Introduction to the representative project of some provincial intangible cultural heritage of Zhouko

Ruyang Liu Maobi production skills

Ruyang Liu Maobi production skills are the second batch of representative projects of intangible cultural heritage released by the Henan Provincial People's Government in June 2009. Ruyang Liu Maobi's production skills began in Qin. After the merger of the Qin State, General Meng Tian took hundreds of thousands of troops to expel Rongdi, build the Great Wall, and picked up in a foreign camp all year round. One day, he found a drowned wild rabbit in a pool built by a stone near the barracks. Suddenly: Since this little rabbit cannot be rescued, use its tail to dip in ink on the bamboo slips to make a meal to make a meal to make a meal to make a meal to make a meal to make a person on the bamboo slips. Writing experiments? As a result, the writing is smooth, easy, and fast. What is the reason? Meng Tian led his military Chinese document Liu Yin (now Liucun Liu, Liucun, Xiangcheng), etc., and repeatedly observed and experimented. It was found that the water in Shichi was alkaline, and the rabbit tail changed after soaking. Subsequently, they kept improving the pen, soaked the hair and plant hemp of the animals together in lime water, and then tied tightly with a silk rope to hollow the one end of the bamboo tube, insert the pen head into the bamboo tube to use, and write naturally and smoothly. So "Meng Tian Bi" was born.

After Meng Tian's death, Liu Yin resolved Jia to return to Tian, ​​returned to Liucun, Ruyang, Xiangcheng, and passed on the Liu's descendants of "Meng Tian Bi". Since then, many people in Ruyang Liucun have made a living in the stroke industry. The generations of streams have emerged endlessly. One of the veins of the heir is diligent and easy to learn, devoted himself to studying, and craftsmanship. The early Han Dynasty Liu Jitian, Liu Chong in the late Eastern Han Dynasty, Liu Tianyun of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, Liu Qiun in the middle of the Tang Dynasty, Liu Yeyun in the Northern Song Dynasty, Liu Maolin during the Republic of China. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, the party and the government were very concerned about the development of traditional handicrafts. More than half of the villagers of Liucun Liucun were engaged in brush production and sales. Great contribution. So far, the 66th generation inheritors include Liu Haoqin, Liu Haokui, and Liu Haoliang. Liu Haoqin was named the representative inheritor of the provincial intangible cultural heritage by the Henan Provincial Department of Culture in 2010.

Ruyang Liu Maobi has a fine work and has 128 processes, which has the important characteristics of "three righteousness" and "four virtues". "Three righteousness" refers to essence, pure and beauty. "Essence" refers to the meticulous operation of more than a hundred processes. "Pure" refers to the strict selection of materials. "Four virtues" are sharp, uniform, round, and healthy. In addition, the selection of ingredients is very sophisticated. Selecting wool, wolf, stone pupa, Hangsongtai and other raw materials in specific areas are selected. Liu Haoqin led the other inheritors to explore and innovate, and developed the "Head Blade Patch" production skills developed by the Henan Provincial Science and Technology Achievement Award; "Dry and dry" production skills, created a new field of wolf's slightest pen.

In 2009, Liu Haoqin raised more than 5 million yuan to set up "Xiangcheng Ruyang Liu Biye Co., Ltd." and served as chairman of the company. The company's headquarters is located in the Xiangcheng Industrial Club, covering an area of ​​20,000 square meters. Based on the essence of the production of Ruyang Liu Mao pen, the company also classified and developed the products, and developed a special pens, oil brushes, and fetal pens, etc., to achieve diversified production. More than 120 varieties specifications, product marketing all over the country, exported to more than 20 countries and regions including Singapore, Morocco, Japan, South Korea, and Taiwan.

For more than ten years, Ruyang Liu Maobi was identified as "Chinese time" by the Ministry of Commerce. Xiangcheng Ruyang Liu Biye Co., Ltd. has been named "National Cultural Industry Demonstration Base", "Henan Provincial Arts and Crafts Featured Industry Base", "Product Protection Base of Intangible Cultural Heritage in Henan Province" "Henan Provincial Cultural Enterprise 50" Henan Province's characteristic cultural base "" Henan Provincial Key Cultural Enterprise "and so on. Chairman Liu Haoqin has won honorary titles such as "Master of Chinese Pen", "Master of Chinese Traditional Crafts", "Outstanding Representative Inheritance in Henan Province's Intangible Cultural Heritage", "Henan Provincial Arts and Crafts Master".

Black pottery firing skills

Black pottery firing technology is the fourth batch of non -material cultural heritage representative projects released by the Henan Provincial People's Government in September 2015. China Black Pottery was born in the Neolithic era, and it was found in Qujialing Culture and Longshan Cultural Site. Huaiyang was known as Wanqiu and Chen in ancient times. It was the place where Taihao Fuxi was established. It is also an important birthplace of Chinese pottery production. The old site of Tao Kiln was found in the Longshan Cultural French site of the ancient city of Pingliangtai. There were precious black pottery cultural relics unearthed, and it was hailed as the treasure of Longshan culture by the historian. In addition, there is a record "Zuo Zhuan · Xianggong Twenty -five Years" recorded: "The father of the former Yu Yu was Zhou Taozheng, and the king of the first king was served." , Make a pottery expert, make great achievements for the Zhou Dynasty. In 1046 BC, Hu Gongmang, the son of Yu Yu's father, after the destroyed King Zhou Wu, was full of Chen Hugong, and Chen Hugong inherited his father's pottery craftsmanship, founded the official kiln, and produced black pottery.

Time, black pottery production skills have gradually spread to the people. Relying on the hard -working and intelligent folk artist, he has passed down from generation to generation. Based on the inheritance of the Huaiyang's "Zhang Hui family", more content is combed. His family names first, second, third, and fourth generations are named Zhang Daliang, Zhang Yifhu, Zhang Zhongtang, and Zhang Huashan. The fifth -generation heirman Zhang Quancai was born in 1876 and died in 1930; the sixth generation heir Zhang Jiaxing was born in 1895 and died in 1962; the seventh -generation heirman Zhang Hao student died in 1992 in 1992; Zhang Xiulong was born in 1936 and died in 2011; the ninth generation inheritor Zhang Hui was born in 1972. He has a bachelor's degree. He has been influenced by his family since he was a child. On the basis of inheriting and excavating traditional black pottery firing skills, combining modern firing needs After reform and innovation, after repeated practice, in 2010, Chenzhou Guanyao was successfully built and served as the artistic director of Chenzhou Guanyao. Black pottery production procedures are more complicated. Pure and delicate clay must be used as raw materials.传统制作陶器的器具有：木锤、石锤、拉钩、板块、垫凳、勤子、土车、泥凳、平板、挠车棍等，现代制作陶器的器具有：球磨机、真空练泥机、 The mud machine, pulling machine, engraving, scissors, hand clamps, awl, fine iron wire, etc. The blanking methods include plastic pinching method, applying application method, and mud strips. After the formation of the blank is dry regularly, it is fired after 48 hours or 120 hours. The surface of the finished black pottery is bright and lubricated on the surface, and the ink is black inside and outside the cross section of the tire. After sculpture, shallow carving, deep sculpture, hollowing out and other techniques, it manually carves a gorgeous and mysterious pattern, which has the artistic characteristics of "black, thin, light, and New".

In September 2017, Zhang Hui was named the representative inheritor of the provincial intangible cultural heritage by the Henan Provincial Department of Culture. His black pottery works "Xuanhua Tank, Man and Bottle" won the Gold Award of the 3rd China (Weifang) Folk Art Fair in April 2018; The Cup "Arts and Creative Design Contest Gold Award; the" fission "of the work won the award of the Beijing International Boutique Ceramics Exhibition and the Eighth" Dadi Award "Ceramics Innovation Competition in 2019 and the 3rd China Black Pottery Art Exhibition Special Gold Award; "Bagua Furnace" won the Gold Award of China (Xuzhou) Folk Craft Expo in 2020; the work "Hua Table Qing Centennial" won the second prize of the "100th Anniversary of the Party" organized by the Henan Provincial Department of Culture Travel in 2021; the work "Xuanhua The can "Tiber" in 2021 was guided by the Ministry of Culture and Tourism and sponsored by the Zhejiang Provincial Department of Culture and Tourism.

(Originally carried on June 13, 2022, "Zhoukou Daily" 6th version of the author: Li Jianwen)

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