The Wonderful Thinking of the Gu Shu people -the release of the archeological excavation of the Sanx

At the sacrifice pit at No. 8 of Sanxingdui Site, archeologists are performing excavation. Xinhua News Agency

Part of the copper god altar shot at the sacrifice pit at No. 8 of Sanxingdui Site. Xinhua News Agency

Golden mask copper head shot at the sacrifice pit at No. 8 of Sanxingdui Site. Xinhua News Agency

Turtle -shaped mesh -shaped mesh shot at the Sanxingdui Site 7 sacrifice pit. Xinhua News Agency

On June 13, the Journal of Journal of Sanxingdui Site Archaeological Excavation Journalists was held at Sanxingdui Museum in Guanghan, Sichuan. The reporter learned at the ventilation meeting that 39 scientific research institutions, university colleges, and technology companies in the United Nations of the Sichuan Provincial Cultural Relics and Archeology Research Institute jointly carried out the work of archeological excavation, cultural relics protection, and multidisciplinary research in Sanxingdui site sacrifice area. Achievements. The ventilation will be reported that several years of buried pits have been clearly clarified, and a large number of new cultural relics have been announced.

Cultural relics continue to be new, and empirical Chinese civilization is diverse

In 2019, after the excavation of two sacrifice pits in 1986, the Sanxingdui site sacrifice area was found to be newly discovered, and it was officially excavated in October the following year. As of May 2022, the pits on No. 3, 4, 5, and 6 have ended the field excavation. Among them, the pits 3 and 4 have entered the stage of cultural relics. Cultural relic extraction phase.

A total of nearly 13,000 cultural relics were unearthed in six pits, of which 3155 were relatively complete. Golden masks, copper masks, copper -top junction, portrait portrait, copper dragon climbing cover, copper turned to kneel and sit on the portrait and other typical cultural relics.

At the ventilation meeting on the day, a group of new cultural relics shocked the appearance, and once again subverted the imagination of people, showing the wonderful imagination of the ancient Shu people.

In the corner of the No. 7 pit, a turtle -shaped grid is particularly eye -catching in a bunch of cultural relics: under the bronze grid with a bronze grid with four leaders with four leaders on one side, a blue green beauty jade The analysis of microbes found that it was likely to be wrapped in silk.

The 8th pit newly discovered a large number of bronzes that have not been seen before the shape, the copper altar, which is composed of three parts from low to high. It is not only a person, but also a god beast to portray a grand sacrifice scene. Copper portrait, holding hands on a bronze cricket with square seats, with a cinnabar painted respected on his head; copper pig nose dragon -shaped device, dragon head, pork nose, eyes on the nose, scales on your head, square teeth, square teeth, square teeth, square teeth, square teeth, square teeth, square teeth ; Copper wearing an ivory portrait, wearing an ivory shape on the ears, which provides clues to explain the role of a large number of earpills on a large number of masks ... According to reports, some of these utensils are sacrifices, and some may be decorative components of the sacrifice venue.

Ran Honglin, director of the Sanxingdui Archaeological Institute, said that the inner world of these cultural relics is still the harmonious concept of Chinese civilization "unity of heaven and people, all things symbiosis", and is an empirical evidence of Chinese civilization.

Experts comprehensive research believes that several new utensils excavated this time show that the Sanxingdui site has a close cultural connection with other regions of the country. The copper Zun, copper, and copper cymbals discovered by the No. 3 pits and No. 8 pits are typical of the Central Plains Yin Shang culture of the Central Plains. Bronze ware, the jade 来自 found from the No. 3 pits and No. 4 pits comes from the Qijia culture of the Ganqing area. The No. 3 pits, No. 7 pits, and No. 8 pits are found in Jade, jade, and jade in Henan, Shaanxi, Shaanxi, and Shaanxi, and Shaanxi, Shaanxi, Shaanxi, and Shaanxi. Shandong and the vast number of South China have been found that a large number of gold wares discovered in each pit are used in line with the traditional gold wares that have been used in the half -moon -shaped belt.

In addition, Shenshu, Dingzun's kneeling portrait, and a large number of dragon image utensils show that users of Sanxingdui sites in their own identity, etiquette and religion, and natural understanding of the heavens and the earth are similar to those in other regions of the country. The ancient Shu civilization is an important member of Chinese civilization.

Study simultaneously, it has been confirmed that the sacrifice pit age

"At present, 77 bronze wares have been cleaned, 120 jade artifacts, 44 gold wares, 678 ivory (sections), and 46 ivory carving remnants." Xie Zhenbin, chief engineer of the Sichuan Cultural Relics and Archeology Research Institute For the cleanup, protection, and research of unearthed cultural relics.

It is reported that the archaeological team has formulated a series of rules and regulations such as the "Rules of the Protection and Repair (Cleaning) Regulations of Sanxingdui Sacrifice Pit" and "Research Regulations on the Analysis of Cultural Relics Unerability of Sanxingdui Hunage Pit". Scientific, standardized, and standardized aspects. After fine and standardized cleaning and reversible physical solid, a large number of "heavyweight" utensils such as Dakou, Yuankou Fangzun, Dingzun Kneeling Portrait, Kneeling Portrait, Kneeling Portrait, Golden Mask, and Golden Mask The "standing" was achieved and displayed in the public in the public.

At the beginning of this excavation, archaeologists took the annual test as an important academic topic. During the excavation process, the six pits extracted nearly 200 carbon fourteen samples. At present, the buried age of several pits is probably within the scope of 1150 BC to 1000 BC. It has solved the disputes over the years of sacrifice pits over the past 30 years.

Multi -disciplinary studies related to the Sanxingdui site sacrifice area have also achieved fruitful results.

Micro -observation found that more than 20 bronze and ivory surfaces unearthed were found in textiles on the surface of the ivory, and the No. 4 pit ash layer residual textiles and silk thread marks; enzyme -linked immune technology found that there were silk protein in the 4 pit ashes. This fills the gap of no silk in the summer and business period in the southwest.

Modern testing technologies such as X -ray detection and CT scan found that the bronze casting process of Samsung Dou is a combination of Fan casting method and dividing casting method. It uses riveting and core bones and other technologies, showing that the ancient Shu ancestors' handmade technology is very mature. Analysis of micro -observation, high spectrometer and micro -nano CT, in the ashes of No. 4 pits, Zhuya, Nan genius, broad -leaved tree material, palm family, reed, grace family, cabbage, soybean, chrysanthemums, a small amount of carbonized rice, etc. Plants, which are more than 90%of Zhuya, which is of great significance to study the environment of the Sichuan Basin at the same time.

The research team found that the organic substances in each pit were severely degraded, but rich organic substances could still be detected. Among them, the analysis of fatty acids shows that the sacrifice pit has obvious evidence of organic matter with animal fat. The protein group detects the protein ingredients of oxen and wild boars. Combined with the characteristics of sacrifice in the Shang and Zhou dynasties, oxen and wild boars are likely to be used as sacrifice.

It is reported that the multi -disciplinary research work is currently ongoing, including ivory surface burning effects, jade Qin change analysis, jade and jade material and microne marks analysis, gold foil component detection, bronze and gold phase analysis, ivory ancient DNA analysis, etc. The results will be successively successive appear.

For more reasons, new discoveries are worth looking forward to

"For more than a year, one of our big gains is to further clarify the Sanxingdui sacrifice area." Ran Honglin said that from 2020 to 2022, a total of 1,834 square meters of sacrifice areas were discovered. The range of rectangular distribution is parallel to the Sanxingdui city walls adjacent to the north, with an area of ​​nearly 13,000 square meters.

Ran Honglin said that the business relics distributed in the sacrifice area are all related to the sacrifice activities, including the No. 1 pit, No. 2 pit excavated in 1986, and the newly discovered pits. , Small circular or rectangular sacrifice pits, as well as ashgou on the south, buildings in the northwest.

While continuing to excavate the six sacrifice pits, archeologists continued to explorate the surroundings. In the surroundings of the 8 sacrifice pits that have been excavated, they not only found a large architectural relic, but also found a large number of small sacrifice pits. It is speculated that the ancient Shu ancestors' sacrifice zone may be.

"This building is located on the west side of the archeological greenhouse with an area of ​​only more than 80 square meters, but the construction process it uses is very complicated." Ran Honglin said that the state of the building foundation shows that this is not an ordinary building, and it is in its where it is in it, and it is in its place, and it is in it. There are also small buildings with the same shape and craftsmanship. Initially speculated that this is a planned building complex, and its specifications are also very high. Is this complex for the temple for Sanxingdui sacrifice? Further excavation may provide evidence.

Among the sacrifice pit around the eight sacrifice pit, archeologists discovered precious cultural relics such as gold wares, collar copper 瑗, kneeling on stone tigers, kneeling sitting stone people, Shi Yan, Shi Jian, jade chisel, turquoise and ivory.

The Jinsha site inherited from the Sanxingdui site, 12 pieces of stone kneeling were unearthed, and their hairstyle was divided into the shape of the kneeling stone man discovered by the Sanxingdui site. This type of image has been discovered at the Sanxingdui site and the site of the Fangchi Street in Chengdu, but it is not found in other parts of China. It should be an artistic statue unique to the ancient Shu Kingdom.

"There are some important cultural relics, which can be imagined that these pits are also important." Ran Honglin said that there are more than ten sacrifice pits that are currently confirmed, and more may be found in the future, but for the consideration of protection, it has not yet been for the time being. The final confirmation and excavation of these sacrifice pits are performed.

Ran Honglin introduced that under the surface accumulation of the existing sacrifice area, there are also sacrifice pits that buried the entire ivory or relatively complete jade artifacts, indicating that the sacrifice area continues to use it for a long time, and the six new pit currently excavated is a sacrifice represented by the sacrifice. The relics are the late relics in the sacrifice area.

In areas outside the sacrifice area, and the early stacking of the stacking area of ​​the sacrifice area, the living relics are found, which is mixed with more ashes, burned soil particles and crushing pottery. ~ In 3700, the residential relics outside the sacrifice area and overlapping the sacrifice area are about 3,000 years old.

"Whether to discover, when to discover, and how to discover it, we will report to the national cultural relics department for approval before executing." Ran Honglin said.

More new discoveries for Samsung Dou, it is worth looking forward to.

(Our newspaper Sichuan Guanghan, June 13th. Reporter Zhou Hongshuang Li Xiaodong)

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