Please don't wear Guangdong back to Guangzhou in the Song Dynasty, because I'm afraid you don't want to come back ...

Author:Yangcheng.com Time:2022.07.10

If you ask which drama is the hottest recently, Liu Yifei and Chen Xiao's "Menghua Lu" must be on the list. Since its launch, this drama has become a frequent visitor to the hot search list. Douban scored 8.8.

In addition to the plot attracted much attention, the life scene of the Song Dynasty shown in "Menghua Record" has attracted many netizens' curiosity about this prosperous era. So what is the life of Guangzhou people in the Song Dynasty? Today, we "through the Cantonese" to the Song Dynasty and felt the Guangzhou style a thousand years ago.

Map of Guangzhou Song Dynasty, Tuyuan Network

To be old, we must abide by the rules of travel!

As the saying goes, "360 lines, the champion is out of the champion", the word "line" is extremely important for the Guangzhou boss of the Song Dynasty, because no matter how small business is in business, it must follow the guild system at the time.

In the Song Dynasty, due to the abolition of the Lifang system, the walls of the city gradually disappeared, and a series of open commercial blocks in Guangzhou had formed a series of open commercial blocks. In addition, the crash of the curfering system, Guangzhou's business industry was unprecedentedly prosperous, and the streets of streets were standing.

Source network

However, businessmen are very particular about opening a store in Guangzhou, and location selection is the primary problem. According to the official regulations at the time, the shops must be operated by "walking", and the shops on each street do almost the same business.

For example, the road of paper, leaving the bustling memories of ancient Guangzhou paper. According to the book "Book of Books and Blessings", before the Southern Song Dynasty, paper streets had already operated paper workshops, and the streets were named. Later, from Paper Road, Shishu Street to Tianping Street (now Tiancheng Road), large and small paper lines were listed on the street, forming a professional street.

Source network

In fact, some old places that have been circulating to this day in Guangzhou, such as Micheng Street, velvet streets, rain hat streets, agate alleys, ivory alleys, embroidery workshops, etc., all retain the unique imprint of the guild system.

Source network

In addition to the site selection, Guangzhou people in the Song Dynasty also needed to comply with many rules. For example, the teahouse of Nanzheng Street (now Haizhu Middle Road) in the Song Dynasty stands up. If someone wants to open a store on this "food street", you must apply to the government, pay a sum of money at the same time, and join the tea building industry.

With the "Member" qualification, we can openly welcome guests. During the tea house, what kind of price is to purchase tea, ask a few helpers and apprentices, how much wages ... These things are determined by the conference.

Source network

At the same time, each industry has a secret words that are popular in the line, known as "talk". In order to conservative business secrets, all walks of life have made their own tricks when editing "talk".

For example, some industries use "Ding Buhou, Showing Non -Small, Wang Bu Li ..." to refer to numbers; there are also some industries using allusions to express it, such as "Taoyuan" as three, "bamboo forest" seven, " Kui Chuan "Five ... These secret words, laymen seem to be confused.

Source network

Fan Gui, Guangzhou welcomes you very much!

In addition to the prosperity of the local businessman Jia, the economy of Guangzhou in the Song Dynasty was also reflected in overseas trade.

Because the "Silk Road" was blocked by several regimes in Liaoning, Xixia, and Jin, and the southeast coastal areas were relatively stable, the government of the Song Dynasty actively developed maritime transportation. Among the coastal ports, Guangzhou's foreign trade is the most developed. The taxes obtained by Guangzhou due to overseas trade are far greater than other ports.

Source network

Chinese and foreign merchants gathered in Guangzhou, transporting rhino horn, ivory, Cuiyu, 玳瑁, lobborn agarwood, white cardamom, and replaced various exquisite porcelain, silk fabrics, sugar, wine, tea and rice, sold to the Philippines, Malaya, Indonesia, Indonesia, Indonesia, Indonesia Singapore, Iraq, Egypt and other places.

The Northern Song Dynasty Guo Xiangzheng marvel at the Guangzhou market: "Dendrobium is the city of rice, and the raised rhinoceros is like shoulder wood." This means that selling beads like selling rice, fighting the amount of land; Pick away the street with a flat burden. People who had not seen the world were amazing, but the people of Guangzhou at that time were commonplace.

Source network

In order to better manage overseas trade, Guangzhou has established the first domestic market, which is equivalent to today's Foreign Trade Commission and Customs.

At that time, foreign merchants who came to Guangzhou were treated by the city shipping department. Whenever the community business exchanges, the city shipping department had to set up a banquet to entertain foreign businessmen.

The City Ship Department is the predecessor of the customs.

It is said that at the banquet, there are authentic Lingnan cuisine such as lobster and crab, catfish Yaozhu, Xiangbi fish pupa, and ice dumplings lychee paste. According to the "Song of the Songhui", the Guangzhou Shipai Department will spend hundreds of two silver every year in entertaining Fan merchants to eat and drink.

There is no lychee in the lychee cake, but black and cinnamon, Tuyuan Network

Many foreign merchants are happy to go to Guangzhou to do business. They live in "Fanfang", located in the north to today's Zhongshan Sixth Road, Huifu Road in the south, to Renmin Road in the west, and east of Mi City Street.

It is little known that many places in Guangzhou have traces of Fanfang. The "Sweet Water" in Sweet Water Lane is the transliteration of the Arabic "Chinese Hills"; the "apricot flower" in Xinghua Lane is the "shipbuilding shipbuilding in Arabic. "; Penglai North Street's" Penglai "means" Allah to Great "...

Source network

"Fangfang" has become a unique landscape in Guangzhou City in the Song Dynasty, and their customs and customs have injected a strange exotic atmosphere into Guangzhou. Here are Persian women wearing more than 20 earrings, "suits and leather shoes" Europeans, and Southeast Asians who are addicted to betel nuts ...

Because the Persians and Arabs living in the "Fanfang" are the largest, the first Chinese mosque — Huaisheng Temple is also built here. Now, Guangta Road is named after the light tower of Huaisheng Temple located here. Huai Sheng Temple Light Tower, Tuyuan Network

For the living habits and religious etiquette of foreign friends, the Guangzhou people in the Song Dynasty were not only very tolerant, but some people even imitated their clothes -wearing white scarves in their heads and long back their heads. Later, the Song Criminal Law pointed out: "The people of Guangdong mostly use white scarves, Xi Yifeng, and wounded, and the state and counties are prohibited."

Some Guangzhou people also want to imitate Fanke's use of foreign spices. Its fragrance is very strong. When I walk on the street, I have not seen the guests. I have smelled its fragrance first. Some merchants in Guangzhou want to imitate the rose water of the big food country, but because there is no rose raw material, they can only use the light taste.

The rose dew bottle appeared in the dressing utensils, the picture source network

The integration of foreigners and Guangzhou people is also reflected in the marriage. Many "foreign Lang" found a "local daughter -in -law". According to the provisions of the Song Centers, foreign businessmen who temporarily live in Fanfang shall not marry Chinese women; those who settle for a long time can marry Chinese women (except Zhao, because the emperor's surname Zhao), but must not bring abroad.

Overall, during the Song Dynasty, the court and the government were very tolerant and preferentially treated with foreigners. Foreigners and Guangzhou people could live peacefully. Guangzhou has gradually gained the prototype of international cities.

Student brother, have the opportunity to make ahead!

Since Guangzhou is a place where wealth is gathered and far from the Central Plains of the mainstream cultural center, in the Song Dynasty, foreigners held a prejudice against Guangzhou's "struggle to shoot profits, no knowledge of learning", and believed that Guangzhou was the "desert" of cultural education.

In fact, the Guangzhou education system is relatively complete in the Song Dynasty. During the Song Dynasty Qingli (1041 ~ 1048), Guangzhou was converted into the school's "Guangfu School Palace" near Xicheng Fan City. After many migration and expansion, the scope of Guangfu Xue Palace covered a large area between Zhongshan Road, Wende Road, and Civilization Road to Fuxi Street. Now, the 13th Middle School, the Children's Department of Zhongshan Library, the Wende Primary School, and the First Workers' Cultural Palace are all built on its site.

Source network

In addition to the "public schools" such as Fu Xue, the private academy in the Song Dynasty was even more vigorous. Since ancient times, education has been "academic officers and children's children", but the emergence of the Song Dynasty academy broke the monopoly of education in the official family. In the seventeenth year of Jiading (1224), the first college recorded by Guangzhou, the first text record of Guangzhou, was born, and was born on the west side of the Temple of the Temple of Jincheng.

Yushan Academy, Tuyuan Network

Most of the purpose of students and buds to study the sages are mostly for the imperial examinations. In fact, before the Song Dynasty, there were no fixed places in the Guangdong imperial examinations, and most of them were held in the Buddhist temple. In the Song Dynasty, the Gongyuan was built in Guangdong, and the provincial examinations in the imperial examinations gradually had a fixed site.

The Gong Academy of the Song Dynasty was destroyed by the war, rebuilt in the Qing Dynasty, Tuyuan Network

In order to prevent cheating, from the Song Dynasty, the imperial examinations began to implement the scroll system. "Teacher Scrolls" not only cannot see the name of the candidate, but also cannot score high scores by identifying the characters, because the recording staff will write the test papers with Zhu Bixuan and give it to the examiner for review.

Moreover, the examiners are temporarily appointed in the court. After receiving office, they must rush to the Gongyuan immediately.

There are many similarities between the provincial test of the Song Dynasty and the current college entrance examination, which is very fair. It is very difficult for the students to bribe the examiner if they want to bribe the examiner!

Source network

If Guangzhou students can be raised, they will experience a special ritual -簪广. When the new Ke Jinshi entered Xie En, sacrificed Kong Sheng, worshiped the teacher, and the owner, he had to be flower. At the end of the event, some bold poor, beggars, and prostitutes grabbed the flowers on their heads halfway with a little joy.

举举 has become a special symbol related to the imperial examination high school, so the atmosphere of Guangzhou men's puppet flowers flourished. Xin Qiji's words wrote: "Tonight, he is the first year." He reflects the psychology of scholars in the Song Dynasty.

Source network

In addition, it is interesting that Guangzhou in the Song Dynasty already had international schools "Fan School" and the imperial examination "Bin Gongke" facing these "foreign students".

Fanxian chose a scholars who have both knowledge and familiarity with foreign business customs as teachers, recruit foreign children, and learn Chinese culture. If you pass the imperial examination, foreign students can also enter the career, so the Fan guests are also keen to send their children to study in Fan.

In the lease, you can save money by holding your feet?

Reading hard and opening a store is not easy. What is the most longing for the Guangzhou people in the Song Dynasty? The probability of the answer is chartered! It is said that at that time, a word of saying in Guangzhou was "paid for the house, and the name was idiot", which means that it was a landlord to rent a house and make money easily.

The reason why the charterer can hold his feet to save money is largely because the rental demand in Guangzhou in the Song Dynasty is very large. According to historical records, the commodity economy of the Song Dynasty was developed, and the villagers worked at the time when the villagers were busy. There are more flowing population, and the house leasing industry is naturally developed.

Source network

Among these flowing populations, a large part is the foreign businessmen mentioned above. In addition to a few people who decide to live in Guangzhou and build a house for this, other foreign businessmen like migratory birds have to rent a house.

In addition, during the examination season or the school season, students from all over the place gathered in Guangzhou. The houses around the government were in short supply, and the rents rose. There were also various famous halls of "group rent" and "short -term rent". This phenomenon can't help reminding the price of hotels near the examination room during the college entrance examination and postgraduate entrance examination. Later, even the managers of Guangzhou government could not bear the temptation of making "money". The school also rented a house and called the "room gallery". The court did not oppose the approach of schools. After all, the money earned by renting a house can be used for the development of the school itself and helps reduce the financial burden.

Today's Fu Xuexi Street, Tuyuan Network

It is worth mentioning that the landlords and tenants of the Song Dynasty must pass the "intermediary". The real estate agent at that time was called "tooth people" and also had its own guild. In accordance with the regulations of the court, leasing must be insured by the "tooth people" in the middle, urging the two parties to sign a legal contract, and report to the government to report a "lease tax". This single transaction is legal.

Wang Anshi officially incorporated the teeth into the government system, Tuyuan Network

In fact, in Guangzhou in the Song Dynasty, everyone rarely bypass the intermediary direct transaction. Because after the formal lease process, tenants can enjoy a lot of benefits.

For example, officially stipulates that the chartered public should give the tenant's "rent -free period" for five days, so that the tenant moves at ease;

Source network

At the same time, the Guangzhou tenants of the Song Dynasty can also experience the "surprise" of rents and exemption from time to time. During the New Year, the rental public will be exempt from rent for three days; if plague or famine occurs, the court will also order the rent and exemption, and sometimes even reduce the rent for ten days and a half months.

However, the rental family in front of the screen does not need to be too envious. After all, "wool is on the sheep", the chartered public always has a way to make money ...

Source network

Whether it is a charter or a small tenant, whether it is a migrant or the elderly, ordinary people with different occupations and different identities together constitute the Guangzhou life scroll during the Song Dynasty. Relatively enlightened court rule, vibrant economic and trade, intelligent urban management, and the cultural atmosphere of Chinese and foreign interaction depicts the background and tone of Guangzhou's style in this era.