Cultural Bay Area 009 | Chen Yinque, who is "Lingnan for no reason"

In the course of China's modern development, Chen Yinque can be said to be a scholar who has made great contributions. His outstanding achievements in the fields of religious history, the history of the Western region, the history of Mongolia, the linguistics, the history of the Wei, Jin, Northern and Southern Dynasties, the history of the Sui and Tang dynasties, the history of the Sui and Tang dynasties, classical literature, and historical methods can be said to have attracted much attention from the world. Therefore, it is said that "since the Republic of China, it can be called Great Confucianism, and it is known as the Professor of Professor 'Professor. Chen Yinque is well deserved." After the 1990s, "Yining Chen's" was praised by the world. He became a unique scenery in Chinese academic history.

■ Cai Ling Mountain

Chen Yinque (1890-1969) was born in Yining, Jiangxi, born in Changsha, Hunan. He is the grandson of Chen Baozhen, a governor of Hunan in the late Qing Dynasty, and the grandchildren of the Recent Politicians, and the son of the great poet Chen Sanli (Sanyuan). In the Shangzhuyu of Xiushui Taoli Township, Jiangxi, a tall ancestral temple with carved eaves is stunned, which is "Chen Family House". There are two important cultural relics in front of the "Chen Family House": one is Chen Baozhen's flagstone in the first year of Xianfeng (1851); the other is Chen Sanli's "flag pole pier" in the fifteenth year of Guangxu (1889). Essence There is also the word "Chen Sanli, the master of the ugly year of Guangxu". Many biographies said that Chen Sanli was incorrect in the twelfth year of Guangxu. It was fifteen years after three years of Guangxu, with carved stone as an iron syndrome. During the reign of Chen Baozhen, he promoted the new policy, governing the officials, set up an industry, and opened the Times School, the Academy, Xiangbao Hall, and the Wushui Academy. Chen Sanli also assisted his father, his father and son to cooperate, making Hunan, which was closed behind, became "the most energetic province in the country." It is a pity that in just three years, the political scenes have changed, and the reform of the 1899 fails. Chen Baozhen went to officials and Sanli was also punished by the revolution. "

Bao Zhen returned to the "Luolu" in Nanchang, Jiangxi. The 26th year of Guangxu (1900) died at the age of 70.

Chen Yinque took a picture when he was studying in Europe and the United States.

Regarding the death of Bao Zhen, there are different sayings: some say that they are sick, and some say that Cixi sent people to death.

The death of his father made Chen Sanli no longer questioning politics. He was named "Shenzhou Sleeve Man". Since then, Chinese politics has missing one wise man, and the literary world has an additional poet. He was full of depression and depression in poetry, and was called "the first person in the past five hundred years in Chinese poetry." His poetry represents the highest achievement of the "Tongguang" poetry, and has also become the leader of the modern Jiangxi poetry school.

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Because of his family studies, Chen Yinque laid the foundation for Chinese studies in his early years. Later, he studied in Japan, Germany, Switzerland, France, and the United States. The ability of more than ten languages ​​such as Persian, Turkic, West Xia, Latin, and Greek. Essence What made the most unexpected was that Chen Yinque was in the world and studied things, but he did not even have a graduation certificate. In 1925, Tsinghua School founded the Chinese Academy of Studies, and Liang Qichao recommended Chen Yinque to the principal Cao Yunxiang.

Cao Yunxiang asked: "Which is a PhD in Chen Yinque?"

Liang Qichao replied: "He is not a bachelor's or a doctor."

Cao Yunxiang asked again, "Does he have a book?"

Liang Qichao replied: "No."

Cao Yunxiang refused: "It is neither a doctor nor a book, which is difficult!"

Liang Qichao was furious: "My Liang is a book waiting for himself, but it is not as valuable as Mr. Chen's a few hundred words!" Cao Yunxiang was shocked when he heard it, so he agreed to hire Chen Yinque. So Chen Yinque and Wang Guowei, Liang Qichao, and Zhao Yuanren were hired as the "four mentors" of Tsinghua University.

Chen Yinque took a photo at Tsinghua University in 1948.

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At that time, my friend Wu Yan lived in the "Great Film Drot Museum" in the backyard of the Gongzheng Hall, and Yin Ke also lived in the dormitory of the Gongzheng Hall and Wu Yan as a neighbor. Chen Yinque's first class was "Translation Literature of the Buddhist Scriptures", and later he served as a course such as the Directory of the Western Oriental Studies and the Sanskrit Literature. On June 2, 1927, Wang Guowei, who was also Tsinghua's "four mentors", arranged in the Summer Palace in the Summer Garden. He left a will, and there was a sentence "fifty years, only one death. After this world change, there is no humiliation."

The Chen brothers took photos in 1898 (the fourth person from the left is Chen Yinque).

Regarding the death of Wang Guowei, everyone has a lot of discussion. There are people who think of the Qing Dynasty. Although Chen Yinque and Wang Guowei got along short, his friendship was deep. For the death of Wang Guowei, his view is: "Wang's Zhijie Xingfang, but the cultural tradition of the body has fallen, and the branches and leaves have nothing to attach, so he has to die." It is called "Mr. Wang Guantang", which is called "Circle with the Troubles and Mourning", defends it.

The monument on the back of the monument of the Kingdom of Tsinghua University was written by Chen Yinque.

In June 1929, the teachers and students of the Chinese Academy of Chinese Academy of China decided to raise funds. Liang Sicheng was designed by Liang Sicheng. Lin Zhijun Shu Dan and Ma Hengye set up a monument to the east side of the Tsinghua Campus Gongchen Hall. The spirit of spirit, freedom "reflects his ultimate care for academic research. Scholars Xia Zhongyi said in my interview: "The humanistic and academic undertakings of the Chinese nation really want to succeed someone and the incense, and there is no such thing as Chen Yinque's" independent spirit, the idea of ​​freedom 'and to practice such a kind of life to practice such a kind of life. Those who are blood -colored, the academic cause of the Chinese nation has no hope. We must not eager or thirsty for our politicians and our people. Yes. But I hope that we all get a kind of inspiration from Chen Yinque's body. " - ◆ -

The Chinese Academy of Sciences ended in only four years. Chen Yinque was transferred to the two departments of Tsinghua University Chinese and History, and issued special courses for the two departments. At this time, his research direction has expanded from the research of Buddhism to the study of the history of medieval. Chen Yinque often said that he "has been studying in the past and modern times", and the so -called "not ancient" refers to the section of the ancient history. From teaching Tsinghua to the "July 7th Incident", about ten years, it is the period when Chen Yinque's most diligent reading, the most powerful research, and the most harvest. He published more than 50 academic papers and preface. He recruited and intertwined. His solid knowledge not only won the heart of the student, but also became the object of other professors. He was known as the "professor of professors". At that time, first -class scholars such as Wu Yan, Zhu Ziqing, and Feng Youlan had heard his class.

Shortly after the "July 7th Incident" in 1937, the Japanese occupied Peiping. After Chen Yinque's funeral, Chen Yinque began to escape Peiping with a funeral. After several times, it is difficult to get to Changsha. Due to the changes in the current situation, the temporary school site of Tsinghua University decided to move to Yunnan. So Chen Yinque took the whole family to travel south. Finally arrived in Hong Kong before the Spring Festival in 1938. Due to the hard work of his wife, his wife Tang Yan could not go any more. After autumn, the Southwest United University moved Kunming again. Chen Yinque lectured on the United University of the United University to teach lessons such as "Wei, Jin, Northern and Northern Dynasties", "History of the Sui and Tang Dynasties", and "Translation Literature of the Buddhist Sutra". In 1939, Chen Yinque completed the "Summary Draft of the Sui and Tang Dynasties System" in a difficult environment. This book systematically inspected the origin and evolution of the Sui and Tang dynasties from different perspectives. Expressive results.

Chen Yinque took a photo in Hong Kong in 1940.

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In the spring of 1939, Oxford University in the United Kingdom issued a letter of appointment to Chen Yinque, hired him as a professor of Sinology at the university, and awarded him the title of Researcher in the British Society. Chen Yinque went to Hong Kong twice in the summer of 1939 and 1940 to prepare to go to Britain, but he did not work. After going to Britain, Chen Yinque had to take a class at the University of Hong Kong temporarily. He talked about "Tang History" at the last semester of the University of Hong Kong and "Tang Dynasty Literature" in the next semester. The Pacific War broke out, Hong Kong fell, and Chen Yinque left Hong Kong. Until May 5, 1942, he returned to the Mainland from the Guangzhou Bay from Hong Kong, and later taught at Guangxi University. During this period, he wrote the "Draft of the Political History of the Tang Dynasty". This book focused on discussing issues such as the political system of the Tang Dynasty, the ruling group, the party, and the internal affairs and foreign affairs. It is rare for his research, compact and compactness of discussions. In the south of the war, Chen Yinque once again fled his family, moved to Chengdu, and taught at Yanjing University. During this period, he tirelessly completed the "Yuan Bai Poems". This book uses the history of poems to test his classics and seek its current scriptures. It can be described as unique eyes. It also opens up countless new ways for scholars who govern the text and history. Chen Yinque's family studies are a generation of poets. Although he never lives with the "poet", his poems have unique poems. In the spring of 1945, Chen Yinque's left eye retina was exacerbated, which led to blindness. Although he was surgery in Chengdu Hospital, it was unsuccessful. In the fall of that year, I went to Britain for treatment, but the retina wrinkled together due to the failure of Chengdu surgery, which could no longer be flattened. After returning to the country, he returned to Tsinghua Garden, who was nine years old, and recalled all kinds of that year. Nowadays, blind disability can be said to be a sense of intersection. But despite this, he never considered his body, he opened classes in the Chinese Department and History Department. On December 25, 1948, more than 20 people including Chen Yinque and Hu Shi and his wife took the opportunity to Nanjing, and took a train to Shanghai to live in Yu Jianjia's house. Fu Sinian repeatedly issued a telegram, urging him to go to Taiwan with the Kuomintang government. Chen Yinque declined and decided to stay on the mainland.

The Chen Yinque family filmed a family portrait in Guangzhou in 1951.

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On January 16, 1949, he took a boat from Shanghai to Guangzhou, and he never left Guangzhou. Chen Xujing, president of Lingnan University, and others were waiting on the dock. Chen Yinque came to Lingnan University and was still appointed as a professor in Chinese and historical departments. In the 1950s, Chen Yinque also had the idea of ​​returning to Beijing, and later failed to do it. From his poems, you can see some emotions in Lingnan. Scholar Xia Zhongyi said that Chen Yinque has a pure and rigid scholar. This kind of wind bone will not be broken for power. This spirit is also the precious quality of intellectuals.

Chen Yinque took a photo at Zhongshan University, Guangdong in 1959.

Since September 1953, Chen Yinque began to write "On Regeneration". Chen Yinque believes that the book is an unprecedented work in the pool, and the author Chen Duansheng was the most outstanding person among countless women at that time. After completing the "Recycling Fate", Chen Yinque relying on the assistant Huang Xuan's assistance to consult more than a thousand documents under the assistance of the assistant Huang Xuan. The book can be said to be Chen Yinque's life. In the early years, Chen Yinque had liked Qian Muzhai's poems. In the War of Resistance Against Japan, he got a Changshu Qianzhai red bean in Kunming, which re -ignited his old thoughts and read "Qian Muzhai Collection", especially for Qian Muzhai and Liu Ru. A relationship, interested, he re -annuated Qian Liu Shi, and in the process of note, Chen Yinque found that Liu Ruo was not only a prostitute that descendants, but also a generation of talents. What he can can make Qian Muzhai is inferior to it, so he renamed his original book title- "Qian Liu's Marriage Poetry" to "Liu Rulai", and Liu Ru became the protagonist in the book. In the book, Chen Yinke wrote the historical sense of "lonely and hate" in addition to solving money and Liu Shi. He admired Liu Ru, not only praised his talents, but also admired his national spirit. This is also what Chen Yinque himself said "Book of Book of Red Makeup". Chen Yinque regards Liu Ru as a dissident, and he also names his own book "Jinming Pavilion" and "Han Liutang" as evidence. Chen Yinque's research is known for its fineness. What he calls is "evidence of poetry". In "Liu Ru's Biography", he is even more director. It can be said that from the perspective of cultural history, the economic, political, military, party, religion, art, and text of economic, political, military, party society, religion, art, and text can be said to be an important work in Chen Yinque's research in the history of the Ming and Qing dynasties. Chen Yinque's residence in Lingnan University and classroom (corridor on the second floor) in Lingnan University in 1950.

Chen Yinque appreciated Sima Guang's "Zi Zhi Tong Jian". He hoped to write immortal history books like Sima Guang, but the war and blindness of the eyes made him plan to fail. The historian Wang Rongzu said Chen Yinque: "He admires" Zi Zhi Tong Jian ", it is a great narrative to narrate the facts of this history. Because he has such a good discovery, if some narratives have been described, it is a one. Very great works are comparable to most of the works of British historians "Roman Dead History". Of course, there are factors such as the war of the times. Later, because of his physical reasons in his later years, his eyes were blind at the end of the War of Resistance Against Japan. In the 1950s, his feet fell again. Of course, this physical pain also limited his writing. "

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In 1964, Chen Yinque's most conscientious disciple in his later years went to Guangzhou to visit him. Chen Yinque entrusted his manuscript to Jiang Tianshu. Chen Yinque also wrote the article "Give Jiang Bingnan Preface" for this meeting. The last last words, especially "without insulting food, scholarship,", is a portrayal of Chen Yinque's life. In his later years, Chen Yinque began to write an autobiographical "Han Liutang Dream". By 1966, he completed seven chapters, which was a text that was condensed with blood and tears. He tried to leave a real history for the world, but the storm of the Cultural Revolution rose, and the manuscript has been unknown so far. At the beginning of the Cultural Revolution, the Red Guards rushed into the university and drove Chen Yinque's supporting assistant Huang Xuan and nurse. live. Just after the Spring Festival in 1969, Chen Yinque was ordered to move out of the Southeast No. 1 home. On October 7 of the same year, Chen Yinque walked his 79 -year -old life journey in his heart failure and intestinal infarction.

Forty -five days later, his wife Tang Yan also followed him in Jiuquan.

People could no longer see the red brick building in Kangle Garden, and the Chen Yinque couple walked along the white cement road and staggered. Chen Yinque's reason also left huge emptiness for the gallery of history and culture. It wasn't until a long time that people finally heard his empty valley.

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As a scholar, Chen Yinque's vision is international. Scholar Ge Zhaoguang said: "From the perspective of the scholars, the significance of Chen Yinque is to really make Chinese academics have an international perspective. During the time when he returned home, he actually stood on the same starting line as the international academic community. There are diverse methods and new ideas. His biggest strength is very solid, the literature data is very clear, and he will never show off with that rare and rare thing. " Scholars. He has both the deep skills of Qianjia Pu Xue and the deep literacy of the 20th century world cultural dialogue. Looking at Chen Yinque's life, there are enviable talents and family studies, as well as the wrestling blindness and feet. But his knowledge and character have always been admired by others and became a typical example of later generations.

In January 1949, Chen Yinque wrote a song "Jiujia Village, Guangzhou Kangle Jiujia Village in the New Year's Day":

For no reason to be a Lingnan native, Zhu Orange Banana is new.

I know today, buying flowers.

Whoever avoids Qin Xin is the same, and the more and more poorer will be more and more poor.

The exclusive village was shocked, and the pity of the river crossed the river.

The joy of "Lingnan" in the poetry, but there are also difficulties that are difficult to resolve, such as the shadow cannot be wiped off. Chen Yinque was sixty years old this year. In Lingnan, he spent the last twenty years in his life. A few years before his death, Chen Yinque had formulated a couplet for the lifelong companion Tang Yan: "Weeping and cow clothes, the loads became a break -up history / abolition of the disabled leopard, and Jiuquan treated the eyes a little." Heart cracked lungs, chanting a real singing. (Thanks to scholar Liu Jingfu to provide some photos of Chen Yinque)

■ Introduction to the author

Cai Dengshan

The famous writer in Taiwan, a former general manager of the marketing company and deputy editor -in -chief of the publisher of the film company, is obsessed with the film and modern literary historical materials for more than 30 years. Since 1993, the series of "Writers" series of documentaries, as producers and screenwriters. In the past four years, Lu Xun, Zhou Zuoren, Yu Dafu, Xu Zhimo, Zhu Ziqing, Lao She, Bing Xin, Shen Congwen, Pakistan, Cao Yu, Xiao Qian, Zhang Ailing, Biography.

He is the author of "April Sky on Earth", "Legend of the Legend -Zhang Ailing", "Lu Xun's Love", "Zhang Ailing Sex", "Where to Find You -Hu Shi's Lovers and Friends", Mei Lanfang and Meng Xiaodong, "Republic of China" "The figure", "Late Qingqing", "Two Life", "How many pasts are heavier", "Love and Wait and Gap" and other dozens of works.

Source ｜ Jingbao APP

Edit: Chen Jianguo

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