"Ulisi" Birth of Paris

Many people know that Ulysses (1922) is the work of Irish writer James Joyce (1882-1941), but it may not be known that the first complete "Ulisis" It was published in Paris. 2022 is the 100th anniversary of the birth of this work, which is of special significance for the publishing party of "Yulise" -Shakespeare Bookstore in Paris and even the entire French literary circles.

From February 2 (the day of the publishing of Yulisis "to June 16 (Bloom Day), Shakespeare Bookstore held recitation activities in a row, and more than 100 writers and artists from all over the world were respectively Reading the clip of "Ulysses" to show commemoration. Looking back on a century, the pinnacle of this representative English literature can be published in Paris for many reasons.

Wisdom -Eye Bagnar Ms.

In the afternoon of Sunday, July 1920, Sylvia Beach (1887-1962), the owner of Shakespeare Bookstore, Latin, Paris in the United States, and Aderian Monier, a French woman who was also a bookstore owner, was invited Participated in a party organized by a French poet. At the party, the poet said to Bikou: "Irish poet James Joyce is here." This surprised her.

It turned out that a few months ago, when Joyce and American poet Ezra Pound (1885-1972) first met in Italy, Pound advised him to come to Paris. At this time, Joyce had just completed Chapter 14 of "Ulysses". He accepted Pound's suggestion. The evening party is to get the wind for Joyce.

That night, when everyone talked about literature, Joyce slipped to another room. Biqi also came to this room and asked Joyce, who was standing between the two bookshelves: "You are the great James Joe. Ice? "Her voice trembled when she spoke. Joyce raised his eyes from the book to see this petite American woman, stretched out his slender hands and reported his name. His English with Ireland. He was handsome, but his eyes had problems, hiding behind thick lenses. The name of her bookstore (Shakespeare and Company, literally translated as "Shakespeare and Company") made him laugh. They knew like this.

The next day, Joyce came to Biqi's bookstore. They talked about his manuscripts published in the United States. According to Pound, the first few chapters of "Yulisis" were serialized on a pioneer magazine "Small Review" in the United States from 1917 to 1918. The magazine owner is also two women, named Margaret Anderson And Jane Heap. However, the department responsible for the review of the book and newspapers believes that the content of the novel is obscene and vulgar, and "corrupted young people and challenged evil." The author was even prosecuted to court, and "Ulysses" was sentenced to no publicity in English -speaking countries. Several issues of the novel "Small Review" was ordered to be burned, the magazine was closed, and the publisher was arrested.

Biqi and Monier have heard of the publication of both the United States and the United Kingdom, but they know its literary value. France is a place where this work can be published freely at this moment, so Biqi proposed that Shakespeare Bookstore will publish "Ulysses". Although Biki has no money and has no publishing experience, Monier is a staff member. Essence Joyce has not played any encouragement in this regard. He said to Bi Qi: "You will not sell it in a book. This book is tired of reading."

The two versions of Britain and France have appeared in succession

On February 2, 1922, the English version of "Ulysses" came out in Paris. Bi Qi intends to choose this day because the author's 40th birthday. The cover of the blue -bottomed white character is reminiscent of the Greek flag, showing the echoing relationship between the work and the Homer epic "Odyssey". 1,000 volumes in the first edition, book sale. In the following 14 years, "Yulisis" was printed 14 times and sold 28,000 copies. Many are bought by the British across the Strait Strait because they can't buy them in the UK. The United States also brought a reputation to the book's ban. It is said that George Bernard Shaw (1856-1950) and Churchill were people who secretly bought this book earlier.

During the publication, Biqi also encountered many difficulties. Because the author has eye diseases, there are many spelling errors in his manuscript, and he cannot correct the manuscript himself. The typesetting workers do not understand English. It is said that there are as many as 5,000 errors in the first edition of "Ulysses".

Monier decided to publish a law translation after reading "Ulysses" for the first time. In December 1921, the original English was published, and the translation work had begun. French writer and poet Valery Lab (1881-1957) began to translate the section of Bloom and the two bars in the novel, and read this translation in a lecture to let the audience feel the music of the work. He also translated Molly's unique section and published in the magazine. In April 1922, he declared in an article that Joyce is the greatest English writer in the world today. He can be with Jonathan Swift (1667-1745) and Laurence Sterne (1713-1768). Compare with Henry Fielding, 1707-1754). The ban that he encountered in the United States is just as French writer Flains (1821-1880), Podlair (1821-1867), and American writer Walt Whitman (1819-1892). Labo's article is a guide for French readers. "James Joyce's most amazing place is a trip to this era. In this era, the power of creation comes from his own awakening." The meaning of the ancient words does not need to find the source of the spirit in ancient times. He also said: "Obviously, the author has never given up the human perspective of the characters in his works. No matter what the advantages and disadvantages these characters have, whether they are humble or lofty, they are people. One day. This is what we see "Yulisi". "

In 1924, August Morrele (1820-1874) began to translate the full -book "Ulysses", which was completed in 1928. Labo was responsible for reviewing, and Joyce himself also participated in the audit. In 1929, Monier first published a complete translation of "Ulysses" legal translation. It was not until 1934 that the U.S.'s publication of the book was canceled. Britain has to wait until 1936.

Paris, as a modernist soil

"Yulisis" can be published in Paris. In addition to the help of the two ladies, it is also related to the cultural atmosphere of Paris.

In the 1920s, shortly after the end of the First World War, the revival of the British and American economies and the depreciation of francs made Paris a popular capital of people. Not only do tourists from English countries come, but they can't leave. It is easy to find English newspapers, taverns and concert halls in Paris. These foreign people are listening to jazz, drinking coffee, and cocktails here. The left bank of Paris focuses on immigration artists and poor students in Latin. Shakespeare Bookstore has become a cultural exchange center for English people. Boss Biqi and his friend Monier not only opened the bookstore, but also provided a fixed address for retractors and receiving letters for foreign exile writers, and introduced them to French editors and publishers.

At this time, the writers who came to Paris were Pound, Heming Miller Hemingway (1899-1961), T.S. Thomas Stearns Eliot (1888-1965), Henry Miller (1891-1980), Sworia F.Scott Fitzgerald (1896-1940), Getrude Stein (1874-1946), etc. Various works recitation and lectures have also discovered French readers to discover the new continent of literature -American literature and English literature. Of course, it was found that French writers, Andrei Jide (1869-1951), George Duyami (1884-1966), Yule Roman (1885-1972), and Labo, all came to exchange exchanges People who are active. Most of these people belong to the "confused generation". The First World War and their brutal scenes destroyed their youthful dreams, but in the exchange of literature and art, they found comfort.

Joyce himself was surrounded by such an environment after arriving in Paris. "Yulisi" has been regarded as the opening work of modernist literature today, but it was like a seed and needed to find the soil suitable for it. In Paris in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, modernism has sprouted and flourished in various fields. New art, symbolism, expressionism, cubism, etc. in painting, sculpture, music, and literature have penetrated and influence and influence. Artists from all over the world meet in Paris to enjoy the free air needed for artistic creation.

Joyce left Ireland in 1906, in order to get rid of the restraint of the family and the restrictions of religion. First in the Riyaster in Italy, and then in the neutralist region of Zurich, English. He himself is interested in European culture. He speaks Italian with two children at home and speaks German, Greek and French. The work published during exile (Dublin "(1914)," Portrait of a Young Artist "(1916), etc., won a certain reputation for him. His work style is closer to European mainland writers such as Iboson, not Irish literature.

Dadaism, which started in Zurich in 1916, Joyce should be in his eyes. Soon, Dadaism, which advocated the entire negation of traditional culture, was replaced by surrealism. The abandonment of reality has led people to the pursuit of myths, and the dislike of orthodox art has emerged. Myths and dramas are imitated as the two major art trends in this era. "Yulisis" laid the story framework of Homer's epic "Odyssey", and traditional linear narratives were replaced by mythology. Objective narrative and inner monologue are mixed, showing a complete break with the 19th -century literature. When Joyce, with a world -sighing vision, arrives in the base of modernist thoughts in Paris with a modern "Yulisis", Paris and "Ulysses", just as the water is in fish, their encounters are accidental. inevitable.

The impact of "Ulisi" on France

Although "Yulisi" has not been banned in France, although it has not been banned like the United States and Britain, it is not smooth sailing. After the English version was published, the sound of criticism was more than praise. It was not until the publication of French translation in 1929 that more praise was received. Robert Conoper, a literary critic of the World News, took two weeks to read it for a full two weeks. The feeling after reading was: "A large sea, a big flood ... a huge book, left no one after reading, left no left to leave nothing left. Except for a drum, dazzling, tired space. Just like reading Labere (1494-1553), it is both beautiful and disgusted. "

The French translation in 1929 was later published several times in Galima Publishing House. It was not until 2004 that the new translation was translated by 8 people under the leadership of Jacques Obel, and was published by Galima Publishing House again.

In the past 100 years, "Yulisis" has not only allowed French readers to appreciate Joyce's writing art, but also promoted the modernization of French literature by affecting French writers. The founder of the new novelist Alan Rober (1922-2008) publicly acknowledged that he wanted to write because of Joyce. Claude Simon (1913-2005), who is also a representative of the new novel, said that he learned to read from Joyiam Faulkner (1897-1962). French contemporary novelist, critic, and structuralist genre representative Philip Sorleles is a Joyce research expert. He often serves as a research paper on Joyce on his pioneer magazine "Original". La Kang (1901-1981) first saw Joyce at the age of 17, and he later explained his psychoanalytic theory with the content of Joyce's work. Contemporary French writer Philip Frester did not think that "Yulisis" was a "unable to read" book, and he said that everyone could read himself from it.

In order to commemorate the 100th anniversary of the publishing of "Ulysses", many venues in Paris, including Shakespeare Bookstores, have organized relevant celebrations, and reached a climax on June 16 "Bloom Day". A century has passed, and Shakespeare Bookstore is still continuing its legend. If one day you come to Paris, I recommend you to come to this online celebrity punching bookstore, although it has changed the address. But once you enter the bookstore, you can still feel the artistic atmosphere of Latin Paris. Imagine Joyce's "Yulisis", from here to Paris and the world.

(Author is an associate professor at the Chinese School of Chinese University of Languages)

Source: China Social Science Network-Journal of Social Sciences of China

Author: Yang Qian

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