Yuan Story | "Garden" Mengxian Lake

Superstar fell. On July 15, 2022, Meng Zhaoyi, a senior academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering, a professor and doctoral supervisor of the Beijing Forestry University School of Garden University, died at the age of 90 in Beijing. He is the only academician in the Chinese landscape garden industry today.

Looking back at his life trajectory, he left an indescribable glory in Shenzhen.

In November 2021, the "Zhao Zhaowen Heart -Meng Zhaoyuan Academic Achievement Exhibition" opened at Beijing Forestry University. The contribution of Meng Zhaoyuan to the Scenery Garden Discipline is on the one hand to summarize and inherit the essence of traditional Chinese gardens, and combine it with the times. By using ancient, modern, and innovative innovation, it has promoted the development of landscape garden planning and design teaching system with Chinese characteristics. On the other hand, Meng Zhaoxuan is a very outstanding landscape garden designer. His batch of practical works has a milestone in China and affects a large number of landscape garden designers.

As a masters -level figure in the Chinese landscape garden industry, Meng Zhaoyi has always believed that the key to landscape gardens lies in theoretical guidance practice.

One of the most important practices in Meng Zhaoyuan's life is actually happening in Shenzhen, which is known for its work: in the late 1970s, the Central Government called on the country to support Shenzhen construction, and it responded warmly all over the country. Meng Zhaoyuan followed the Department of Gardening of Beijing Forestry University to Shenzhen to participate in green space planning and design; in the 1980s, Meng Zhaoyuan presided over the planning and design of China's first landscape botanical garden -Shenzhen Xianhu Botanical Garden. Xianhu Botanical Garden has become one of the most important masterpieces of Meng Zhaoyuan.

On the occasion of the 40th anniversary of the establishment of the Shenzhen Special Economic Zone in 2020, Meng Zhaoyi, who is 88 years old, also wrote a review of his process of participating in the construction of Xianhu Botanical Garden. In the article, he summarizes the most important design ideas of Xianhu Botanical Garden: "China has modern garden artistic conception and image in China, and this traditional development idea is implemented into modern construction projects."

▲ Meng Zhaozheng's inscription.

Due to Peking Opera and Gardens

Meng Zhaozheng and the landscape garden are very accidental, which can start with Peking Opera.

In 1932, Meng Zhaoxiang was born in a book in Wuhan. The education of his parents and the influence of the family allowed him to contact various traditional culture, calligraphy, seal engraving, painting, etc., all of which are his hobbies who insist on life. After graduating from Chongqing Nankai Middle School in 1952, Meng Zhaoyuan found that his greatest interest was in opera, but he did not study the university of Peking Opera at the time. After knowing Meng Zhaoyuan's interest, the principal of the middle school told Meng Zhaoyuan that the discipline of gardening was "solidified music".

Chinese landscape gardens have thousands of years of long history and unique cultural traditions. However, as a disciplinary construction, in 1951, with the support of Liang Sicheng, Wang Juyuan and Wu Liangzheng proposed that the park construction specialty was officially established. Meng Zhaoxin, who had a special person in Beijing's plot, was thinking about the university who was admitted to Beijing. Become the first grade to learn the new life of the major.

Meng Zhaoyi once reported that he had been vigorous since he was a child and couldn't discharge, so he wandered around. After listening to the judges of people in the teahouse of Chongqing Shancheng Town, I went to listen to the book at night, and then imitated it every day. I learned to write a brush on the brush every day and singing Peking opera in the final analysis.

After reading the gardening specialty, Meng Zhaoyuan began to have a strong interest in "Garden Ye". "Garden Ye" is a collection of garden creation and appreciation of gardens in the garden of the Ming Dynasty. There are not only the summary of the practice of Chinese classical gardening for thousands of years, as well as the insights and exquisite discussions of garden art, and 235 garden architecture illustrations. "Although it is made by people, it is open from the sky."

In order to get through "Garden Ye", Meng Zhaoyuan's three times for classical literary accomplishment in classical literature, repeatedly pondered in the text; also combined with other classical works, "Long Tuzhi", "Said Love", landscape painting theory, and even classical novels Wait to improve the understanding of the theory of ancient gardening ... and in order to prove some ideological theories in "Garden Ye", his footprint has traveled to the north and south of the river, using both eyes to see the real scene and prove "Garden Ye".

Once he asked a teacher, what was the most difficult for the garden to learn, the teacher replied, "rockery". Meng Zhaoyi began to study traditional rockery, examined the rockery, and learned the rockery project from Master Mountain Stone. Without the money to buy mountain stones, Meng Zhaoyi picked sand and ginger everywhere, and even went to the boiler room to pick the corn related to the lake and stone to study and learn.

In this step -by -step study, Meng Zhaoyuan gradually realized that the art of the Chinese is too beautiful. "It makes me not only appreciate it, but I can't learn it for life." The root of the garden.

He always hopes to push the Chinese garden culture to the stage of the world. In 1985, he went to Tokyo to participate in a conference and learned that there was a world college student garden design competition. He encouraged students to participate. "This is difficult. Everyone thinks this is an unattainable thing." But Meng Zhaoyi believes that China must be involved as a member of the world. In 1990, his students won the first prize in the World College Student Garden Design Competition, which caused a sensation in the international academic community. After three consecutive consecutive, the students who won the first prize were Meng Lao's students. Become an inseparable keyword and enjoy the international garden industry. "This is an inspiration that our tradition is rich, and it can be accepted by young students, and it is also recognized in the world." Meng Zhaoyi once said. ▲ On July 15th, Meng Zhaoyuan died in Beijing at the age of 90.

▲ On the morning of July 17th, the Office of the Shenzhen Meidao Planning and Design Institute held a remembrance of Meng Zhaozheng.

"Coincidentally for borrowing, essence is suitable"

In the 1980s, Shenzhen was determined to be a modern metropolis built into a livable city. Urban planning, architectural design, and landscape gardens are the consensus of the early urban construction of Shenzhen Special Economic Zone. In the early days of vigorous development and construction of the economy, Shenzhen will be protected by the land that does not develop. As a reserve land for urban development, most of them are built as green land. This is never seen in the construction of major cities in China. Only today is vivid and vivid.

At that time, at the country, Beijing Forestry University (formerly Beijing Forestry College) garden major was second to none. So the Shenzhen Municipal Government, which was urgently needed to accelerate the construction of the construction, specially invited a group of professors and experts from Beijing Forestry University to help the construction of urban green space, including Meng Zhaoyuan. One of the tasks they received at the time was to plan and design the Xianhu Botanical Garden, Donghu Park, and Litchi Park.

When the master of gardens that was intoxicated by traditional Chinese culture was invited to go south, the first thing I felt was that "the scenery appeared here was strange." Some place names are translated in Chinese names, and landscapes are named after "gold and silver" and "fragrant honey". Meng Zhaozheng also saw the scenic window made of playing cards, "it seems to be to win with strangeness."

At that time, Meng Zhaoyuan fell in love with traditional Chinese gardens, and was also interested in innovation. He hopes to combine tradition and modernity to create a botanical garden with Chinese characteristics, which is unique in the world garden system. As the most important construction project, Shenzhen Xianhu Botanical Garden is one of the masterpieces of Meng Zhaoyuan's ambitions, so as to establish a milestone of the Chinese landscape design inheritance and innovation.

In the early days of the planning of Xianhu Botanical Garden, it was originally selected on the Lotus Mountain. At that time, the first batch of experts in Beilin Academy, led by Professor Sun Xiaoxiang, found that although there was a mountain here, there was no mountain depression, and there was no way to store the water from the mountains. It was not ideal. Under the leadership of local experts such as Feng Liangcai, during the inspection of the southwest slope of Wutong Mountain in Liantang, it was found that there were mountains here. Two mountain spring continued for many years, the terrain was low, natural vegetation was good, and the quality of the soil was good. Sun Xiaoxiang and the then leaders of Shenzhen City were struggling according to the reason, and strongly suggested that the site selection to here is the later "Xianhu" state. If you do n’t build a dam to build a dam, you can form a natural and more fairy lake according to the design of the design of the times.

Later, because Sun Xiaoxiang was going to study out, Meng Zhaoyuan took over the relay stick from his hand and began to fully host the planning and design work. According to the concept of "proper and decent" in the "Yuanye", Meng Zhaoyuan started from the two aspects of the phase and construction garden, and built the "Xianhu" hugged by the mountains as the center of the garden. The uniqueness of Xianhu is that "coincidence is borrowed, and it is suitable for borrowing." Some people have commented: Meng Zhaozheng's works have a lot of artificial artificialness, but no artificial traces can be seen. "Because the water storage is not storage of the lake, the water -based botanical garden is borrowed into the water trough. The immortal Wutongshan coincides artificially, creating an overall garden space through landscaping factors such as mountains, water, stone, roads, buildings, plants and other landscapes, and shaping the landscape botanical garden away from the hustle and bustle of the world. "

In 1986, the Xianhu Botanical Garden completed the main attractions and opened it to build scenic spots such as Xianhu, Yaozhou, Luting Township, Yamitang Wild Airlines, Bamboo Reeds, and other scenic spots. There are many specialty parks such as districts. The botanical garden style was the "landscape botanical garden" that laid -up and planned creation of landscape plants at that time. The development direction of botanical gardens. Once launched, Xianhu Botanical Garden won many awards. In 1999, Meng Zhaoyuan was selected as an academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering.

Today's Xianhu Botanical Garden still has strong vitality. Receive millions of tourists each year, and nearly 12,000 living plants are conservation, becoming one of the most important plant conservation bases in South China and even China. The Xianhu Botanical Garden is the first time that China has successfully bid for the 2017 World Botanical Conference, which is known as the "Olympic" event of the "Olympic" event. The effect of the display and the protection and use of plant resources have reached the world -class level.

▲ The uniqueness of Xianhu is that "coincidence is borrowed, essence is suitable" everywhere.

▲ He Yan (right), Chen Kaishu (left), and Mr. Meng (middle) in the early design and construction of Xianhu Botanical Garden were gathered in the "Zhao Zhaowen Heart -Meng Zhaoyi Academic Achievement Exhibition". ▲ Mr. Meng participated in the "Botanical Garden Planning and Construction High -end Forum" to re -travel to Xianhu.

Dapeng Wind Dance Chinese Traditional Garden

Academician Meng Zhaoyuan left in Shenzhen not only a botanical garden. At that time, there were more than 30 teachers in Beilin University, all of which have been to Shenzhen to participate in the planning and design work. Shenzhen was an important base for Beilin University's research and research at that time. In 1986, the team headed by Meng Zhaoyuan reached deep. From planning to planning, it depicts the design blueprint of the "Splendid China" of the OCT of Shenzhen, creating the first "landscape garden -style" micro -shrinking scenic spot in China.

There are still people left. Meng Zhaozheng wrote in the article: "Shenzhen mission is backward, and a large number of people will return to school, leaving a specifically left a seed -the third -generation inheritor He Yan's development work."

When I contacted He Yan, he was holding a commemorative event in Shenzhen in Shenzhen. According to Meng Zhaozheng's wishes, he hopes that the funeral will be simple and will not hold the body farewell. "The old gentleman may hope not to add trouble to our young people!" He Yan said, Mr. Meng walked suddenly, "He has been forgotten to work in his life, even in the last two years of his life, he has been doing two a week every week. The report above the field also participated in several large -scale academic activities. It should be said that he was tired. "

As a teaching assistant at the Beilin University at that time, He Yan stayed in Shenzhen and continued to complete the planning and design tasks after Xianhu. Now he is a professor at Beilin University and a special professor of Shenzhen University, and is also rated as a master of engineering survey and design (the national honorary title of China Engineering Survey and Design Industry).

He Yan recalled that there were two things that he had the most impressed by Meng Zhaoyuan. One thing is that Meng Zhaoxuan pays great attention to on -site inspections. In 1985, He Yan accompanied Meng Zhaoyi to climb from Xianhu to the mountainside of Wutong Mountain, and view the terrain three or three. Meng Zhaozhen usually loves to sing Peking opera, the chanting is full, and the sound of lectures is very loud. "He strode a meteor at that time, and he didn't breathe a little after climbing, but I was panting." In 1992, Xianhu once again rose to build a climax. Meng Zhaoyi still insisted on the scene. Almost fainted, sitting on the stone for a long time before recovering. "On the scene of difficulties, even if there is no way, he must insist on climbing the mountain on the scene, and take a look."

The second thing is that at the beginning of the construction of Shenzhen, the reception conditions were actually very average. He Yan still remembers that they lived in a very small hospitality at the time. At that time, because of drawing a plan, the size of the picture was almost five or six square meters. Without such a large table, Meng Zhaoyi put the drawing on the ground, and then lying on the ground to draw pictures, and the painting was one day. "It's almost a painting with his buttocks." He Yan was impressed by this scene. "Now I can hardly find a planning designer who draws the picture on the ground."

He Hui, who stayed in Shenzhen, later participated in the establishment of Beilinyuan Design Institute (derived from Beijing Forestry University, based on the design capital), the founding of Shenzhen Meidao Landscape Garden and the Urban Planning and Design Institute. He himself also participated in the planning and design of a series of well -known park attractions such as Lianhua Mountain Park, Dameisha Beach Park, and Shenzhen Bay Park. "Under the guidance of Mr. Meng, from the 1980s to the present, we have been contributing to the construction of the Shenzhen Park system and ecosystem."

"The landscape is charming, and the country must depend on the landscape." Meng Zhaoyi has been advocating a concept: in the final analysis, the landscape garden is for the people to browse it. Today, the "City of Thousand Garden" and the green Shenzhen, as Meng Zhaoyuan wrote the title: "Dapeng Wind Dance Chinese Traditional Gardens". He Yan told me that at the School of Shenzhen and Urban Planning, the first batch of undergraduate undergraduate students, just graduated this summer.

"Scenery due to people's victory", I would like to remember and pay tribute to Academician Meng Zhaozheng with these stories.

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Reporter: Yu Zihong

Drawing: Gouter

Edit: Ye Hui

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