Aerospace suit, the inside of the cabin is very different

According to the construction plan of my country's space station, asking the air gate of the Tiangan experimental compartment will replace the node compartment to become the main air gate of the space station, that is, the astronauts will wear an off -space suit in the interview compartment Essence

Generally, our first impression of astronauts is to fly in the universe in aerospace clothes, but in fact, aerospace uniforms (Russia and the United States are called Aerospace) can be roughly divided into two categories according to the use scenarios: inside and outside the cabin. Among them, the space suit in the cabin is generally connected to the in -cabin equipment to obtain electrical energy, oxygen, etc., which is used to create a pressure environment in the uniforms for astronauts when the pressure of the spacecraft sealing compartment is not suitable for human survival to ensure the safety of the space staff. The space uniforms outside the cabin are more complicated. It is the must -have equipment that is equipped with a harsh space environment such as high vacuum, extreme temperature, strong radiation, and micro -meteor during the outlet activities. In the process of construction in my country's space station, there are more and more out -of -class work needs. Starting from Shenzhou 12, the outlet activities have become a must -have for each flight multiplication group. The success or failure of the task.

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Inside

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Human first set of cabins

It is little known that the history of aerospace clothing originated from aviation, that is, the pressure protective clothing prepared for jet pilots, which is used to protect the safety of the pilot's life at a low pressure and low oxygen environment in extreme heights. This type of protective clothing is generally made of rubber. The surface is covered with hard fabrics. Once the aircraft is stamped with pressure, the hose connected to the protective clothing will transport oxygen from the oxygen bottle in the cabin to the protective clothing, so that the protective clothing will be kept inside A certain pressure.

Human first set of real aerospace was born in the Soviet Union. It is the SK-1 astronauts worn in 1961 in Yuri Gagarin (the first human to enter space). The "Vorkuta" set used by the SU-9 jet fighter pilot was improved. Added a new type of helmet and installed the pressure sensor. Once the pressure sensor is measured to the overthrow in the cabin (the pressure is too low), the transparent mask of the helmet will automatically fall to protect the safety of the space staff.

Soviet SK-1 Aerospace suit

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Mercury planned cabin in the cabin

Coincidentally, the Mercury Program of NASA (1958-1963 is a plan to send the first batch of American astronauts into space). Aum -plated nylon layer, lace -up boots, gloves and new helmets. The oxygen in the Aerospace is supplied by the "umbilical cord" located on the waist, and then discharged through the hose on the right side of the helmet. At the same time as the oxygen supply, some of the heat inside the clothes cool down to cool down.

American Mercury Program Aerospace Server (Picture Source: NASA)

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my country's cabin intraday

According to the tradition of aerospace mission, in the rising section of the spacecraft and the return section, in order to deal with the possible pressure -loss situation, the astronauts are required to wear the cabin in the cabin. my country is no exception. Realize oxygen supply, ventilation and emergency state. Before boarding the spacecraft, power and ventilation through the equipment held by astronauts.

Shenzhou 12th multiplication group (picture source: China Manned Aerospace official website)

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Space X cabin intranet

The astronauts wearing the spacecraft flying in SpaceX's Dragon spacecraft can be the most beautiful Aerospace suit. It is actually in the cabin. It does not have independent pressure control and oxygen supply. Fashionable and white, the connection point on the thighs can connect the dragon spacecraft to achieve power supply and oxygen supply. Each set of clothing is tailor -made for astronauts to obtain the best comfort and equipped with a 3D printing helmet. Its gloves are compatible with the touch screen and can be used with the dashboard of the dragon ship.

Dragon spacecraft flying task cabin outperform (picture source: NASA)

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Outside the cabin

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Human first set of clothes

"Berkut", the first set of human space clothes, was also manufactured by the Soviet Union. In 1965, it was completed with Aleksennov (the first human walking human beings walking the first space). Walking outside 12 minutes. The clothing has an independent life support system that does not require oxygen supply in the cabin, and has oxygen that supports 45 minutes of off -cabin. For out -of -the -cabin clothes, in addition to oxygen supply and pressure control, the most important function is temperature control, because under the direct exposure of the outside of the cabin, the surface temperature of the object will be as high as 100 ° C. To this end, "Berkut" increases the vacuum insulation layer with aluminum layers on the surface, and there is a certain gap between the layers to reduce heat transmission. In addition Further strengthening the effect of temperature control, but the cost is a great restriction on the action of astronauts.

The helmet mask is improved to a special filter made of nearly half centimeters thick. It is used to reduce light strength and remove the light filter with biological risk in the solar spectrum.

Soviet Berkut Outside Server

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Gemini planned cabin clothes

The United States follows the Soviet Union, and the Gemini Plan (1965-1966) also arranged this very challenging task. Different from the design of the Soviet Union, the Gemini planned out -of -the -art cabin is still confession in the service through the "umbilical cord" connected to the spacecraft. The rubber airbags are used inside to ensure the strict sealing of the astronauts. Therefore, the astronauts said that the Aerospace suit was hot and stiff, and it was inconvenient to move.

American Gemini Program Aerospace Server (Picture Source: NASA)

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Apollo plans to board the monthly service

The Apollo Lunar Masters is obviously the most difficult out -of -class task for the United States at that time. Astronauts must leave the sealing cabin for a long time on the moon, and the temperature range of the moon surface is wider than the low earth orbit. About -130 ~ 160 ℃. Therefore, although the moon landing service is based on the cabin clothes of the Gemini plan, the temperature control function has been strengthened, and the boots that specifically cope with the moon soil and rocks are designed. "Portable Life Support System (PLSS)", which we usually call "backpacks".

In other words, the overseas clothes planned by Apollo are composed of two parts: pressure service+backpack. The components of the stressful clothing include: heat, radiation protection, micro -meteor, sealing clothing composed of 13 -layer materials, 3 layers of liquid cooling and ventilation clothes used inside to cool down, and other accessories. The backpack is used to provide oxygen, electricity, cooling water in the clothing, remove carbon dioxide, and equipped with radio communication equipment and alarm system. Later sky laboratory, space aircraft, and international space stations used similar "backpack" systems.

Apollo 11th Lunar Lunar (Picture Source: NASA)

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Card out of the cabin that can fly independently

After Apollo, the off -cabin uniforms did not use the umbilical supplies and oxygen supply. Instead, the independent operation of the cabin was achieved through the backpack, but it still needs a rope to connect the astronauts with The astronauts could not return. The Aerospace of the United States, known as the "outside the cabin", has a jet device with a backpack, and the spacecraft outside the cabin controls his posture and move forward through this device, so you can stay away from and approach the spacecraft without restraint. In 1984, Bruce McCandless, the American astronaut, was worn by the space aircraft STS-41B mission and launched space in the case of the cockpit. Walking at the farthest flight from the spacecraft to 98 meters.

Aerospace aircraft STS-41B cabin outside walking screen (picture source: NASA)

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my country's "Flying" cabin outfit

I believe that everyone is not unfamiliar with my country's "Flying" cabin. The "Feitian" service is designed for seven hours of space walking tasks. Shenzhou VII astronauts Zhai Zhigang dressed in "Feitian" to complete the first walking task of walking in my country. Essence

Shenzhou -thirteen astronauts are wearing the "Flying" out of the cabin (picture source: China Manned Aerospace official website)

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