[Anti -Japanese War Memorial Day album] During the War of Resistance Against Japan, Japan's big bombing against Sichuan -Chongqing ‖ Hu Plain

During the Anti -Japanese War, Japan's bombing of Sichuan -Chongqing

Hu Pingyuan

Sichuan refers to Chongqing area, Chongqing. After the Anti -Japanese War entered the phase of the anti -Japanese war in 1938, the Japanese invaders adjusted the anti -China combat policy, stopped the large -scale military offensive of various parts of China, and transformed into a large and medium -cities in mainland China. At that time, Sichuan -Chongqing was the big rear of the Anti -Japanese War, so it became an important goal of the Japanese invaders' aircraft bombing. Since February 19, 1938, Japanese invaders have bombed Sichuan and Chongqing.

Japanese aircraft bombed Sichuan and Chongqing

Daily plane bombard the two routes of Sichuan and Chongqing

The Japanese aircraft bombarded the air strikes in Sichuan and Chongqing, which is about two routes.

East Road: Take off from Wuhan. First of all, the Wanxian County in the east of Sichuan was air strikes; then, along the Changjiang West, the air strike Zhongxian, Fengdu, Fuling, Changshou, and direct to Chongqing. You can also pass through the five peaks and phoenixes, and then attack Qianjiang, Peng Shui, Nanchuan, Lajiang, Jiangjin; and from Jiangjin to the river, air strikes in Luxian County, Naxi, Yibin, Leshan; Air strike Fushun, Zigong, Neijiang; west of Wanxian, air strikes in Liangshan, Qu County, Guang'an, Hechuan, Suining, and then reached the Chengdu. In addition, it can be traced back to Jiangxi along Yichang to attack Wushan, Fengjie, Yunyang and other areas.

West Road route: Take off from Yuncheng, passing through Zhengnan, south of Shaanxi, entering Sichuan and Chongqing, along the Nanjiang, Pakistani, and folding west, and air strikes in the middle, south, Nanchong and other places. Or it will reach Guangyuan, Ziyi, and Mianyang along the Sichuan -Shaanxi Highway. The Japanese invaders and the Air Force were mainly taken off by Yichang and directly attacked Chongqing; or Wanxian Flying West, and rushed directly to Chengdu.

When the Japanese aircraft attacked the Sichuan -Chongfei -East Road route. The main tasks of bombing Sichuan -Chongqing are the Japanese Army Aviation and Navy Aviation. The target of the bombing is mainly concentrated in the political, economic, and commercial centers of Sichuan and Chongqing, as well as the main traffic channels, military bases, air airports, and even the main residential areas of civilians, various schools, hospitals, foreign ambassadors, foreign churches, etc. Military zone.

Two stages of daily machine bombing Sichuan and Chongqing

The first stage: that is, the large -scale strategic bombing stage (1938-1941)

At this stage, the main features are the frequency of daily aircraft bombing, high strength, and great destructiveness. Due to the disparity of the Japanese Air Force forces at this stage, the Japanese Army had 1156 combat aircraft in 1937 and 1045 combat aircraft of the Navy aviation. The Chinese Air Force had only 314 aircraft in 1937 and 65 in 1940. The Japanese army used its absolute advantages to implement tactics such as "high -density bombardment", "fatigue bombing", "moonlight bombing", "unlimited bombing" and other tactics. The Japanese invaders have also formulated the "No. 101" combat plan for bombing Chongqing and Chengdu, the bombing of the "No. 102" combat plan of Sichuan Ziguai (Zigong City) and the salt manufacturers in various places. "No. 101" is the first largest and longest strategic bombing plan in the world's military history. According to the statistics of archives, from February 1938 to the end of 1941, the Japanese army dispatched a total of 7,444 aircraft to bomb Sichuan and Chongqing, with 25,788 bombs. Among them, in 1939, a total of 126 batches of 913 were dispatched and 5743 were shot. In 1940, a total of 146 batches of 4667 were dispatched and 13,495 bombs were shot.

The second stage: sporadic bombing phase (1942-1944)

The main feature of this stage is that the number of Japanese bombers has decreased significantly, the intensity is weakened, the number of times is reduced, and the destructive decreases. Japanese troops attempted to bombard the airports in all parts of Sichuan and Chongqing to prevent China -US aircraft from using Sichuan -Chongqing airport to bomb Japan. Due to the outbreak of the Pacific War, Japan was unable to concentrate on a large -scale bombing of Sichuan. At the same time, the Chinese Air Force forces have strengthened the bombing of the Japanese army.

In July 1941, the National Government officially established an American pilot volunteer team, the Flying Tigers. Chen Nade is the commander and has 125 P40 fighters.

On July 4, 1942, the Chinese Air Force's Volunteer Team officially compiled the Tenth Seding Brigade of the Tenth Airlines Team in the United States, namely the US Air Force in China.

In March 1943, the Fourteenth Aviation Team was established as commander. The Chinese Air Force has gradually obtained air control. By the summer of 1944, China and the United States have risen to 667, while there are only 220 Japanese aircraft. The proportion of the two sides was 3: 1. In 1942 and 1943 East area.

On the evening of December 18, 1944, several Japanese aircraft invaded Liangshan, Wanxian and Chengdu and other places to cast bomb. Since then, the bombing of Sichuan and Chongqing has basically ended. According to historical data statistics, in 1943, the Japanese aircraft bombed a total of 236 Sichuan -Chongqing and 563 bombs. In 1944, a total of 475 bombs were shot.

Japanese machine bombing the Anti -Japanese War Boat Center Chongqing

On February 16, 1938, Japan made a decision to "seize air offensive operations on mainland China". Since then, in order to destroy China's anti -Japanese war center and defeat the will of the Chinese people's anti -Japanese war, Chongqing has become the main goal of Japanese aviation operations. Any government, schools, banks, factories, associations, as well as the embassies of the British, Soviet, German, French embassies, consulates, foreign news agencies, and foreigners' residences, all of which have been bombarded by Japanese planes without exception. This is part of the statistics of the daily machine bombing in Chongqing.

On February 19, 1938, the Japanese aircraft bombed Chongqing for the first time, 15 people and wounded 15 people, and Chongqing Guangba Airport was blown up.

On October 18, 1938, Japanese aircraft bombed Chongqing. Due to too many people, there were countless deaths and injuries. On January 7, 1939, Japanese aircraft bombed Chongqing, 124 military and civilians died, 168 disabled, and destroyed countless houses.

On January 15, 1939, Japanese aircraft bombed more than 300 people and wounded in Chongqing, destroying countless houses.

On May 3, 1939, Japanese aircraft bombed the city of Chongqing, and more than 1,000 residents were killed and injured, destroying countless houses.

The situation of the Japanese machine bombing in Chongqing

On May 4, 1939, the Japanese aircraft bombed Chongqing City, Dudou Street and Chaijia Lane caught fire. Two streets were destroyed in war, residents died more than 2,000 people, more than 3,000 disabled, houses destroyed 1,200 houses, and the embassies in Chongqing in Chongqing. Destroyed, countless injuries.

On June 9, 1939, Japanese aircraft bombed Chongqing, and there were countless residents.

On July 6, 1939, Japanese aircraft bombed Chongqing, and there were countless residents.

On August 28, 1939, the Japanese aircraft attacked Chongqing at night, and the residents were killed and injured.

On September 3, 1939, Japanese aircraft bombed Chongqing, and there were countless residents.

On April 25, 1939, Japanese aircraft bombed Chongqing Airport to build countless migrant workers in the airport.

On May 20th, 22nd, 26th, 28th, 29th, and 30th, 1940, Japanese aircraft bombarded the city of Chongqing in a row, and there were countless deaths and injuries, and the urban area became a ruins.

June 6, 10, 11, 12, 16, 25, 26, and 28, 1940, Japanese aircraft continued to bomb Chongqing urban areas. Foreign embassies were destroyed.

On April 16, 1940, the Japanese aircraft attacked the internal relocation university in Chongqing, and the students and teachers were countless.

On July 22, 1940, Japanese aircraft bombed Chongqing, Hechuan, Tongliang and other counties.

On August 3, 1940, Japanese aircraft bombed Hechuan and other places in Chongqing City, and residents were killed and injured.

On August 9, 1940, Japanese aircraft bombed Chongqing Chaotianmen Pier and other urban areas, causing countless residents and workers.

On August 23, 1940, Japanese aircraft bombed the city of Chongqing, and there were countless residents and injuries.

On September 13th and 15th, 1940, Japanese aircraft bombed Chongqing and airports. There were countless residents and injuries, causing major losses in Chinese aircraft.

On October 17th and 25th, 1940, Japanese aircraft bombed the Chongqing water port, causing major losses in Chinese civilian ships and countless shipwriters.

On May 2, 7, 7, 12, and 26, 1941, Japanese aircraft bombed Chongqing Power Station and urban areas.

On June 1st, 5th, 15th, and 29th, 1941, Japanese aircraft bombed Chongqing civilian facilities. Due to too many personnel in the air -raid cave, 992 residents who were hiding in the air prevention cave suffocated 992 people and hundreds of disability.

On July 4th, 10th, and 28th, 1941, Japanese aircraft bombed Chongqing, Chengdu, Zigong, Luzhou and other places. There were countless residents and injuries, and the house was damaged.

From August 7th to 13th, 1941, Japanese aircraft bombed each of Chongqing for 6 hours. The bombing objects include private houses, schools, power stations, air -raid caves and other facilities, causing many air -raid caves to collapse, which occurs.

On August 19, 1941, the Japanese aircraft bombed Chongqing air prevention cave, causing 130 people to die and 180 people seriously injured.

On August 22, 30, and 31, 1941, Japanese aircraft bombed Chongqing, Chengdu and other places, causing major civilian casualties ...

On December 8, 1941, the Chongqing Air Defense Command announced that Japanese aircraft had bombarded hundreds of times in Chongqing, with 9,218 deaths, and 13,908 disability, accounting for 41%of Sichuan being bombed and injured. The losses of house facilities are huge. During the 6 years and 10 months of the Japanese bombing Chongqing, a large -scale continued bombing for 3 years, from 1939 to 1941. Since May 1939, the Japanese army began to implement large -scale unlimited bombing in Chongqing and its surrounding areas, and concentrated bombardment of politics, military facilities and bustling urban areas. In the bombing of "May, Three and May 4th", the Japanese aircraft cast 176 bombs and 116 burning bombs in the densely populated urban center area. The number of people reached 32,829. More than 10 major streets in the urban area were bombed into ruins, dozens of streets in the streets were on fire, and the fire burned for nearly 3 days before being extinguished. There are scorched soil fireworks everywhere, dead corpses, and even broken arms on the branches.

There are many parts of the ruins in many parts of Chongqing, full of soreness and terrible. The long time and extensive scope of Chongqing, the deepening of the disaster caused by the people of Chongqing, has set a new record in the history of the entire human war during World War II. The "Chongqing Bombing" is the same as that of the "Seven Seven Luligou Bridge Incidents", "Nanjing Massacre" and "Bacteria War of the Seventh and Three Troops", which has caused painful sacrifice and huge losses to the Chinese nation. According to incomplete statistics, from the end of 1938 to August 1943, the Japanese aircraft attacked 218 times in Chongqing, and 9513 aircraft were dispatched, 11,889 citizens were killed, 1,4100 were injured, and 17,608 houses were burned.

Daily plane bombard in Chengdu, Sichuan Province

Chengdu is also the main goal of Japanese machine bombing. The degree of Japanese aircraft bombing is second only to Chongqing. The Japanese aircraft bombed in Chengdu for 6 years, and was bombed 24 times by Japanese planes. On November 8, 1938, 18 Japanese aircraft invaded Chengdu Sky and conducted a first tentative bombing. In 1939, the Japanese aircraft bombed Chengdu 4 times before and after, of which the losses caused by the bombing on June 11 were the most severe. The Japanese army dispatched 27 aircraft, throwing bombs and burning bombs over the Chengdu area. This is the first time Chengdu has suffered the most violent bombing of Japanese planes. In October 1940, a total of 5 daily aircraft bombed Chengdu. The Japanese army successively dispatched 154 planes, bombarded Chengdu City, and killed hundreds of residents. Among them, on October 27th, the most fiercely, daily machines in two batches in total, bombarded Shaocheng Park and its nearby and imperial city area. More than 100 bombs were cast, more than 400 houses were destroyed, dozens of deaths were killed. The Civil Education Museum, Fu Cheng Memorial Hospital and Wang Mingzhang were blown up, and several of them played in the generals. In 1941, the Japanese army dispatched more than 300 planes and bombed Chengdu 8 times. Among them, the bombing was the most fierce on July 27. This time, there were four batches of the machine, each with 27 sets, a total of 108, and the bombing Chengdu. A total of more than 320 bombs were shot in the urban and suburbs, 574 citizens were killed, 573 were injured, and more than 2470 houses were damaged. The most serious bombing is the Temple Street Street in the city, the inside and outside the Shaocheng Park, the area of ​​Yanshikou, and the southern section of Chunxi Road. Outside the city is the area around the river and the left and right sides of the New South Gate and the New East Gate. The disaster was very serious. According to historical records, this was the most powerful time in Chengdu being bombed by Japanese aircraft during the Anti -Japanese War.

The huge loss caused by the Japanese aircraft bombing Sichuan and Chongqing to the people

1. Scrime.

据川渝档案馆保存的档案资料不完全统计，日机对重庆、成都、合川、梁山、内江、富顺、荣昌、三台、石柱、南部、乐山、秀山、巫山、叙永、綦江、永川、 Hejiang, Tongliang, Qu County, neighboring water, Yibin, Huayang, Ya'an, Guangyuan, Fuling, Zhongxian, Zigong, Luxian, Guanxian, Jiangjin, Jiangbei, Fengdu, Wanxian, Yunyang, Da Da County, Dazhu, Kaixian and other cities bombed. 143 cities and counties in the province were bombed and had a total of 61 cities and counties with injuries, accounting for 48%of the total number of Sichuan City and counties at that time. A total of more than 26,000 people were injured and more than 22,500 people were killed. Among them, the casualties were the most serious in personnel in 1939, 1940, and 1941. In these three years, the number of injuries was 2,5600, accounting for 98.67%of the total number of injuries, and the total number of deaths was more than 2,2300, accounting for about 99.30%of the total number of deaths of 6 years. Chongqing's losses are the heaviest, and the number of injuries is more than 10,000. In areas of 1500 to 10,000 people, there are Chengdu City, Wanxian, and Fengjie. There are six counties and cities in Zigong, Hechuan City, Luxian, Fuling, Leling, Liangshan. There are 49 counties and cities including Wenjiang, Huayang, and Jiangjin below 500 people.

2. Property loss.

During the 6 years of the daily machine bombing in Sichuan, the property losses caused by the daily machine, which can be summarized as: more than 23,3600 houses, more than 346,000 clothing, more than 2100 livestock, more than 3,4700 cities, more than 80 acres of pastoral, trees, trees, trees More than 18,200 plants, more than 60 manpower vehicles, more than 80 boards, more than 60 chartered cars, more than 3,500 wooden boats, 13 auto boats, more than 97,5900 debris, and a total of more than 77298,000 yuan in cash. The above loss was calculated at the time value, and a total of 1.1665 million yuan was lost. The loss of property in each year was the most severe in 1939 and 1940, and in 1941 and 1943. The cities and counties have the heaviest losses in Chongqing and Chengdu; Hechuan, Luxian, Hejiang, Fuling, Wanxian, Fengjie and other places are heavier. Zigong, Neijiang, Fushun, Liangshan and other places.

The Anti -Japanese War of the Sichuan -Chongqing people

The War of Resistance Against Japan was a comprehensive war that resisted the Japanese invaders. It was an unyielding choice to save the serious crisis of the "dead country and destroy". Under the leadership of the Chinese Communist Party, the people of Sichuan and Chongfeng, the Central Committee of the CPC Central Committee represented by Zhou Enlai, held up the banner of the Anti -Japanese National United Front, follow the strategy of the Party Central Committee's "development and progress forces, strive for intermediate forces, isolated and stubborn forces". Cooperation, the War of Resistance to the end. Sichuan youths rushed to the front line, and successively formed 3.5 million Sichuan Army to go to the front line of the Anti -Japanese War.

The "Dead Banner" carried by the Sichuan Army with him

In the eight years of the full anti -Japanese war, the people of Sichuan and Chongfeng contributed a lot. There is money to pay for money, no money to contribute, this is the strong backing of the Sichuan army. The donation activity is also a funds for the Anti -Japanese War, which has raised a lot of anti -Japanese funds. At the "Donation Club" in Luxian County, Sichuan, a group of beggars took their own begging money and invested in the donation box; several wounded soldiers who retreated from the battlefield donated Ten 10,000 yuan earned by a rattan chair. At the "donation meeting" in Jiangjin County, many celebrities have also come to participate. Not only did they donate a lot of money and food, but they also removed precious items such as gold watches, gold necklaces, and gold earrings on the spot to fund the War of Resistance Against Japan. Since the Sichuan Army's departure from Sichuan to participate in the Anti -Japanese War, the "donation meeting" has never been interrupted. Not only did local government -organized fundraising activities, many civilians also spontaneously organized donations to support the Anti -Japanese War. Officers and soldiers of the Sichuan Army Anti -Japanese War

According to the incomplete statistics of Sichuan -Chongqing culture and history, a total of about 700 million yuan of anti -Japanese war was raised during the Anti -Japanese War. The fall of major grain -producing areas such as the Yellow River, Yangtze River, and Northeast has led to the shortage of grain problems in the Chinese army. The National Government handed over the issue of troops to the people of Sichuan and Chongqing. The Sichuan -Chongqing government has issued a lot of propaganda booklets and leaflets to encourage people to submit food and support the Anti -Japanese War. Sichuan -Chongqing farmers actively respond to government calls. Whether in the streets and alleys, the field dams, the people can see the scene of the people picking food and food. Although the rations of many people have become problems, they would rather eat "Guanyin ash", and they must also take out the food to the government to support the Anti -Japanese War. It is because of the people like the people of Sichuan -Chongqing, the general situation, the Chinese people who take care of the overall situation, and the country as the country, and the heroic and stubborn anti -Japanese army, so they drove away the great Japanese invaders and achieved the great victory of the Anti -Japanese War!

Reference materials:

1. "Selection of Sichuan Literature and History Data" eighteen series.

2. Twelve series of "Selection of Chongqing Literature and History Data".

Source: Sichuan Provincial Local House Work Office

Text/Picture: Hu Pingyuan (special researcher at the Cultural History Research Museum of Chongqing Municipal People's Government, a member of the Chongqing Communist Party History Society, a member of the Chongqing Writers Association, a member of the Chongqing Municipal Documentary Literature Society, and the Party History Research Office of the Banan District Party History of Chongqing Banan Party History Edit)

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