Create a protective "armor" for China space station -the overall design department of the Fifth Hospital of Aerospace Technology Group

Today, the China Space Station has been running safely for more than a year, and has adopted a severe test of the harsh space environment. The overall design department of the hospital's space fragmentation protection design team. In the past 20 years, the team has created a solid protection "armor" through unremitting exploration and hard work, providing a strong spatial fragmentation protection capacity for the long -term operation of China Space Station.

The source of the "Space Fragment Action Plan"

The universe is endless, but the space rail resources are not unlimited. The most valuable earth orbit is mainly concentrated in the rail area below 2,000 kilometers, and it has also become a "distribution center" for space fragments.

Space fragmentation refers to the product of human space activity, including the rocket arrow body and satellite body of the task, the spraying object of the rocket, the abandoned objects in the process of performing the aerospace task, and the collision between the spatial objects. The main source of pollution.

"The manned spacecraft is a typical low -orbital spacecraft. The area of ​​the area where its orbit is located is relatively large. Due to the loss of the protection of the cabin, the harm of the fragments impact will be more serious, and even directly threatens the safety of the space staff. "Qu Guangji, a dynamic expert of the Fifth Hospital of Aerospace Science and Technology Group, introduced.

In 1993, the world's major aerospace countries initiated the establishment of an inter -space fragmentation coordination committee (IADC). The problem of spatial fragmentation officially entered the world of aerospace fields. In 2000, with the support of the State Finance, the National Defense Science and Technology Commission organized the implementation of the "Space Fragment Technology Research" project and formulated the "Space Fragment Action Plan".

From scratch, Tiangong No. 1 to stand the test of residence

Since 2002, experts such as Guangji, Yang Lei, and Yan Jun of the Fifth Hospital of Aerospace Science and Technology Group keenly noticed the importance of the field of space fragmentation to future manned aerospace, and quickly began to form a team, and gradually formed Aerospace Technology Yan Jun, deputy chief of the R & D of Dynamics of the Group of Five Hospital, has launched the technical force of the leader and the backbone of the old and middle -aged technical technical technical technical technology, and comprehensively launched the technical reserve process in the field of space fragmentation.

At that time, there were few people with space fragments protection concepts in China, and there were only a few related technical information. Therefore, at a weekly technical discussion, everyone spoke freely, shared the latest information, expressing their own feelings and confusion, and letting the sparks of thought burst out in the communication collision. In just a few years, the team has completed a series of related topic projects, breaking through a number of key technologies such as mathematical modeling, programming language development, and programming algorithm deduction. Acknowledge.

In 2005, at the time of the first design of Tiangong 1, the team repeatedly reported the harm and countermeasures of space fragments. After careful consideration, the chief commander and chief designer decided to take the lead in carrying out space fragments protection design on Tiangong -1, and designated all the work of the Tiangong No. 1 spatial fragmentation evaluation and protection design.

Facing the first engineering application of space fragments protection technology, team members, such as thin ice, have repeatedly asked the overall designer, structural designer, and thermal control designers to ask for and communicated to understand the overall and sub -system design needs. In order to minimize the weight as much as possible, they boldly proposed the idea of ​​using the radiator to take part in some protective functions, and make full use of the original radiator outside the cabin as the protective board. More than 3 times. At the same time, by changing the radiator pipeline to the internal design, the probability of single -point failure of the radiator pipeline is significantly reduced. According to Yang Lei, the head of the new spacecraft test ship of the Fifth Hospital of Aerospace Science and Technology Group, the protection design of Tiangong -1 "perfectly combines the principles such as simple, economical, and reliable in the project and the simple, economical, and reliable in the project."

On September 29, 2011, Tiangong -1 was successfully launched. As the first spacecraft in my country to use spatial fragments protection design, Tiangong -1 has been tested by the spatial fragmentation environment for four and a half years, indicating that my country's spatial fragmentation protection technology has made a major breakthrough.

The new process of protecting design is fully launched

When the practice of protecting engineering No. 1 was about to end, the team began to focus on the third phase of my country's manned aerospace project. For the longer track time, larger assembly scale, and more demand for protection in the space station, the protection has been launched. Design a new process.

With the purpose of autonomy and controllable and sustainable development, they proposed the research and development principles of "materials based on domestic and indicators", and determined the development of composite materials with more advanced development performance.

The first level must be overcome the material issues. "We have put forward the 'evaluation method based on impact pressure based on impact pressure', quantitative assessment materials protection performance, and screening two kinds of materials with protective potential from dozens of composite materials in China. The subsequent impact tests are completely consistent with the results of the previous evaluation. "Yan Jun said.

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