The "double” "in the history of the people's army -the comparative research of the whole training of the new spring of the Red Fourth Army and the creation of the Dawi Red Army School

"Double Two" in the history of the people's army construction

——The comparison study of the whole training of the Red Fourth Army and the Creation of the Red Army School of the Red Army

□ Fu Weijian

1929 is an important year in the history of the Chinese People's Liberation Army. On December 3, Mao Zedong and Zhu De led the Red Fourth Army to the new spring of Liancheng. Mao Zedong, Zhu De, and Chen Yi lived together in Wangyun Coset, and presided over political and military training. At the same time, at the beginning of December, the Red Fourth Army was set up in Longyan Daxi, and it was changed to the Red Army School. Zhu De was the principal and Mao Zedong served as the political commissar. Xinquan's whole training and Datsu Red Army School were created at the same time, but the object group, target task, and length of time are different, but they have a vein with the Gutian Conference. To the same brilliant effect. Through the comparative research of the two, it can be seen that the two are the same "double" in the history of the people's army, and it is a major contribution to the people's army for the people's army.

The whole training of Xinquan of the Red Fourth Army and the creation of the Datsu Red Army School are all thoughts and organization preparations before the major decision -making of the party and the Red Army, but the object group is different.

After the failure of the Great Revolution, the Chinese Communists realized the importance of guns. Starting from the Nanchang Uprising, our party began to lead the people's army. With the continuous development of bases and teams, the composition of the Red Army team is becoming increasingly complicated, and some bad habits have gradually existed in the Red Army teams, such as simply military perspectives, extreme democratization, flowing ideas, individualism and formalism. The existence has greatly affected the leadership of the party in the Red Fourth Army, realized the political establishment of the army, and improved its combat effectiveness. In 1929, many officers and soldiers expressed dissatisfaction with the current situation in the army, and their hearts floated. The Red Fourth Army urgently needed to rectify the ideological style of the army and clarify the ideological consciousness of disturbances. On October 22, Chen Yi arrived in Songyuan, Meixian, Guangdong, and held an enlarged meeting of the former commission to convey the central instructions and "September Letter". On November 26, Mao Zedong arrived in Changting and re -served as the former secretary of the Red Fourth Army. On the 28th, he hosted a meeting of the former Commission of the Red Fourth Army in Changting and carefully discussed the spirit of the Central Committee's "September letter". According to the "September September letter" about "the military technology of the Red Army must pay special attention, it should never be accompanied by the consciousness of farmers who do not like to train and organize, the Red Army has good military technology and strict military training in order to strengthen its own combat effectiveness" instructions. " The former committee expanded the meeting to carry out military and political training to completely correct the wrong ideas within the party and comprehensively improve the military quality of the army.

Xinquan whole training site (10,000 people)

On December 3, Mao Zedong and Zhu De led the Red Fourth Army to the new spring of Liancheng. Mao Zedong, Zhu De, and Chen Yi lived together in Wangyun Coset, and presided over political and military training. More than 4,000 people in the Fourth Army of the Red Army participated in the training and unprecedented scale.

During the whole training of Xinquan, the majority of officers and soldiers of the Red Armed Forces through in -depth learning and discussion and profoundly learned the lessons such as previously due to the weakening of the former committee leaders, which were affected by the impact of military operations. This has a deeper understanding of the importance of strengthening the party's leadership. It is of great significance to truly establish the party's absolute leadership principles in the thought of the Red Army. The whole training of Xinquan is the first large -scale and standardized whole army training of the Red Fourth Army. In particular, the scale and specifications of political training are the first time that the people's army has become the first of the institutionalization and standardization of our army's political training. The ideological and political construction and construction of our army The people's army has far -reaching significance. The whole training of Xinquan is an important milestone in the process of the construction of the People's Army, which greatly improves the party's leadership of the army, so that the officers and soldiers of the Red Army to clarify the meaning, nature, and role of the Red Army, improve the awareness of political ideology, strengthen the discipline of organizational discipline. The victory held a solid foundation.

In order to strengthen the construction of the Red Army, it is the basic condition to establish a cadre school to cultivate a large number of cadres with high military literacy. As early as July 1929, the "big" of the Chinese and western Fujian and western Fujian was held under the guidance of Mao Zedong, and it was decided to "establish and expand the Red Army of the Western Fujian, to open the Red Army School Training Cadres", and make full use of the military teaching owned by the Red Fourth Army. Resources began to establish the Red Army School. But it was not realized for a while.

In late November 1929, after the Red Fourth Army attacked Dongjiang to return to Minxi, according to the spirit of the central government's instructions (that is, the "September September letter"), the Central Committee decided to hold the Ninth Party Congress of the Red Fourth Army. He was assigned a special person to Sujiapo to welcome Mao Zedong to return to the Red Army to host the work. Leading the Red Fourth Army in Xinquan, preparing to hold important meetings. The Minxi Special Committee led by Deng Zihui still stays in Sujiapo.

At the beginning of December, while the whole training of Liancheng Xinquan, the Red Fourth Army followed the campus in Dali County (now Silla) and changed to the Red Army School. The Red Four Army led by Mao Zedong and Zhu De, with the cooperation of the Minxi Special Commission led by Deng Zihui's Minxi Special Commission, began to create the revolutionary practice of the Red Army School in Dawi.

On January 10, 1930, the Special Committee of the Communist Party of China reported the status quo of the Red School to the Fujian Provincial Party Committee: "After the Fourth Army returns to the western Fujian, the students of the camp will be followed by the students and the four columns. There are more than 130 people in the trainees, and they are armed 50 or sixty. They are compiled as two district teams in a headquarters. They will be canceled with the camp and set up large ponds. Comrades. The Captain of the Student Captain was charged with Comrade Shi Jingfeng (Shi Chifeng). Poor. Political instructor is selected by the special committee. Two lectures every day, and have achieved results since January. However, during the current period of convergence, the professor should feel difficult. The arrangement of students can make students practical exercises, and it is not supplement. The funds in the military academy have been allocated more than 2,000 yuan by the former committee. The principal and Mao Zedong served as a political commissar. This is the first time that the Red Fourth Army was co -organized by both the military and land. With local fixed places, the Red Fourth Army used the name of the "Red Army School" for the first time to cultivate military and political talents for military and land.

When the Red Army School started school, Shi Chifeng asked students to study carefully and exercise hard. More than 140 students are divided into three district teams. The leader of the first district Wang Chongli, the captain of the second district Ye Can, the captain of the third district Tan Xilin (soon Tan Sheng was the principal, and the captain of the three districts was successively served by Cao Fuhai). Liu Yalou was divided into the 5th team of the second district team and was designated as the deputy captain. There are 16 students in the team. Since he was already a leader before he joined the school, he was also an earlier Communist Party member who joined the party. Everyone chose him as a branch member and party group leader. According to the growth of grass -roots cadres and the needs of the grass -roots level, the Red School offers military, political courses and entertainment courses. Military class lectures on the structure, offensive and defensive tactics of infantry weapons, and practice rifle shooting and assassination; political courses teach a brief history of social development, telling what is feudalism, capitalism, imperialism, and socialism; entertainment courses are mainly learning blowing, pulling, bombs, bombs , Sing, learn to play games.

The contrast between the two shows that the thinking and organization preparation before the major decision -making of the party and the Red Army. The whole training of Xinquan is chaired by Mao Zedong, Zhu De, and Chen Yi. The military school changed, Zhu De was the principal and Mao Zedong served as the political commissar, and Deng Zihui hosted it. He was co -organized by both the military and local parties to select the backbone of the Red Army and cultivate the talents of the Red Army.

The whole training of Xinquan of the Red Fourth Army and the creation of the Datsu Red Army School focused on the establishment of the party and the political army, but the goals and tasks of training are different.

To adhere to the struggle of rural bases, a strong proletarian party and a new type of people's army must be built. With the deepening of the revolution, the Red Army has grown on the one hand, and the combat effectiveness has greatly improved. On the other hand, all kinds of non -proletarian thoughts that originally existed in the Red Army Party had a new growth due to changes in the situation and environment, which seriously hindered the tasks given by the Red Fourth Army correctly to correctly implement the Chinese Communist Party and the Chinese Revolution.

In order to grasp the time of the Red Fourth Army, the Central Committee implemented the central government's "September Letter", unified the thinking of the whole army, and decided to turn to Liancheng Xinquan, and the leadership forces conducted political and military training.

Dawi Red Army School

Compared with military training, Xinquan's training is more important to conduct political training to clarify the main tasks of the Red Army requirements, consciously overcome non -proletariat ideas, and correct the style of old warlords. The political training led by Mao Zedong mainly includes three aspects of work, namely a investigation meeting, ideological and political education movement, and organizational discipline education. During the whole training of Xinquan, Mao Zedong presided over the various investigations meetings of the Red Fourth Army to find out the problems existing in the troops. The survey is Mao Zedong's long item. The investigation hosted by Mao Zedong would not be grasped with eyebrow beard, but to classify and carry out step by step. During the training period, Mao Zedong first held a two -day detachment leader and the party representative of the party representative of the detachment of the cadres at the Wangyun Cosmetric Room. Mao Zedong personally asked and recorded it, and discussed the problems existing in the Red Army with the participants, analyzed the causes of problems, and sought solutions to the problem. Subsequently, Mao Zedong held a team of soldiers to investigate and listened to the influence of soldiers' influence on non -proletarian ideas.

During the whole training of Xinquan, Mao Zedong led the Red Fourth Army to carry out ideological education activities to improve the political establishment of the army. Some party members and cadres believe that the army only fights, and the Soviet regime and the work of the masses are not needed. Mao Zedong told them that the Red Army was an armed group that implemented a revolutionary political task. It was by no means a mission of propagating the masses, organizing the masses, armed masses, and helping to establish a local revolutionary regime. It also lost the meaning of the Red Army. During the rectification of Xinquan to Lin Biao, Mao Zedong sorted out various problems in the Red Army. Mao Zedong summarized it as fourteen issues such as "personal leadership and party leadership", "military views and political views", and "decentralism and centralization". The reason for these issues is "obviously an incorrect thought built on the peasants, nomads, and petty bourgeoisies in the party of the Fourth Army. This idea is not conducive to the future of the party's unity and revolution. Danger of Class Revolution. " Mao Zedong emphasized that it is necessary to "overcome this idea in order to thoroughly transform the Red Army." He also launched officers and soldiers in the Red Fourth Army for discussions, allowing everyone to recognize the harmfulness of non -proletarian thoughts in the discussion and the necessity of correcting this wrong idea, thereby achieving unity of ideas. During the training period, the Red Fourth Army's brigade, squadron, and class all discussed the performance, roots, and solutions of the Red Army's non -proletarian thoughts, so that the whole training became a ideological and political movement of all members. At the beginning of December 1929, during the whole training of Xinquan, the Red Army School was founded. The Red Army School is a school for military and political talents for military and land. For those selected and sent by various troops, they have officially recruited admission after the entrance examination. When the Gutian Conference was held, Liu Yalou glory to the conference station and was sent to the red school to study.

The spirit of the Gutian Conference injected vitality into the Red School. Hundreds of lively young people lived in mountain villages, bringing vitality to villages and towns in this area. After the school starts, exercise every morning, class in the morning, exercise in the afternoon, and name, comment, and class meeting in the evening. During the exercise, Liu Yalou and the trainees took a neat step and shouted the slogan, showing the strictness and vigor of the young soldiers. During the class, the village head and the river were the classrooms. The trainees sat on the ground. The instructor raised a door panel. In this way, the teaching parties were very serious. During the exercise, practicing aiming, practicing assassination, bombing, practicing the hills, practicing games, shouting the sound of killing the valley. There was a burst of laughter when you rest. The activities of the evening activities are rich in content and lively. It is the continuation and sublimation of the tension during the day.

A storm happened shortly after the school started at the Dawi Red Army School. A classmate Liu Yalou was the young peasant youth who entered the army when the Red Fourth Army passed the army in Jiangxi. But his cultural foundation is low, and he will "snoring" in class. The students present laughed, and the teachers of the lectures were very angry. They rushed to him, raised their right hand, and took a slap to shoot. However, Liu Yalou was stopped, and the two were arguing, and the instructor was furious. Later, Liu Yalou held a party group meeting, first self -criticism, and then studied the measures to help each other and do not make a comrade from studying. The next day I asked the instructor for review. Through ideological and political work, a storm subsides.

Liu Zhong recalled: "In December 1929, while the Ninth Party Congress of the Fourth Army of the Red Army of the Red Army of the Chinese Workers and Peasants was held, a Red Army School was founded. Cultivate the company's cadres. The district party committee has decided to select 17 people to go to the Red Army School for training. I will lead the team ... "" The address of the Red Army School is located in Datsu. This is the place where Longyan is under the jurisdiction. Peak. In this issue, more than 140 students have three district teams, the leader of the first district Wang Chongli, the captain of the second district, Ye Can, and the three district captain Tan Xilin. In February 1930, the campus was moved to Longyan City ... Later, Comrade Tan Xilin became the principal and transferred from the four armies to Comrade Cao Fuhai as the captain of the third district. At that time, many instructors were from the old officer of the Kuomintang army. The playground shouted the "Right Zheng" password, that is, running in front of you and hitting you punch, seeing you without falling; shouting "walking" and going to the pond to jump; Hand palms; you must eat it within five minutes of meals; every night, even if it rains, the star official must talk about 20 minutes ... this kind of whole student's approach is completely a harsh style of the Kuomintang warlord army. When the soldier committee opened, the trainees proposed strong criticism to them. After severe criticism, the education methods improved. "

At the Gutian Conference held in 1929, the simple military view was profoundly criticized, which also had an impact on the ideological ideas of the Western Red Army School. Later, the military courses of the Fujian Red Army school accounted for two -thirds of all teaching time, one -third of political courses, allowing students to understand the situation and characteristics of the Chinese revolution, master the basic theory of Marx Leninism, and understand the struggle of the revolution. Target. The quality of the school's school in the Red Army of the Fujian West has also been recognized by the Provincial Party Committee and even the central government. The trainees brought the theoretical knowledge learned to the entire base construction.

The contrast between the two can be seen that they also pay attention to the establishment of the party and the political army. The whole training of Xinquan is a political and military training for the successful convening of the Gutian Conference. Implement the spirit of the Gutian Conference, train cadres, and promote the spirit of the Gutian Conference to the entire revolutionary base in order to more effective. Xinquan's training is different from the establishment of the Red Army School, but both have remarkable results. It is of great significance in the history of the construction of the people's army

From the adaptation of Sanwan in 1927 to Xinquan's training in 1929, the revolutionary situation has developed greatly, and the Red Army has grown. The various non -proletarian awareness in the Red Fourth Army (mainly manifested in simplicity, extreme democratization, absolute preparation, flowingism, blindness of blindness, etc.). Essence At the Ruijin Conference, Lin Biao and other questions asked questions about the situation of the situation and the future of the red regime. They did not believe that the revolutionary climax had the possibility of rapid arrival, and opposed the establishment of a red regime at the border between the three provinces of Fujian, Guangdong.

Chen Zhenmin, a student of the "Red School" student of Fujian West

In 1929, the "September Come" made the conditions of various non -proletarian ideas in the Red Army party matured. On December 3, Mao Zedong and Zhu De led the main force of the Red Fourth Army from Changting, Fujian to Xinquan, Fujian. In response to the various problems in the Red Army, Mao Zedong, Zhu De, and Chen Yi led the Fourth Army in Xinquan to conduct a 10 -day formal military and political training. More than 4,000 people in the Fourth Army of the Red Army participated in the training. According to the division of labor, Mao Zedong and Chen Yi are responsible for political rectification, and Zhu De is responsible for military training.

During the whole training of Xinquan, in order to further understand the real situation of the army, Mao Zedong took the symposium to the deepening of the team. Everyone is unrestrained and spoken. In a small house in Southeast Village, Xinquan, Mao Zedong and more than a dozen comrades -in -arms talked about his knees. He asked everyone; Stir -up. You must consciously accept management and abide by discipline. If the officers and soldiers are united, we will be able to go without going. "Some soldiers proposed that the chiefs rode on horseback and the soldiers walked unreasonable. , Patient for persuasion education. Mao Zedong also went to the Guanzhuang Temple of Xinquan neighboring village to hold a farmer's symposium to seek their opinions on the Red Army. Zhu De presided over the training class of grass -roots military cadres to carry out military technology and tactical training in the army, and presided over the various regulations and regulations of the Red Army, thereby improving the military knowledge and technical level of the Red Army's finger. "Military Political Training" was left on the lime wall of the Wangyun Cosmetics Hall, and the Red Army slogans such as the young pioneer team were strengthened. It was a historical testimony of the whole training of Xinquan.

The Gudian Conference decided to comprehensively and scientifically summarize the rich experience of the Red Army for more than two years, drawing up the boundaries between the Red Army and the Old -style Army, and solving the army with the main ingredients with farmers and other petty bourgeoisie as the proletariat. The problem of leadership and real people's army. This resolution not only pointed out the direction of the party and the army, but also developed a Marxist Leninist route for the construction of the entire army, becoming a great program for the people's army construction under the leadership of the party.

Under the spirit of the Gutian Conference, the Red Army School continued to improve the quality of running schools. With the establishment and development of the Central Soviet Area, the development of the Red Army School has gradually entered a regularization process. In January 1930, the main force of the Red Fourth Army left Fujian to move towards Jiangnan, and the Red Army School stayed in Fujian to continue school. Due to the leadership of the Special Commissioner of the Fujian Special Committee, it is easy to name the Fujian Red Army School. At the end of January, it was relocated from Datawa to the ninth middle school of Longyan City, the Special Committee of the Western Fujian Soviet Government. Tan Xilin serves as the principal and Deng Zihui is also a political member.

The Gutian Conference had a profound impact on the school's school ideas of the Western Red Army. The quality of running the school of the Red Army of Fujian West has been improved. In March 1930, the Fujian Red Army School was renamed the "Fujian Red Army School". On April 10, the school was changed to "First Branch of the Chinese Red Army Officer School", and the principal Cai Shengxi (Cai Weili, changed to He Shenyang) Political Commissar Deng Zihui. At the same time, it is clearly pointed out that the purpose of holding this issue of the Red School is "creating rows and long -person people." On the morning of August 2nd, the first branch of the Chinese Red Army Officer School held a opening ceremony in Longyan. Deng Zihui presided over the conference and delivered a warm speech. He hopes that the trainees must have a political mind and correct the simple military view; the second must have the spirit of sacrifice; the third must develop the spirit of hard work; fourth to strengthen the discipline of organizational; , Improve the political awareness of the proletariat. He encouraged more than 300 young people who came to study to study hard, exercised himself as a good Red Army cadre, returned to the army in the future, and led the soldiers to fight for defending the Soviet regime.

The purpose of the Red Army School is to cultivate a group of talented military and political cadres, which means that the instructors must have higher military and political quality. Whether it is the Red Army School in Dawi or the Red Army School in Fujian, whether it is the first branch of the Chinese Red Army Officer School or the Pengyang Military School of Hugang later, the Red Army School of the Western Minxi Army is supported by the central government. In order to improve the quality of teaching, Deng Zihui, Zhang Dingzhang and other leaders of Fujian, and generals from Tan Xilin, Xiao Jinguang and other military school have successively served as political commissions and principals of the two Red Army schools.

Throughout the Soviet Union, 100,000 brothers in western Fujian joined the Red Army and the Red Guards, and successively created the Red Nine Army, the Red Twelve Army, the Red Twenty Army, the Red Twenty -first Army, the New Twelve Army, and the Red 19th Army. Six military. The western Fujian made a major contribution to the creation of the people's army and became a veritable hometown of the Red Army. Establishing the Fujian Red Army School, a large number of Red Army soldiers were able to train and grow. The Fujian Red Army School has always firmly implemented the party's leadership and continuously strengthened the party's construction and political work. Even in a difficult environment at that time, a group of political emotions, firm fighting will, full of vitality and vitality, Leading backbone. After several months of training, these students realized the transformation from an ordinary people to a revolutionary soldier. Later, they were allocated to the troops as a row commander or to the majority of rural organizations and development revolutionary arms, which became military and became military. The backbone of exquisite technology, such as Liu Yalou, Liu Zhong, Luo Yuanfa, etc., have become marshal cradles.

During the Land Revolution, the Communist Party of China held the Red Army School, implemented the spirit of the Gutian Conference, and built the people's army of the proletariat with the ideological of the proletariat. The contribution has also accumulated valuable experience for the construction of the War of Resistance Against Japan, the War of Liberation, and even after the founding of the People's Liberation Army after the founding of the People's Liberation Army.

It can be seen that the two are also in great significance in the history of the people's army. The whole training of Xinquan is in the war environment. Because the three provinces of the Kuomintang army start, the Red Army can only conduct a concentrated training in just 10 days, but The results are very significant; the establishment of the Red Army School is long -term, which has the effect of promoting popularization and embarked on the course of formalization.

From Xinquan's whole training to hosting the Red Army School, we can see the distant knowledge of the older generation of proletarian revolutionaries. According to the general principles of Marxismism, the Communist Party of China combined with the specific reality of the Chinese revolution, and summarized a set of practical routes, guidelines, and policies, Mao Zedong thought was initially formed in western Fujian. They record that the older generation of proletarian revolutionaries such as Mao Zedong, Zhou Enlai, Zhu De, and Chen Yi were the construction of a new type of people's army, and the immortal merits of a new type of people's army were worried about the construction of a new type of people's army. Success starts from here, and victory is sail here. (Author unit is the former party history and local history research office of the former Longluo District Committee of Longyan City)

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