In China's earliest banknotes, there are so many knowledge points hidden!

Perhaps you have never paid attention to, but there is something in history that is unusual in history, that is currency.

Do you still remember that in "Menghua Record", the heroine Zhao Pan'er left Qiantang and prepared to go to Tokyo to do business.

During this time, she asked the actor's hand to convert the property stored in Qiantang with "flying money". The function of "flying money" is similar to "Jiaizi", which is the prototype of the Song Dynasty banknotes.

China is the earliest country in the world to invent banknotes.

As early as the end of the Northern Song Dynasty Taizong Chunhua (990-994), the private shops in Chengdu, Sichuan, invented the private relationship. Essence Since then, in addition to metal currencies in human history, it has newly invented the credit currency of banknotes. This is a major progress of human civilization and is of great significance.

How did the banknotes be invented? Why did it be accepted by everyone in Sichuan in the early years of the Northern Song Dynasty?

The new book "Chinese History on the Coin" recommended to you today tells the story completely.

The initial friendship is very different from banknotes

In 960 AD, Zhao Kuangyin launched Chen Qiaobing to establish the Northern Song Dynasty. After the defeat of Shushu in 19965, he occupied Sichuan.

After the capture of the Shu land, the Northern Song Dynasty ordered the occupation army to collect the local copper coins and transport them back to the capital Kaifeng, and prohibited the copper coins from other places from flowing into Shu Land.

The Song Dynasty left Shu Di a money that can continue to circulate -iron money.

The price of iron is lower than copper and heavier than copper. Therefore, the value of iron money is much lower than copper coins, but the weight is more than several times more than the copper coins.

At that time, Sichuan was an important place for commodities such as salt, tea, and silk, and the currency was very large. However, because the iron money is very bulky, 1,000 large -faced iron money weighs 25 pounds, and the medium -faced iron money weighs 13 pounds. To buy a 20,000 iron money with medium face value, you must choose the car.

Therefore, it is very inconvenient to pay for iron money with a slightly larger amount of transactions, which is even more unbearable to businessmen transported by long -distance trafficking.

As soon as the Northern Song Dynasty, the head of the court turned Sichuan into a specialized area, which brought a lot of inconvenience to the people of Shu land.

However, the Sichuan people, who are intelligent and innovative, have not been difficult to hold on this difficulty, but have created a new currency form to solve the difficulty of using bulky money to use bulky money. What is the way?

Smart merchants quickly discovered that businessmen who came to Chengdu to engage in community transactions were generally found to keep the money on their behalf because they needed to bring huge models. So a group of shops that specialized in custody for businessmen to keep their custody came into being.

They "pay for the money to see the money." It means that after receiving the iron money stored by foreign merchants, the merchants will issue a receipt called "Jiaizi" as a certificate of withdrawal.

These shops engaged in intermediary services are called "Jiaizi shop". The denomination of Jiaizi is completely filled in according to the amount of the money expressed by the depositor, that is, "the book fills in, not limited to how much." Therefore, the initial friendship is more like a live deposit certificate, which is far from the nature of banknotes.

What are the differences between flying money and Jiaizi?

As a friend's intercourse or cash check, in fact, many aspects are influenced by the Tang Dynasty flying money. In order to better understand how the next step of Jiaozi is developed from a living deposit voucher to banknotes, we need to compare the Jiaizi from the Tang Dynasty's flying money.

When talking about banknotes, "Song History" said that "the method of meeting, the method of intersecting the son, is covered with the money of the Tang Dynasty." "Yuan Shi" also said that the banknotes also came from the Tang Dynasty. Flying money.

So what is flying money? What does it have to do with Jiaozi?

In fact, whether it is talking about Jiaizi or flying money, it is inevitable to talk about the money shortage of the Tang and Song dynasties. It was precisely because of the money that the money was born.

"New Tang Book · Food and Goods" is recorded like this: Shishang Jia to Jingshi, the money of the money, and the wealthy family of the army, the army, and the envoys, and the vouchers were gently packed. Essence

The meaning of the whole sentence is that at that time, businessmen came to Beijing to do business, and after making money, they had to go to various places to buy. Because of the lack of money in Beijing, the court stipulated that businessmen could not transport money out of the city.

As a result, the smart businessman lent the current money to the office of local military officials in Beijing, or a wealthy businessman in the capital to receive a ticket as a debit, so that they can save them again.

After the merchant returns to the place, the coin can be paid after checking the voucher with the check of the tickets, but a certain fee is paid. This ticket is called "flying money".

Fly

There are two main functions played by flying money.

The first is the delivery of cash. The merchant first delivered the money to the Jingshi institution to receive the ticket. After returning to the place, it returned to cash with this ticket. This is a kind of "money -money", that is, the delivery process from money to money. Therefore, flying money does not actually play and exercise currency functions.

The second is that "coupons" must be used to withdraw money. The businessman took the "coupon" to the corresponding institution to "coupons", that is, check the proof to withdraw cash. Obviously, this method is just a one -way exchange.

This kind of "voucher" cannot be used for shopping and payment, and it can only be realized at a fixed point, so it is just a exchange certificate. Although it is paper, it cannot be regarded as a banknote. Flying money is essentially debit, borrowing money to repay money, and realizing only the transfer of cash in time. However, when a businessman deposits money from Beijing Division to pick up money, the cash transfers in space. In this way, the money was transformed from cash lending to a cash bill, and a new exchange business was born.

Inspired by this, as a friend of deposit credentials, if the holder can transfer it to a third party or can directly pay shopping, it will realize the leap to credit currency, that is, banknotes from the current deposit certificate. In this way, a new currency form, that is, banknotes, were born.

Under the background of Qianhuang, flying money as a cash debit, under the promotion of the imperial imperial court of the court to restrict the flow of copper coins from Beijing, transformed into a cash bill, which facilitates the large -scale trade between businessmen.

How does the friend who develops as a proof of deposit on time? What is the external motivation of this transformation?

The earliest banknotes in human history are related to this uprising

The reason why the friendship of the deposit of the same period of deposit was able to develop into banknotes in the end, in fact, it was related to a peasant uprising that broke out in Chengdu, Sichuan in the early Northern Song Dynasty, that is, the uprising led by Wang Xiaobo and Li Shun.

This peasant uprising was caused by the ruler of the Northern Song Dynasty to the Sichuan region.

After the Song Dynasty, the bronze coins of Shu land were searched back to the capital of the capital of the Northern Song Dynasty. Not only that, the Northern Song Dynasty also transported all the property stored in the Northern Song Dynasty back to the Beijing Division, and plundered it in the form of "supply" and other ways. The cloth produced in Sichuan has set up the acquisition and sales of "Bocai" monopoly cloth.

The same method is also adopted for the tea that is rich in Chuanxia, ​​which is monopolized and sold by the government to prohibit private transactions, thereby breaking the livelihood of many tea farmers and tea merchants. The vast number of farmers and handicrafts have therefore unemployment and their lives are even more poor.

In this context, Wang Xiaobo, who was born in tea farmers in Qingcheng County, gathered the people to launch an uprising in February of the four years of Chunhua. He declared: "I have uneven or poor in my illness, and today is the same." It means that I hate the unevenness of the rich and the poor very much. Rebelling today is to give you all the rich and the poor.

This practice of robbing the rich and the poor has won the support of the people, and the uprising team has quickly increased to tens of thousands of people. After Wang Xiaobo was injured and died at the end of the four years of Chunhua, his wife and brother Li Shun was elected as a new leader.

Under Li Shun's leadership, this uprising team became more and more brave. In the first month of Chunhua, it captured Chengdu and established the Great Shu regime. Li Shun claimed to be the King of Shu, changed the annual number to be at the time of fortune, and cast and distributed the two annual money of Ying Yuanbao and Ying Tongbao. This is the earliest currency cast by the earliest farmers uprising.

Yingyun ingot, picture: "Chinese History on the Coins"

In order to calm the rebellion as soon as possible, the court urgently mobilized the Song Army to siege. But this uprising has spawned the earliest banknote in human history.

This is because the people who previously opened the "Jiaizi shop" are rich in local financial resources and prestigious in the business community. With their own financial resources and prestige, they can ensure that merchants can use friends to exchange money at any time, which has established a higher reputation for Jiaoko.

Therefore, in order to reduce costs and facilitate trade, both parties to the transaction are gradually willing to accept the use of money such as Jiaosi to replace iron money for payment, so that Jiaizi can achieve "free of use" It can be used from far and near, and everyone is willing to accept it.

In this way, the intersection of just only the credentials of money was gradually used as a credit currency in a large commercial trade.

Especially after Wang Xiaobo and Li Shun's uprising spread to the whole of Sichuan, due to the influence of the war, the number of iron money cast by the Sichuan Casting Bureau decreased, which has even more contradictions with insufficient currency. As a result, Jiaozi is more and more commonly used as currencies in folk transactions.

Jiaozi can not only exchanged iron money to the issuer, but also buy goods in the market, so that it has completed the conversion of the role of the credit currency function from the deposit of money. As a result, a new currency form -banknotes were born.

As a result, Iron Money and Jiao Zi depended on each other, supplemented each other, and became compatible with each other. They jointly compiled a chapter in the history of ancient Chinese currency history, and inadvertently made important contributions to the progress and development of human civilization.

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