Chasing the wind, a trip to European culture search

Everyone can feel the existence of wind, the power of wind, and the influence of wind. Since the 19th century, scientists have begun to have more understanding of the wind, and the wind has gradually entered the field of research in western science, culture, and art from a simple natural force. In "The History of the Wind", the French micro -history and sensory history expert Alan Koban opened the door of historical research from a minimum place, leading readers to start a cultural exploration on "how wind affects world science and cultural processes".

■ Zhao Cong

Everyone can feel the existence of wind, the power of wind, and the influence of wind. Since the 19th century, scientists have begun to have more understanding of the wind, and the wind has gradually entered the field of research in western science, culture, and art from a simple natural force. In "The History of the Wind" (June 2022 Edition of Peking University Press), the exquisite small book, French micro -history and sensory history expert Alan Koban opened the door of historical research from a subtle place, leading readers to open a game Cultural exploration about "how the wind affects world science and cultural process".

Move the wind and name it for the wind

In Europe, people use the wind to mark the position, formulate the strategy of fishing and hunting according to the wind, and often name it based on the characteristics of the wind. Each name related to wind is passed down from generation to generation, constituting people's main cognition of wind ...

In the 19th century, the famous French historians, the "Father of French History", and the Confucian Mishley, who had "The Soul of Nature", listed the four kinds of southern winds that were prevailing all year round when depicting a mountain charm - —— Burning Wind, Antan, Siroko, Simon. In France, the most famous regional style is Mistira. It is cold, dry and fierce, blowing from north to northwest, in the triangle area formed by Velans, Montpellier and Ferryce, the speed of gusts usually reach 100 kilometers per hour. The corridor became more violent. The Mistra wind has a strong impact on the local natural environment -it makes the vegetation tilt and the cliff wind erosion is severe; it makes the sky dry, cause fire, and it will also overturn the roof; at the same time, it also makes the sky brighter.

Usually, Mestra winds will last for one to three days, and then move to the sea and blow all the way to Coskaja and the Bali Ari Islands.

Not only is the Mestra wind, as the Alan Koban said, every kind of wind makes people feel its existence in its own unique way: some winds will sing, some wind will whistle, some wind will be compared with Other winds bring more obvious aroma and smell. Some winds are easy to cause accidents, and drivers who drive are the most clear about it -how many places are there, and how many people are.

The real wind is the light, sound, ocean or land taste of the sky, and the direction of its blowing. They all have specific visual characteristics ...

From mill, navigation map to balloons

The wind shakes the mast to tear the sails into fragments, and the "beautiful" wind brings joy and wealth to the local area. In a record about Misti Wind, we found that in February 1855, it caused the Samyan frigates to sink in the Bonanfaco Strait; and in the middle of the 19th century, it benefited all the owners of all windmill mills. Essence

Through the research and analysis of the wind, people invented various objects to stimulate the beneficial effects of the wind, that is, to promote air circulation: fan for people, trees around the swamp, wind wheels and horizontal windmills, borrowed The power of the wind fired artillery, the sails on the boat ... and at the quarantine station, if the cargo was suspected of spreading the plague, people would order it to ventilate the epidemic.

French novelist, "The Last Lesson", Alguez Dude, in the fairy tale "The Secret of Master Genarel", borrowed a villager's mouth to have a good praise for the birth of the windmill:

In the past, the farmers who were around dozens of miles around would send wheat to grinding here. "Around the village, all these hillsides are covered with mills. Whether you look at it from the left or right, you can only see that the windmill leaves are passing through the pine forest through the pine forests. The Mitstera wind rotates, and the group of little donkeys are full of sacks. "Those" canvas squeak "on the windy leaves are full of joy. "On Sunday, we went to the mill in groups ... The owner of the mill will invite us to drink wine ... These factories ... bring joy and wealth to the local area."

At sea, the wind controls all routes and determines whether the route is feasible -the completely dominated by the ship's voyage, and the route is determined by the wind at the time of sailing. During sailing, I was most afraid of encountering "gusts" and hurricanes. "Anti -wind" will affect the movement of the boat. If you encounter "top wind", you must step forward. The sailors like the calm and quiet, and the better thing is to meet the good wind "borrowing" and "smooth wind". In the "downwind" direction, they can "go to the wind".

In 1870, Lyon Bladt designed a research plan to go to various ports to check the wind data recorded in the archives. His research results, the Statistical map of the North Atlantic Ocean, announced at the UN General Assembly held in Paris in August 1875. In 1877 and 1880, he successively published the South Atlantic, Pacific, and Indian Ocean monsoon. Until 1940, the map he painted was the official reference of all French warships.

Before the airship appears, the balloon at high altitude is driven by wind. According to the usual statement at the time, the driving of the balloon should be "in line with the wind." Therefore, pilots are more inclined to see wind as a decisive factor in driving experience than the helmsman sailing at sea. In this way, the person who traveled to the air for the first time not only witnessed the wonders of the earth, overlooking the familiar scenery on the ground, but also felt the wind in a new way, appreciated the loneliness of the sky, the silence of the night and the silence of the night and the silence of the night and the silence of the night and the silence of the night and the silence of the night and the silence of the night and the silence of the night and the silence of the night and the silence of the night and the silence of the night and the silence of the night and the silence of the night and the silence of the night and the silence of the night and the silence of the night and the silence of the night and the silence of the night and the silence of the night and the silence of the night and the silence of the night and the silence of the night. The loneliness of travel ... "Our life is woven from the wind"

In any kind of civilization, the wind is one of the earliest gods. "Genesis" records that before creating the world and light, "a god's wind blows the water." This is the first debut of the Bible stroke. In "Psalm", God will blow up the "wind" to them. The world understands the anger, control and protection of the Holy Spirit through the breathing of the wind. No wonder people often say that sailing on the "Sea of ​​God" in the Mediterranean Sea is like a sign of the entire life journey. The destination is port, that is, redemption.

In the punishment and blessings of the wind, the journey of the world was lost in Hao Miao, and in the sacred silence, it was completely controlled by the wind. Only then did we know that we were the people of the wind.

Since then, the image of the wind has always existed, changing and very romantic.

In "Odyssey", the wind led Odshus's journey to make his journey ups and downs; in "Lost Garden", the wind brought sweet praise for Adam and Eve, and also brought God's anger; In the singing of the poet Osien, the dark energy contained in the wind condensed for a century; in the poetry concentration of the poet Li Le, the wind showed his violence and unremitting anger; It reveals the feminine trembling, turbulent the concentration of lust with lover ...

Wind is so important. In many drama works, the audience even needs to hear or feel the wind. If there is no wind in the scene of "Macbeth", what will the witch's wilderness and the scene where the king is murdered like? As a result, in the 19th century, all theaters must be able to let people hear and feel the breath of wind. Even the smallest theater, there is a fan, it is "a cylinder fixed on the frame with a layer of cloth on it." "When rotating the cylindrical cylindrical, the wooden bar and cloth friction produce the sound of wind. By changing the speed of the cylinder and the tightness of the cloth, professional mechanic can imitate the sound of different volume and sound quality."

There is no doubt that for thousands of years, human imagination of the wind has never stopped. We have learned how the wind has been tamed by humans in the "chasing journey" again and again, but has always maintained a dream -like power; It makes people feel that it has a subtle connection with the origin of the world and inspiration and the creation of the world, and it also makes us truly leading this sentence- "Our life is made of wind."

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