Coordinates China | How difficult is it?
Author:State -owned Assets Xiaoxin Time:2022.09.14
Xiaoxin said
In the past ten years, a series of heavy weapons and super engineering created by central enterprises have engraved new coordinates of national development from different dimensions. On September 12th, the online theme promotion of "our ten years@coordinates China" was officially launched. Over the major achievements of representative infrastructure construction and scientific and technological innovation, it shows the courage, courage and wisdom of challenging the limits and challenging the limit.
The world's longest cross -sea bridge, the world's longest public railway dual -use cross -sea bridge, the world's largest span -crossing cross -strait railway two -use cable bridge, and the world's highest navigation and air -crossing bridge are all in China. They spans across China. The vast bay and the strait form a "sea road". Today, Xiaoxin brings you the second issue of the "coordinate China" series theme film, "China Surgery" "Capital".
have you seen
Is it on the sea?
They are a super bridge that leaps in the sea
The length can reach tens of kilometers
Even a hundred miles
Just jump
You can span the vast bay and the strait
The Hong Kong -Zhuhai -Macao Bridge with a total length of 55km adopts a leaping method combined with bridges and tunnels. In the future, it will also build a large mileage of a large mileage of a large mileage in Hangzhou Bay.
In China
This kind of sea sky
It was played to the extreme
The world's longest cross -sea bridge
The world's longest public iron two -purpose cross -sea bridge
The world's largest span cross -strait public iron dual -use cable bridge
The world's highest air -crossing bridge
All in China
The deep and middle channels in construction, here the world's largest span -in -sea steel box beam suspension bridge.
Those seas that used to be unable to cross
Jiaozhou Bay, about 28km wide
Linglongyang with a width of about 65km
Hangzhou Bay, about 100km wide
They are all connected by such sea sky roads
Really changing from Tianyu
The photo of the Qingzhou Channel Bridge and the cargo ship and aircraft. Photographer@
So
How are we on the vast sea
Are these super engineering?
What did they bring us?
How difficult is it?
Click to watch the video
China is a marine country
32,000 kilometers of long coastline
There is a different place
——The composition of Zhoushan City, Zhejiang Province is not a continuous land.
It is 1390 islands
Known as the Zhoushan Islands
As the largest islands in China
The transportation method here is bound to be different
Xizhenmen Bridge
From the moment the completion
Is the largest span bridge in China
And maintain this record for up to 10 years
But when we look down in a wider field of vision
I will find that even such length
It is just 1/30 of the full length of the entire Zhoushan cross -sea bridge
Including the Zhoushan cross -sea bridge with a total length of nearly 50 kilometers
China's waters
There are more than ten bridges with a total length of more than 10 kilometers
They
All for the same mission
——The cross the sea
However, it is easy to talk about crossing the sea
Part1
Super bridge
2001
The opening of the Cengang Bridge
It marks the beginning of the Zhoushan Islands and the mainland
This bridge consists of reinforced concrete
The beam body is placed in the pre -stretched steel twisted wire
Undertake the load of the bridge deck with the concrete that wraps it
Let the bridge have a greater leapfrog ability
A single span reaches 50 meters
After two years
Not far from the reef gates bridge
This is even more in one fell swoop to 150 meters
But this span is not enough
The cross -sea bridge is also facing an important question:
Navigation
Single span -span 150 -meter ringing reef gate bridge
It can only meet the 500 -ton vessels pass
However, facing the largest port of global cargo throughput
——Ningbo -Zhoushan Port
Cross -sea bridge connecting the Zhoushan Islands and the mainland
Must be on the dense channel
Leave enough space for passing vessels
Build a larger span and higher bridge
It is also an inevitable trend
Jinsang Bridge
With a large span of 620 meters
Pass by one span from an important waterway at the sea
Under the bridge is enough to pass 50,000 tons of freighters
And the secret of implementing such a large span
Just in these two bridge towers equivalent to 70 floors
And 168 tilted steel cables
These steel cables hold the beam tightly
The gravity of the beam body is cleverly passed to the solid bridge tower
So the name of the Cold Bridge
Its special form has a strong wind resistance ability
So on the vast majority of cross -sea bridge
You can see it
certainly
This type of bridge is not a panacea
If the underwater terrain is more complicated
The span of hundreds of meters cannot cross the rapid flow vortex, etc.
It is bound to have a bridge with greater leapfrog capabilities
—— suspension bridge
This kind of suspension bridge of Xizhenmen Bridge
Two main cables with a diameter of about 0.86 meters
Carrying a huge beam
With a span of 1650 meters
One time spans the turbulent dangerous water channel
then
Cengang Bridge, Xiangjiao Gate Bridge, Taoyaomen Bridge,
The connection section between Xizhenmen Bridge, Jinsang Bridge and them
Together, the Zhoushan cross -sea bridge
It is such a bridge
Let Ningbo and Zhoushan cities
It is connected to each other through a sea highway
But truly cross the sea
It's not enough to rely on a bridge
We also need a super combination
Part2
Super combination
The Hong Kong -Zhuhai -Macao Bridge, which was opened to traffic in 2018
55 kilometers in length
As the longest cross -sea bridge in the world
In Lingshengyang Sea
It connects Hong Kong, Zhuhai and Macau with its own power
When we look at these 55 kilometers
Will find that it is a veritable super combination
In areas where no ship passs
Liangqiao with different spans
Wind flowing along the water
Take the mission of connecting
In areas with vessels pass
Add three cable bridges:
Kyushu Channel Bridge
Bridge tower shape like sail
The meaning "sailing and voyage"
Jianghai direct shipwalk bridge
The bridge tower jumps like a dolphin
The meaning "man and nature"
Qingzhou Channel Bridge
Bridge tower like China
The meaning "three places concentric"
But as the busiest area in the world
There are more than 4,000 vessels in the Lingshengyang waters daily
It also faces a super large freighter pass of up to 300,000 tons
Far -beyond the scale that conventional bridges can bear
at the same time
The long -term Lingye Ocean Way is weak
Easy to deposit and sediment
The dense bridge pier will hinder the current
It is undoubtedly worse than snow
Therefore, the combination of the bridge alone
Can't meet such rigorous conditions
So, a super group debut
That is the bridge plus tunnel
Bridge along the way
And gradually extend below the sea
And the bridge disappears
Section 33 giant pipeline
Putting it to the sea by section
Until it is connected to a 6.7 -kilometer submarine tunnel
Not only did they leave enough wide sea surface
It also greatly reduces the entire project's hindrance to water flow
Followed on the artificial island on both sides
The underwater tunnel is also cleverly completed
Excessive conversion with sea bridges
It is such a combination
Let this world's longest cross -sea bridge
Become a real "sea of sea"
today
This super combination will create a new miracle
This is the same crossed Lingyangyang
Connecting Shenzhen and Zhongshan City, Guangdong and Zhongshan City
This 270 -meter -high bridge tower
Together with Shenzhen's skyscrapers in a row
Moderate with the new urban skyline
It will also support
Lingyang Yang Bridge with a span of 1666 meters
Become the largest span bridge in China
the other side
The widest giant sinking pipe in the world can reach 80,000 tons
Its displacement even far exceeds the full -load Shandong ship carrier
They will be by a unique ship
Freight to the specified location for sinking
Formed the world's unique two -way eight -lane submarine tunnel
With the assistance of the Beidou satellite navigation system
The huge sinking tube of about 165 meters long
It can ensure the installation positioning accuracy of millimeter level
However
Whether it is a magnificent super bridge
Still a huge super combination
True difficulty in crossing the sea
It's not just a breakthrough of span and length
But how to deal with the challenges from the ocean itself
Part3
Super challenge
in China
The largest wind is not the big northwest of our impression
It is in the southeast coastal area
Especially in Pingtan County, Fujian Province
There are more than 300 days a year, which is more than 6 or more windy weather
Catched in the world's three major air outlets
The strong sea breeze brings huge waves
Therefore, here is once considered to be the restricted area of the bridge
but now
Here is the first seat in our country
It is also the longest in the world
At the same time, the cross -sea bridge of the highway and the railway
—— Pingtan Straits Gongtai Bridge
How does it overcome the windy waves at sea?
First, it has enough weight
Bridge with enough stiffness
The amount of concrete of the whole bridge
Enough to build 4 National Grand Theaters
Facing such a huge bridge
The general wind and waves seem to be inseparable
At the same time, the damping device spread all over the bridge is buffered
It can also be absorbed and consumed to the greatest extent
The impact of natural disasters such as typhoons and tsunami
Not only that to avoid heavy winds
Some beams of this bridge
It will also complete production in advance in the factory
Luck to the scene for assembly
As a result, the time to shorten the construction at sea
For example, huge steel truss components
The maximum weight can reach 3400 tons
They are set up from large -scale floating cranes with nearly 40 floors
It is equivalent to hanging more than 2,000 cars at a time
Anti -collision box used to resist ship impact
During the construction process
It is also intelligently used by the construction staff as a temporary construction platform
As a result, the use efficiency of bridge components
Of course, the challenge of the ocean
From the water surface
The strength of the underwater strata here is extremely high
And there is almost no sediment coverage
Under such conditions
How can we make a bridge
What about "inserting" the naked and hard sea bed?
Want to stand here
We must find a way to penetrate the hard strata of the sea
To this end, my country has developed a giant rig weighing 344 tons
It can be in the hard rock formation
Drilling huge holes with a diameter of 5 meters
Subsequently, 18 diameter 4.5 meters
The 60 -meter giant pile foundation will penetrate deep into the hole
Form the foundation of a deep -rooted bridge tower
Have such a huge foundation
The bridge pier and bridge tower can take root here
Therefore, support the bridge steadily and standing in the wind and waves
In fact
Not only the strong wind and strong waves and complex terrain geology
Deep water, ocean flow, tide, ship impact
Even high salt, high humidity air, etc.
All affect the life of the bridge
Coupled with the impact on aviation lines
Governance of sediment problems
Protection of marine ecology and so on
A few kilometers
Even a bridge of tens of kilometers
Want to stand in the sea
The builders need to use wisdom and creation
Conquest these challenges one by one
Why is this
The 16 -kilometer Pingtan Strait Gongtie Bridge was built
More than 5,000 builders have used 7 years
Build a 24 -kilometer -long deep middle channel
More than 10,000 builders will take 8 years
Behind the 55 -kilometer -long Hong Kong -Zhuhai -Macao Bridge
From planning construction to opening to traffic
More than 20,000 builders
Fighting for 15 years
So since it is so difficult to build
The construction process is so long
Why do we have to do it again and again
Do you want to cross the sea?
The answer is actually very simple
When we overlook Lingyangyang
Humen Bridge, Hong Kong -Zhuhai -Macao Bridge, Shenzhen Middle Channel
Three almost parallel bridges
The Guangdong -Hong Kong -Macao Greater Bay Area is connected as one
In the future, a large channel of Shanghai boat crossing the sea
Will directly connect to Shanghai and Zhoushan
It will form a closed loop with a crowd of cross -sea bridge
Integrate the entire Hangzhou Bay as one
These super projects
Break through the endless sea
Eventually it became a solid road under our feet
Set on this one -sea sky road
We are not just the sea
Go to a common future
Creation team in this article
Written article: Director Ding Ding
Picture: Thanksgiving Heart Design: Yang Ning
Council: Kunka
Cover photographer: Ma Honghai Huang Kunzhen
Poster photographer: Xu Peng Zhu Qingxiang Ren Yuhao
Do you want to know which new era coordinates?
The comment area tells us ~
Please continue to pay attention to "coordinate China",
The next issue is equally wonderful!
The next preview
The third issue of the theme film of "Coordinates China" series
China's "Crossing Qionghai" will be launched
Stay tuned!
- END -
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