What are the secrets of "sitting like a bell and a wind" in the space station?

On July 24th, I asked the Tianchang experimental cabin to successfully launch at Wenchang Aerospace launchers. After asking the sky to enter the list, the current space station combination is composed of Tianhe core compartment, Qi Tian experimental cabin, Shenzhou No. 14 manned spacecraft and Tianzhou No. 4 freight ships. On the 15th of Shenzhou 15. This space station combination with a weight of more than 100 tons of orbit is unprecedented in my country's aerospace flight mission. In the sixth episode of "Ask the Heaven", the secret of the space station "sitting like a bell and a wind like a wind" for you!

Is there a "artifact" in the spacecraft gesture control?

Control the torque gyroscope "showing skills"

The traditional gesture control method of the spacecraft is to adjust the posture through the RCS posture control power system (Reaction Control System). It needs to be upward and consumes a large amount of pushing agent. The efficiency ratio is extremely low, and it is not suitable for the gesture control of large aerospaces.

During the daily operation of the space station, its posture is affected by various factors such as high -level atmosphere, solar electromagnetic radiation, and gravitational fields. Many loads equipped with specific points also have specific pointing demand, especially large flexible solar wings. Dynamic demand for dynamic dynamics.

Large flexible solar wing of space station

Therefore, the stable operation of the space station requires a strong performance "artifact" that can stabilize it -control the torque gyroscope. It is an inertial execution component controlled by the spacecraft gesture. It obtains angular momentum through high -speed rotating flywheels and outputs the torque by changing the direction of the angle momentum. Compared with the RCS position control system, in addition to the natural advantages of zero fuel consumption, it also has the advantages of minimizing the interference of aerospace flexible components. For large space stations, it is an indispensable core technical equipment.

Control force gyro

Once the "blockbuster" of technology development!

Now self -reliance, autonomous "wisdom"

Wanli is not working without it; there is no way to build a space station; it is not possible to develop fast motor aerospaces. There is no way to control it ... The technical research and product research and development of controlling the torque gyroscope have been the "block tiger" encountered in China's space technology development. In 1991, my country began to demonstrate the space laboratory and space station project, and the controlling gyro was mentioned as a "heavy weapon". The Chinese were convinced that "the core technology could not be bought", so he firmly chose self -reliance at the beginning of demonstration.

The first heaven in my country is 200NMS (Nm seconds) to control the torque gyroscope. In 2011, six such torque gyro was configured on the Tiangong -1, which was successfully launched on track. s country.

200nms control force gyroscope

Since the number of Tiansong, the scientific research team has successively developed products with angular movement range covering 0.1NMS to 1500NMS, forming a full range of control force gyroscopy products that meet the needs of various types of space aircraft gesture and posture control needs. Compared with the first generation of products, the newly developed control force gyro has the advantages of high accuracy, fast response, long life, and high reliability, which can meet the gesture control requirements of various types of space aircraft in my country.

The space station mission has increased the use of the control of the torque gyroscope on the Chinese spacecraft to a new height. The control torque of other spacecraft is installed in the cabin, and the working environment is relatively single, and the control torque gyroscope on the space station needs to adapt to the two working environments in the cabin and outside the cabin. Due to the great temperature difference and vacuum changes, the problem of lubrication and the heat dissipation of the whole machine has brought great challenges to the key parts of the product, especially for the temperature difference between more than 200 degrees outside the cabin. At the same time, it carries out vibration and noise reduction work on the cabin to meet the requirements of the noise indicators in the cabin.

Six large -scale control torque gyro that have been installed in the core compartment of the space station

As a complex spatial electromechanical product, the working environment of the torque gyroscope has a harsh working environment and a long life requirements. It is required to work for thousands of consecutive years per minute for many years. Therefore, in order to ensure the life and reliability of the space station, controlling the torque gyroscope also needs to have the ability to replace on the orbit.

The control torque gyroscope used by China Space Station is currently the largest 1500nms of the angle, and the two -cabin "6+6" configuration is used. 6 of them have been installed on the outer wall of the cone surface with the large column section of the core cabin, and the other 6 will be installed on the test cabin. This configuration is the advanced place of the combination system level, which can be used in convergence and restructured through the general network on demand.

Shenzhou 14th astronauts set up controlling torque gyro on the rail

From "blocking" to the peak of technology, the development and application of controlling the torque gyroscopy series of products has significantly improved the ability of the gesture and stability control of my country's space aircraft, and also promoted the rapid development of my country's space inertial execution agencies. The joint use of multiple control force gyro is enough to help the space station "sitting like a bell, walking like a wind", and help the steady development of manned space engineering.

Source: Beijing Institute of Control Engineering, China Space Technology Research Institute

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