This technology helps astronauts "walking"

Recently, Chen Dong and Liu Yang, Shenzhou 14, wore the space uniforms of the cabin. With the support of the astronaut Cai Xuzhe and the ground staff, they successfully completed the cabin out of the cabin for about 6 hours. The space service of the cabin is a necessary support equipment for the astronauts out of the cabin. For the demand for the space station mission departure activities, the new generation of "flying" off -space clothes independently developed by my country has been in service. convoy. We know that the off -cabin aerospace clothing can be regarded as a special manned spacecraft, so in the several -hour outlet activities, the aerospace officer's carbon dioxide generated by breathing (CO₂) in the closed environment of the off -cabinet aerospace clothing (CO₂) What should I do?

During the off -cabin activities, in order to ensure safety, health, and efficiently completing the task, a portable life support system (PLSS, an outside space service environmental control system) must be used to continuously clear the CO₂ generated by the aerospace metabolism, so as Its concentration is controlled within a harmless range to the human body. The portable life support system is generally installed in the backpack structure, and at the same time, it integrates products that include major functional modules including gas supply pressure regulation, ventilation purification, temperature and humidity control. There are many requirements. The choice of CO 的 Clear device mainly depends on the type of outlet mission, the time, frequency and outlet environment.

Backpack portable life support system

CO₂ clearance technology based on lithium hydroxide (LiOH)

my country's "Flying" cabin has a non -repeated lithium hydroxide (LiOH) as an adsorbent to remove CO₂. By suppressing LiOH's patent cakes, the LiOH absorbing tank can greatly reduce the breathing resistance during the off -space offices of the space staff while ensuring higher absorption efficiency and extend the time of the off -cabin.

Astronaut in the "Flying" cabin outside the space service to carry out off -cabin activities

The development of CO o 基 based on LiOH has been very mature. Although it needs to be replaced and supplemented after each time the outlet event is completed, for the general short -term outlet task, its equipment operation is simple and the function is reliable. system.

Since the Apollo series of Monthly in the late 1960s, this technology has adopted this technology. However, due to the non -renewable adsorption and single function, and consumable resources require ground transportation supply, which increases the difficulty of affordable. Therefore, for the long -term and frequent off -cabin activities and deep -space detection tasks in the future, the recycled CO₂ clearance technology needs to be applied.

CO₂ removal technology based on metal oxides

Research and application of regenerative CO 生 clearance technology is the key to long -term and frequent off -departments and deep -space detection tasks for the future. For example, the CO₂ removal technology based on alkaline metal oxides is verified, and silver oxide is generally used as an adsorbent. In this reaction, CO 与 will not directly respond to the metal oxide. Only when the water vapor reacts with oxide to generate OH-, the reaction will occur. In the end, CO and silver oxide react under low temperature conditions to generate carbonated silver solid powder. The removal device consists of two parts: metal oxide adsorption tank and regenerator. The astronauts are over at the outside of the cabin. After returning to the space station, they can use a regenerator to reuse the adsorbent.

Although metal oxide cans can be reused, the recovery price is large. Compared with the LiH absorbing tank, the quality of the cann itself and the recycling device is relatively large. The outlet time is also limited by the number of carried adsorbents, and the recovery process is huge.

Quick circulating amine technology

To this end, researchers are also exploring a high -performance, regenerative technology -fast circulating amine technology. Fast circulators use solid amine as adsorption agents, and use solid amine adsorption to remove CO₂ and water vapor at the same time. When solid amine is adsorbed saturated, it exposes it to the vacuum, destroys the chemical bonds of bicarbonate, and releases CO₂ to complete the regeneration.

Compared with metal oxide CO氧 remove system, its equipment quality and volume are lower; adsorbents can regenerate in real time, and there is no need to install large -scale high -energy renewable equipment at the space station, which can greatly reduce the launch cost and energy consumption of the space station; there is no limit to the use time. It greatly improves the endurance time of off -cabin space service, providing sufficient time guarantee for future outlet mission planning, oxygen -absorbing nitrogen discharge time arrangement before out of the cabin.

Because the regeneration device of the system equipment must be integrated in a portable biochemical backpack, it puts forward higher requirements for the design of ventilation purification pipelines. The technology will be applied to the XEMU moon landing space service used by NASA to return to the moon task.

System equipment regeneration device is integrated in portable biological backpacks

The CO 能力 Clear Clear Clear Clear Cable is one of the main constraints for spacemen to conduct off -cabin activities. In the near future, the Chinese people's explorations will move towards the moon and farther deep space. The project will continue to obtain technological breakthroughs to help astronauts "walk". (China Manned Aerospace)

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