the approval of the Central Military Commission, it is named the Shandong ship of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, which is "17", marking the formal ushered in the era of domestic aircraft carriers.

From the proposal of the construction of aircraft carrier in 1987 to the development of the first domestic aircraft carrier, China took 30 years. From 2011, Chinese officials announced the renewal of an aircraft carrier, to the first domestic aircraft carrier in 2017, and then in 2022 Chinese domestic aircraft carrier technology breakthroughs, and the electromagnetic ejection technology began to use. It took a total of 11 years to take a total of 11 years.

In the case of two 60,000 tons of aircraft carriers in the Chinese Navy, the launch of the Fujian ship means that the Chinese Navy has officially entered the era of the three aircraft carriers. More importantly, the launch of the Fujian ship means that the Chinese shipbuilding industry has completely mastered the entire set of construction technologies of large aircraft carriers. It may only be the last step away from the real target ship 100,000 tons of nuclear -powered aircraft carriers.

The Fujian ship takes a period of time from the water to the service. In the future, there are a lot of work such as loading and sea trials. To form combat effectiveness, you must do step by step. Its launch is an important milestone of the Chinese Navy. When launching, a red banner hangs on its deck, saying the goal of "building a modern navy and a powerful army". Indeed, China is accumulating more experience for subsequent construction of nuclear -powered super carrier, and the Chinese Navy is steadily moving towards dark blue.

Director: Wei Wentingjiang

Edit: Wang Jinjie

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