Focus on wisdom and civil aviation | integration and development to build the era of empty pipelines

Video Smart Civil Aviation Guide (Production: Li Jiawei)

Air traffic management is a high -tech dense and new technology integration industry, and it is also a "nerve center" that guarantees the safe and efficient operation of civil aviation. It must fully implement the new development concept and implement the innovation -driven development strategy to better serve the development of the industry, serve the country, strategy.

In the area with the busiest and strongest protection capabilities in the world, the Guangdong -Hong Kong -Macao Greater Bay Area, China Civil Aviation has guaranteed 200 million people's annual transportation volume, and this number will reach 300 million by 2035. The increase in the demand for the travel of civil aviation and the emergence of new travel methods have put forward higher requirements for air traffic management. At the recently held in the 2022 (third) civil aviation traffic management science and technology exchange meeting, relevant industry insiders and industry experts said that in the future, integration and development will become the general trend of the air management industry.

Unmanned aircraft has attracted much attention

The appearance of the aircraft shorten the intercontinental travel time, and the appearance of the aircraft closes the distance between humans and the universe.

With the continuous development of aerospace technology and the decrease in costs, adjacent space and sub -rail operation have shown a normalization and commercialization trend, and the boundary of aerospace is becoming blurred.

In addition to allowing human exploration to further, the development of flight technology has also continuously improved transportation efficiency. At present, there is a transformation of transportation model represented by unmanned driving transportation in the world, and its development has giving great potential and kinetic energy. In the vision of transportation development in the United States and Europe, unmanned aircraft have a place. In our country, the "Special Plan for the Development of the Fourteenth Five -Year Plan" GM released in June this year also clearly states that expanding the field of drone applications, guiding the establishment of a market -oriented service security system, and vigorously developing new intelligent driverless aircraft Drived low -altitude new economy. Encourage the development of new aircraft such as driverless driving, and drive the rapid development of urban air traffic. Support regions with conditions to accelerate the construction and operation of the driverless aviation test base (test area).

The emergence of large drones will increase the efficiency of the transportation industry to a new height, which is particularly obvious in the logistics field. In August 2020, a large drone took off from Ningxia, arrived in Inner Mongolia about an hour later, and landed at a destination airport. This is the first time that the large drone of SF has completed the cargo shipping flight, making large drones applied to logistics scenarios to become a reality. For the logistics industry, it is very important to take this step from flying to unmanned flight. For China with broad market prospects, large -scale drones are used in the field of aviation logistics, which can effectively solve problems such as poor transportation, inconvenient logistics, high cost, and low transportation efficiency in my country's remote areas.

Although large drones play an important role in fresh agricultural and sideline products, medical supplies, emergency protection, and high value -added product transportation, in order to let it truly release market potential and exert business value, there is actually a long way to go to go to go Essence Among them, the important point is how to ensure that drones maintain the same safety level as some driving aircraft on the route. This not only requires core key technologies such as drone breakthrough perception/collision (DAA), but also needs to be truly incorporated into the existing air traffic control system from the three levels of scene operation, terminal area, and routes.

In this regard, Chen Zhijie, director and researcher of the National Airspace Technology Key Laboratory, and academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering, believes that in terms of airspace management, drones need to solve three core issues: how can drones deal with the ability to avoid perception/collision avoidance? How to make drone drivers or managers more intuitively perceive key information such as flight distance, time, speed? Where is the intensity of someone driving and unmanned driving?

Among these three core issues, the first two mainly involve technological development, and the third one focuses on operation management. "At present, in terms of airspace management, we planned transportation aviation, military aviation, etc. separately. However, from the perspective of drone driving aviation needs, we must consider overall considerations in the future, implement unified airspace management, and enhance the overall overall airspace management. Sexuality to achieve layered governance. Promote more space technology, facilities, capabilities, and information services to civil aviation air pipelines, build an air -heaven -and -land integration civil aviation control system, realize system innovation, and serve global air pipeline development. " Low -altitude airspace development prospects

The sky is a three -dimensional space. Compared with ground traffic, air traffic obviously has greater potential. "We all know that low -altitude airspace is a very promising space. In the future, new loading tools such as drones and flight cars will play a greater role in low -altitude airspace." Essence

Unlike large -scale drones aiming at the logistics transportation market, the demand for urban land air transportation is more diverse. In Zhang Honghai's view, "large cities are densely populated, demand is greater, and has huge economic and social value. Especially today when urban ground traffic congestion continues to intensify, how to improve the traffic experience is a world problem. At present, everyone is everyone, everyone is everyone Underground space development, but underground space resources are also limited. We believe that in the future, urban transportation development will inevitably develop upward, and the development and utilization of 0 meters to 500 meters has become a hot research direction. "

Urban air traffic is UAM (Urban Air Mobileity). At present, Europe and the United States have incorporated it into the scope of air traffic in advanced cities. "Due to the limited urban space, the development of UAM is basically a new three -dimensional transportation system that focuses on vertical take -off and landing, and point -to -door transportation." Zhang Honghai said that in general, UAM aircraft should have the characteristics of high degree of automation and high degree of intelligence. It is the main tool for the popularization, large -scale, and intelligent development of urban air traffic in the future, because only this can give birth to the low -altitude economy and generate benefits.

Today, many countries have conducted experiments and explorations in UAM. For example, South Korea plans to build a urban highway in 2025, set up relevant dedicated airspace to introduce urban air traffic control systems; Brazil stated that it will build a more sustainable urban air traffic ecosystem; Relevant services were provided during the Paris Olympics. China is also actively deploying this forefront. In 2019, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council issued the "Outline of the Construction of a Powerful Country" and proposed to strengthen the development of new carrier -transported tools. Aiming at the new generation of information technology, artificial intelligence, intelligent manufacturing, new materials, new energy and other world technology frontier, strengthen the research on forward -looking and disruptive technologies that may cause the transportation industry to change. Strengthen the development of equipment such as automobiles, civilian aircraft, and ships, and break through key technologies of high -efficiency, large thrust/high -power engine equipment and equipment. In 2021, the State Council issued the "Outline of the National Comprehensive S three -dimensional Transportation Network Planning", which proposed to promote the integrated development of internal transportation in the urban agglomeration, clearly study the comprehensive general airport, relieve the universal aviation activities of busy airports, develop urban helicopter transportation services, build a construction of urban helicopter transportation services, build a city helicopter transportation service, build a city helicopter transportation service, build a city helicopter transportation service, build the construction Quick air traffic network within the urban agglomeration.

Although the development prospects are good, the development of UAM also faces many challenges. One of the important points is how to ensure safety when UAM aircraft run inside the city? "The development of the UAA industry must have traffic first, and large traffic, large -scale, and popularization can achieve benefits. At the same time, as a urban transportation system, such helicopters and drones must also meet green and low -carbon requirements. Imagine imagination One, if the helicopter has been buzzing above the head, the public must not accept it. The most important point is that we need to formulate the traffic rules that are compatible with it -a safe, efficient, economic, green, and standardized urban air pipeline System. "Zhang Honghai said.

Air traffic may usher in the era of large empty pipes

With the support of artificial intelligence, big data, and 5G, today's air traffic network is becoming more precise and refined. As more transportation and transportation tools enter the public travel market, air traffic may usher in the era of large empty pipes.

In the era of large air pipes, integration and development is the key. "Whether it is a large drone or a urban air helicopter, its air management starts from isolation and will eventually evolve into a fusion operation." Zhang Honghai said, "Different development stages and different degree of aircraft automation determine the management method. Different. At the beginning, drones are remote control and manual. But with technological progress, drones will achieve automatic take -off and landing and intelligent operation. In terms of traffic, their demand may be relatively small at first, but in commercialization After operation, we must achieve large -scale operation. Even if the scale of ground traffic cannot be reached, it will also become an effective supplement to ground traffic. At present, we are in the infancy, and we are exploring, researching, and development. "

Compared with the existing civil aviation transportation industry, the era of air pipelines needs to solve some problems in a targeted manner. For example, how to solve the "urban canyon" problem? In other words, in the urban space of 0 meters to 500 meters, how can we build an information management and command system that is all -weather, precise, non -disturbed by urban buildings and other buildings. For another example, after these transport tools access the civil aviation transportation system, how to achieve safe and efficient management and operation? In terms of characteristics, air traffic is strongly planned and controllable. However, the characteristic of UAM is to achieve high -density, large -scale, and diverse flights. How its flexible and maneuvering characteristics are combined and optimized with the existing air traffic control rules, which is also a great challenge. It can be seen that the integration of air traffic is a new system, which is very different from the traditional civil aviation air pipe system. In Zhang Honghai's view, "in intercity and urban and rural areas, the integration operation needs to consider the coordination of military and land." However, in order to fully show its potential, we must also consider the integration of aviation, local governments and local industries.

The development and progress of science and technology have brought new possibilities to air traffic management, and also brought many unprecedented challenges. For these challenges, we must use new development concepts and innovation -driven development strategies to deal with.

Social development does not hesitate to provide solutions while raising problems. In fact, compared with the past, we have more technical means to cope with the increasingly diverse situation. For example, in terms of information, in 2020, the 189 performance indicators and technical verification of the Global Satellite Navigation System of Beidou 3 have been reviewed through the meeting of the expert group of the International Civil Aviation Organization Navigation System, marking that the Global Satellite Navigation System of Beidou 3 provides services to global civil aviation services. Capability is internationally recognized. When more and more domestic core technologies have made breakthroughs and more and more new technologies and new equipment are put into application, China Civil Aviation is also in a larger and more diverse market to provide more convenient and smooth travel for more passengers Experience. (China Civil Aviation reporter Wang Yichao)

(This article was published in the 5th edition of China Civil Aviation News on August 24, 2022)

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