Jiangnan celebrities 丨 Wu Kuan: water separation or watching Qiuyun still

Original author: Wang Han

Notice! Intersection Intersection Never reprint without authorization! Intersection Intersection

In August of the eleventh year of Chenghua (1475), Wu Kuan was finally able to return to Wu Zhong to visit Wu Rong, who was infected with his disease. Although Wu Kuan, who was thinking about his father when he learned that his father was sick, he had been begging many times, but the emperor's grace was too late for Wu Kuan. On the way back to the Soviet Union, Wu Kuan received the evil consumption of Wu's death.

In August, the weather in the south of the river was sweltering, noise, and the summer heat was not reduced. Wu Kuan, who did not see his father's last side, was sad and cold.

Wu Kuan, the word original blog, No. 匏 庵, Changzhou. Born in the hometown of the township, his ancestor "taboo Shouzong, the end of the Yuan Dynasty, mellow and humble, and no bad words were tasted. His father taboo, from Dongzhuang Weng "Sex is filial piety, good treatment of life, can help poverty alleviation, especially the gift, such as the ancestral hall, the sacrifice device, and the ancient system. Things, people think of the law, and the respect of those who respect. "

As Dongzhuang Wengzi, the excellent family style naturally has also planted Wu Kuan's noble character. Regardless of whether he lived in Wuzhong or the leader's Pavilion, his cultural cultivation was well -known. The best friend Wang Yan praised him: "Static and mellow, from young to old, people do not see them. It is not a generous trip, but can be self -sustaining.

Ming Wu Kuan's "Xi Yu Poetry" Metropolitan Museum Collection

In addition to Gao Jie's character, Wu Kuan's profound knowledge is inseparable from Wu Rong's cultivation. Wu Father loved to buy books and collected books, and also cultivated Wu Kuan to develop the habit of reading. During the young Wu Xiye, the Wu Kuan exposure group of Hao Gui often reached "the short window of reading books, and the eyes are clearly clear. I do n’t know that in the desert garden. Because of "the essay ratio of the doubt is the same, the law is the same as that of the law, it is restrained, and it is not necessary to rush to speak with what you want." "Shi Xingxian was a good purchase of books, and he started to read" Selected Education ". Knowing the ancients had their own texts, and read" Historical Records "," Han Book "and the family of Tang and Song dynasties. . "Without the cultivation and guidance of the loving father, I am afraid that Wu Kuan will not become the second champion of Suzhou," Wuzhong First Smart ".

After eight years of self -Chenghua (1472), Wu Kuan has been living in Kyoto with the first high school champion with the first grade and the first test of the trial and temple test. Dengke and the first Wu Kirado, the name of the naming, was in the same way, but always yearned for the wild fun of mountains and forests, and had a shadow of Wu Zhongzhi's ambition. In addition to official duties, the text of the gathered books often shows the feelings of Huaixiang's thoughts.

Ming Wu Kuan's "Poetry Poems in the Garden" local Taipei Palace Museum Collection

Obviously, compared with the hustle and bustle, the duties are entangled in the capital, and the eternal Wu Zhong has become Wu Kuan's spiritual music.

In the past three years, Wu Kuan was allowed to return to the province for the first time, but was worried about the father Ding. At that time, the mountains and rivers, which had nourished the body and mind, seemed to be covered with a layer of sad gray in his eyes. The sorrow of thinking lingers for a long time, and even the following year, the funeral is still "turtles with towels every time they come."

Fortunately, Wu Kuan still has a friend who knows each other in his hometown. "匏 南 and Shen Qinan and Shi Ming ancient are the deepest, and they are still tiring." Friends Shi Jian and Shen Zhou have lived in Wuzhong for a long time, and "Baishi Weng and Wu Wending know the goodness." Shen Zhou is the most frequent friend with Wu Kuan. Perhaps it can be said that whether Wu Kuan's life is the pinnacle or low tide, Shen Zhou always wore liver and gall and accompany him.

Shen's anniversary Wu Kuan was nine years old. "Junchu is like a house, and he once lost the three sons of the suburbs." As early as Wu Kuanzhang and the first, he continued to experience the disappointment and the pain of his children's death. Shen Zhou often wrote poems and comforted his friends. He talked about the title of Wu Kuanjin's list and went to Kyoto as an official. Although he was difficult to see him, he often used fish and geese to complain with each other. It is also like Wang Yan in "Wu Wending and Shen Shitian's Handshake", "The thickest in Ishida, and there are many briefs."

There is a house named Dongzhuang in the Wu family. It was originally an old industry that Wu family was abandoned from the beginning of the Wu family. After Wu Kuan's high school champion, although he lived in Kyoto, he had not forgotten his hometown of his hometown. He had invited Li Dongyang and his colleagues in Hanlin Academy to chant his hometown ancestral house.

Ming Shen Zhou's "Dongzhuang Starting" part of the Nanjing Museum Collection

In the eleventh year of Chenghua (1475) to the 14th year of Chenghua (1478), Wu Kuan during the period of Guili was planted in a half -acre gap in the "East of the Home". "Pavilion", and wrote the famous "Medical Customs Pavilion". Friends Shen Zhou is a frequent visitor to Dongzhuang, and she is also familiar with Dongzhuang Jing. After Wu Rongzuo's ancient times, Wu Kuanzhi asked Dongzhuang to carefully draw the famous "Dongzhuang Gatabase".

Ming Shen Zhou's "Dongzhuang Starting" part of the Nanjing Museum Collection

Now when I look at this album, it is really difficult to sigh Shen Zhou's friendship with Wu Kuan. For example, the page of "Continuing the Ancient Hall" is open outward, and the statue of Wu Rong, who is worshiped, hangs in the middle. The word "continued ancient" emphasized that Wu Kuan continued his presence of his ancestors, did not forget to operate the old industry, and tried to miss the human feelings in the village.

Another example is "Zhenyi Okang", and the scribes standing on the Gao Gang alone, gaze through the smoke clouds, look at the colors across the country, which fits the theme of the Wangyun Sihuang hometown in the early Ming Dynasty. It means that Wu Kuan's filial piety of his ancestors also pinned the longing for Wu Kuan's life for Zhishi to return to his country.

In fact, shortly after Wu's death, Shen Zhou also faced the same sorrow. In the thirteenth year of Chenghua (1477), Shen Zhou's father Shen Heng was ill. In the same year, Shen Zhou began to worry about his father Ding, and asked Wu Kuan to write "Longchi Table" for Shen's father. The two people who lost their father "saw Matao's tears in each other." "The victory of Wuzhong Duohu and Mountains, Yu Qi and Shen Junqi went south." The two of the sorrow and busy traveled to the landscape many times, and drank the sorrow of wine, and the pain of the mourning relatives was a little resolved because of the help of a confidant.

Ming Shen Zhou "Send Wu Wending's Map and Volume"

It ’s just that there is always a parting of the fifteenth year of Chenghua (1479) in March, when the spring breeze has just blown the sorrow of the two people’ s heart, but the departure sadness has also been blown. Beijing's duty. "Long Yan is the pioneer for me, and the dive is deeply friendly." In order to thank Wu Kuan as a tomb watch for the first father, Shen Zhou "draw a mountain on the ten days and draw a water on the five days." And question volume.

"Send Wu Wending's Maps and Volume", also known as "Gift Wu Kuan Xing Xing Map Volume". In this volume, Shen Zhou did not use the conventional farewell to send a farewell graph, but instead rendering the loneliness of Wu Kuan's unique start. In addition, with Shen Zhou's paintings, there are also dragging verses containing sorrow "" After the reunion after the reunion, I can ask the rivers and lakes with the book. " The love of friendship is permeated in the entire scroll painting.

Ming Shen Zhou "Wu Zhongshan Rolls" local Shanghai Museum Collection

During the more than ten years after the parting, Wu Kuan did not have the opportunity to return to his hometown. Facing the cool and disgrace of the red dustmate, he couldn't help but send out "the city of the city, and the rivers and lakes." The emotions such as this trail want to shift the firewood ". Interestingly, because many people are asking for Wu Kuan, they also know that Wu Kuan loves Shen Zhou's paintings, so he goes to Wu Zhong to ask Shen Zhou to paint. And Wu Kuan received Shen Zhou's paintings, and had to provide appropriate help to the painters as a return, so Wu Shen was very tired and helpless. However, Shen Zhou's paintings soothed Wu Kuan's tired soul and Lin Quan's will from time to time. Therefore, Wu Kuan would say "occasionally open ink and ink pictures, comforting the mountains and forests."

Until the end of the seven years of Hongzhi (1494), "Kuan Wen is too pleasant to be mourned and will be deserved." The stepmother Wang was ancient, and Wu Kuan returned to the south to guard the system. However, Wu Kuan, who has been thinking about Hui to his hometown, never expected that this was the last time he returned to Wu.

Although the mother -in -law, although Wu Kuan was only married to the Wu family when he was 16 years old, he "lived in peace and care for his grandson, waiting for his marriage to peace, and he was quiet and heavy." He was not alienated with Wu Kuan. Therefore, Wu Kuan's return home has begun to be heavy and bored, and he knows that Shen Zhou is still accompanied by him. In addition to accompany Wu Kuan to deal with the funeral, repair Dongzhuang, Shen Zhou also asked him to climb the far away, remember the past, and accumulate each other, and weave many beautiful silhouettes for Wu Kuan's last time to return home.

Ten years of Hongzhi (1497), Wu Kuanfu returned to Beijing. At the age of seventy -one, Shen Zhou, "It’ s old, the crossbow is sent away. " The two sang all the way, hanging the ancient scenes, and said goodbye.

Ming Shen Zhou's "Farewell Map" local Shanghai Museum Collection

After Wu Kuan returned to the Beijing Division, Shen Zhou also wrote a friendship with the bidth of the river bank for "Jingkou Farewell Map". "Jingkou Farewell Map" is only about one -nineth of the length of "Sending Wu Wending Map and Volume", and it still has not been drawn according to the traditional farewell graph. In the picture, Shen Zhou and Wu Kuan sang peacefully in the main cabin. Although the pavilions and Liu Lanzhou outside the cabin set off the atmosphere of differentials, they were not only farewell, but also pinned Wu Shen's expectations for the next reunion.

After returning to Beijing this time, Wu Kuan's aspirations for many years have become stronger. In 1501, he wrote in the poem to his brother Wu Qian, "Spring wine must drink together, and want to be begging from the Mingzhu to return to the field." In the turn of the year, Wu Kuan begged back to his hometown again. When you have to be a person, Qing Xiangzhi's retirement has been reluctant to stay, and he should work as a deputy appointment and not to resign. '"" After two years (1504), Wu Kuan has been with age. The reasons for Gao should retire from the hometown. "The last said: 'Qing Xue is proud and reputable. The appointment of Fang Long, how should you lead the year and seek the rest and what he said is not allowed. Bachelor Wu Kuan, resumed begging. The last said: 'Qing Xuexue Wenwang, returning with Yiyou. Fang Xie appointed, it should be good to be good, how can it be forced and not allowed.' "" "... Wu Kuan was begging for disaster. The last said: 'Disaster disaster, and it is appropriate to repairs the province. '"

In the seventeenth year of Hongzhi (1504), who had not been begging for many times (1504), Wu Kuan, who was sick and ill, left the world in the dream of his home. In the first four days of the death, he was still coming with Shen Zhouxin to talk about the helplessness and expectations of Hui to return home.

Three years later, when the twilight Shen Weng read the "Getting Map of Jingkou", he thought of being separated from the old friends, and he wrote poetry clouds with tears.

"Bao Yunqi? Sui Yun Mo." In that sentiment, Wu Kuan, who often stood on the other side of the river and looked at Wu Zhong's relatives, friends, and homeland not only left the classic poems, but also the most difficult to rest.Nostalgia.And more than 600 years later, we standing on the other side of the long river of history, through the poems and letters of the predecessors, we can still feel the local complex and Suzhou consciousness flowing in the blood of the celebrities flowing in Wuzhong.references

1. Wu Kuan's "Home Collection" [M] Shanghai Ancient Books Publishing House, 1991.

2. Shi Shouqian's "Style and World Change: Ten theory of Chinese Painting" [M] Published by Peking University Press, 2008.

3. Wu Gangyi's "Research on Shen Zhou Give Wu Kuan Sending Favorites" [J]. Chinese Art Research, 2018.

4. Research on Zhang Zhuoyuan's "Wu Kuan Calligraphy and Calligraphy Collection Activity" [D]. Tianjin Academy of Fine Arts, 2016.

Disclaimer: The original article of the museum is reproduced and must be authorized by the museum.The original articles of public welfare articles, the copyright of the picture belongs to the collector or the creator.

- END -