[Centennial Academic Hundred Years of the Party] Chen Huramou: In the torrent of revolutionary literature

Author:Chinese school Time:2022.07.05

Chen Yudu Coal (1913-1996), writer, literary theorist, film career. Postessing Wilder Coal, Mei Bai, Yi Zhi, Yi Ping, etc. In 1932, he participated in the Wuhan Drama Federation and published a drama review article, editing the "Times Daily" supplement. The first novel "The Crowds in Disaster" was published in 1934. In 1935, he transferred to the left -wing writer alliance, edited "Literature". After the outbreak of the Lugou Bridge Incident in 1937, he participated in the "Peiping Student Mobile Theater Troupe" and went to Nanjing, Shandong, Xuzhou, Henan and other places to condolences the front line. In 1938, he taught at the Department of Drama and Literature of the Lu Xun Academy of Art in Yan'an, and edited "Literary Front" and so on. In 1939, he led the Luyi Literature and Art Troupe to interview the headquarters of the Taihang Mountain Eighth Route Army. In 1945, he went to the Hubei -Henan and Anhui guerrilla zone to work, and planned to build the Literary Federation of Jin, Hebei and Luyu Border District, and founded the "Northern Magazine". In 1949, he participated in the preparation of the National Literary and Art Works Conference and participated in the first National Political Consultative Conference. In the 1930s and 1940s, the main works he published were: the collection of short stories "Liu Maiman", "Melancholy Song", "On the Yangtze River"; solo drama "Dawn", "During the Devil", "Our Headquarters"; Reporting Literature Collection "New Generation" and so on. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, he was the director of the Film Bureau of the Ministry of Culture, the deputy minister of the Ministry of Culture, the deputy director of the Institute of Literature of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, the vice chairman of the Chinese Writers Association, and the vice chairman of the Chinese Filmmer Association. Publishing literary theory works "Efforts to Create a New Heroes", "Jiefang Collection", "Review and Exploration", "Selection of Chen Desen Coal Literature", "Climbing Collection", "Exploration and Innovation", "A Holy Fire of the Soul"; Prose Collection " "The Wilderness in the Wild", "The Song of the Winter", "The Song of Dreams", "The Selection of the Journey of the Man", "Selected Wilder Coal Prose"; the memoir "Eternal Commemorative", "Unforgettable Dream Song", etc. In 2013, "Chen Wilder Coal Collection" ( Volume 10).

Chen Yudu coal is a well -known writer, literary theorist, and film career in China. Born in 1913, Xiangyang, Hubei, joined the Communist Party of China in 1932. In the autumn of 1934, he published the novel "The Crowds in the Disaster", and then began literary creation activities. In 1938, he went to the Department of Drama and Literature of the Academy of Arts and Literature of Yan'an Lu Xun. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, he was the Minister of Culture of the Central South Military Region, the Deputy Minister of Culture of the Central and South China Military and Political Committee, director of the Film Bureau of the Ministry of Culture, Deputy Minister and Counselor of the Ministry of Culture, Deputy Director of the Institute of Literature of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, deputy editor -in -chief of the Literature and Art News, Vice Chairman and Secretariat of the Chinese Writers Association.

Start with writing poems and comments

In 1927, the 14 -year -old Chen Yudu (Chen Guangmei) joined the Communist Youth League while studying in Hankou Sixth Primary School. It was a turbulent era. The Northern Expedition has gone through a tragic process from victory to failure, and the Communist Party from cooperation to division. Chen Yudu investing in a child's enthusiasm, writing the first poem full of enthusiasm pursuing equality and freedom, and witnessed the scene of the bloody slaughter, and has undergone the brutal baptism of the revolutionary storm.

In the summer of 1928, Chen Yudu coal was admitted to the commercial high school in Hubei Province No. 2 Middle School, and began to contact left -wing literary publications in large quantities, and met Sheng Jialun, Lini, Lu Yan, Zhang Geng and others. He learned Japanese from Sheng Jialun. Under the guidance of Shengjialun, he read the Japanese version of the Communist Declaration for the first time.

After the September 18th Incident in 1931, Chen Hua Coal published new poems in the "Xinmin Daily" sub -issue. However, he found that he was not suitable for writing poetry from the beginning, but just expressed his feelings by poetry. After a comment in 1932, he gave up the creation of new poems. Later, he wrote movie reviews, literary reviews, and drama reviews, but never wrote poetry comments.

In the same year, Chen Yudu Coal and the people of Wuchang Art College formed the "Pigeon Drama Club" to prepare and perform the opera "Carmen", hoping that "using foreign stories to give play to the revolutionary feelings influence Chinese reality" (Tian and Chinese). The successful performance of "Carmen" has attracted the attention of the Kuomintang government. Due to the warning of the authorities in the troupe, the troupe was forced to stop the event. Chen Yudu coal participated in the work of the Wuhan Opera. At that time, the plan was: organizing a troupe, holding a small library, and editing and publishing a somed in literature and art. In the end, due to conditions, the troupe was not organized. The library was completed, and it was located on the house of Chenhuang Coal. Several people raised funds and collected hundreds of books on social sciences and literature. Among them, many of them published Marx works, Soviet literature works, Chinese and foreign classical literature, and modern literature. masterpiece. The library is not outside, and those who come to borrow books and participate in the discussion are progressive young people who are linked to the drama. Chen Yudu, the "library chief", used a lot of time in the library work. He called his "university" here. The editorial work of the "Times Daily" is also responsible for Chenhuang Coal, and every Monday "Drama and Movie" weekly. Most of the articles are written by Lu Yan, Zhang Geng, and Chen Hua Coal. After the Soviet film "Life Road" was staged, the three people wrote a number of comments and published two special journals. After Mao Dun's "Zi Ye" was published one after another, Chen Yudu coal also commented. This is the beginning of his pen name Mei Bai and Wilder Coal writing comments. He cut off the works (poetry, comments, and prose) published during this period, but one year later, he was destroyed by the Kuomintang in Shanghai a year later.

Must find the party

At the end of the summer of 1932, Chen Yudu received an important task. The Central Soviet Area should hold a meeting of the National Anti -Empire Alliance. The Wuhan Anti -Empire Alliance decided to send a delegation to participate. Lu Yan and Zhang Geng could not teach at the school, so they decided to let Chen Hua coal go. Soon, he saw Zhang Zhiyi, the head of the Wuhan Anti -imperial Great League, and learned that there were five people in the delegation, namely the workers' representatives, the student representative, the representative of the social federation, the representative of the drama, and the military representative (head of the regiment). The five had never seen each other before leaving, and they knew each other on the boat. Before leaving, Lu Yan also explained two tasks on behalf of the drama couplet: one was to bring a letter to Lyney and criticized him to abandon his career for love (Chen Hua Coal told this experience in the article that misses Lini in his later years); The second is to find Sheng Jialun, find the Shanghai drama couplet through him, and then must find the party. Chen Yudu coal was excited and surprised. I did not expect that this trip was such an important task. After boarding the ship, I found that many situations did not figure out. It was mainly because there was a party relationship in the delegation? Is the head member of the party? Thinking of Zhang Zhiyi specially told the white terror period to strictly adhere to the confidentiality discipline, he did not understand and never dared to inquire. Chen Yudu returned to the place of birth with his first novel "People in the Disaster" -in Shanghai, which has left for seven years, and the delegation is waiting for the row to the Soviet area. At the beginning, they lived deeply. Only Chen Yudu coal grew up in Shanghai from an early age. Others had a tone outside, and Chen Huanmei became the only person in the group to go out to work. He found Lini and completed the first task of Lu Ji. The second task became complicated. He has always believed that the Wuhan Anti -Emperor Great Alliance sent a delegation to the Soviet Area to participate in important meetings. The delegation will not have no party relationship. The oldest leader of the older group should be a party member, but he has no way to confirm. During the time, he didn't even ask the identity and experience of the old man. After he contacted Lini and Sheng Jialun, he also participated in some activities of the Shanghai Opera. However, it is not so simple to find the party through the drama couplet, and he dare not act rashly. When the delegation continued to change his place, he also lived in the same room with a comrade named Corida in the Zuo Lian, listening to the situation in the literary world of Shanghai, and finally couldn't help taking out his novels. Comments. After reading it seriously, Corda brought a lot of modifications. It should be said that Corida was the first reader of his novel creation. However, he disappeared just three or four days later, and even after the founding of the People's Republic of China, there was no trace. Chen Yudu didn't know his real name, and it was even more impossible to ask him about the party. Waiting for the days when they went to the Soviet Union, there were two or three comrades to introduce the information of Shanghai. One of the old Feng talked about the status of the drama industry in the literary world in Shanghai. It wasn't until many years later that he had talked with Feng Xuefeng that Chen Yudu coal determined that he was Lao Feng. He remembered that Lao Feng had a Zhejiang accent, and a black and hard hair. When talking about important issues, his eyes would stare at you tightly. At that time, they were so close and so far ... that was Chen Yudu coal. The party "and anxiety.

The shiny meteor in the night

The days when you wait for the departure, it seems very long every day. The traffic in the Soviet area has been in a state of interruption. The delegation is trapped in Shanghai. Many problems need to be resolved every day. Soon he knew Xiao Chen sent to contact with his superiors.

In the age of thirty, Ningbo, wearing a dark gray hat on his head, and ordinary businessmen dressed. He appeared on time every time he appeared, but he always said that he had to wait. He told everyone not to worry, he couldn't squat in the hotel all day, so several people went out to go shopping. The head of the team took the workers to go out. Chen Yudu coal and the representative of the student and the representative of the Social Federation. The place they liked most was the bookstore. In order not to notice, they will move their homes once a few days. Each residence is arranged by Xiao Chen first, and then handed over to the head of accommodation and meal fees. During the presence of things, Xiao Chen often looked very tired despite his calmness. He sometimes patted his head to think, and sometimes tore off a piece of words from the newspaper to write a few words and then burned. Once, when Chen Hua Coal saw him very sleepy, he persuaded him to rest in the hotel. He refused, and Chen Yudu had to accompany him to hang out. Xiao Chen walked on the road, his eyes drifted around, and from time to time, he walked into a shop and looked out through the window, or suddenly turned into a hall. Later, they went to a movie theater and sat down. Xiao Chen looked at the table and told Chen Hua Coal to call him, and then fell asleep on Chen Hua Coal's shoulders. After the point, he had not waited for Chen Huan coal. He had stood up, took a picture of Chen Hura's shoulders, and quietly left. Another time, Chen Hua Coal went to watch the drama performance. When he returned to the residence at night, he found that people went to the building. He immediately mentioned a heating bottle and ran out. At a connection point at the next door, he found the old man. Essence It turned out that Xiao Chen came to inform in the afternoon and got exact news. The next day the patrol room wanted to search for their residence and asked them to evacuate immediately. The old man named Chen Yudi not to go back, but Chen Wenmei thought that there were still two letters staying in the hotel. Once found, it might cause trouble. The analysis repeatedly, he felt that there was no sign of being monitored when he came out, so he really hit another pot of boiling water and returned to the hotel. He took out the letter and quickly cleaned out other things. After no one followed, he returned to the new place of residence in the delegation.

Finally, after waiting for more than two months, Xiao Chen brought the news that the meeting held by the Central Soviet Area was not possible because of the anti -"encirclement" war, and the delegation would immediately return to Wuhan. Two months of getting along has made Chen Wudi coal concluded: Xiao Chen is the party sent by the party. Before leaving, he was determined to "connect" directly. He asked Xiao Chen to talk about it alone, and confessed to the second task he shouldered by this trip, and asked the Wuhan Opera Federation to have a relationship with the Wuhan underground party. How can I answer it? Xiao Chen explicitly answered that the Wuhan Party organization has been destroyed many times and has lost contact. That was the conversation, Xiao Chen informed him that he had a simple material that he wrote not long ago. The organization had been reviewed and approved. He officially absorbed him as a Communist Party member. After returning, he could not expose anyone to anyone. Organize someone to send people to Wuhan. In this way, Chen Hua Coal joined the Communist Party. Many years later, he recalled: "There is neither a oath ceremony, nor does not describe in some novels. In the face of the red flag sang" International Song ", someone solemnly shook hands to congratulate me ..." Xiao Xiao Chen only left the address address to him calmly, explained the writing method and important linguistics, and broke up with him. What Chen Yudu didn't expect was that he never saw the comrades who introduced him into the party. Chen Hua coal often thought of him, and once looked for him, but even his name was unclear. In 1939, when Chen Huan Coal went to the Taihang front line on the 386th brigade, he heard that Chen Yan talked about the situation of working underground in Shanghai, so he hurriedly told Xiao Chen's situation to Chen Yan. Chen Yan immediately told him: "Xiao Chen, Ningbo people Well, it is a very good comrade, a central transporter, and has long been sacrificed! "Xiao Chen was like a meteor who broke through the night sky disappeared, and the situation of Chen Yudu's joining the party became a mystery that was unclear. In the 1980s, Chen Yudu coal suddenly received a letter from claiming to be Fu Linsheng's son -after repeated verification of Fu Linsheng, he was the head of the head. Lao Fu has late. In order to restore his father's reputation to his father, Chen Hua Coal confirmed the experience of Shanghai in 1932. However, when Chen Hua Coal saw this in the materials provided by them, the old man said, "Chen Hua Coal, a ghost (member of the Wuhan delegation), It is also the official approval of the party this time. "After 50 years, he finally figured out that the old man was a party member, and finally someone could prove that his party joined the party, but the comrades -in -arms that year had left one by one. This is really more twisted than the plot of the novel.

From the drama couplet to the left

In the autumn of 1932, Chen Yudu returned to Wuhan, and a person in charge of the Wuhan Anti -Empire Alliance was arrested, the organization was destroyed, and the work of the drama was also more difficult.

Chen Hua Coal did not disclose his identity to anyone. He wrote two letters to Xiao Chen and received only one reply. The intention is that the commercial economy is not impatient now. Don't be impatient. You must wait patiently to wait for the timing. After that, Xiao Chen had no news, and he couldn't write anymore. In the autumn of 1933, Chen Yudu coal caused trouble because he published a left -wing sports news, resigned from the editor -in -chief of the supplement, and returned to Shanghai again.

Chen Yudu coal participated in the work of Shanghai Drama, and created the solo drama "Dawn". He performed with Jinshan, Zhao Dan and others, published commentary articles, and also reached the school of students and tutoring night school students and female workers in the people's education museum. He has repeatedly escaped the authorities' search and hunting. After participating in the Greater Drama Society's performance, he was arrested with the staff of the whole community at the Shanghai Railway Station. During the interrogation, he did not expose his identity and was released in prison after collective bail. In 1934, his first novel "The Crowd in Disaster" was published in the "Literature Season". This is a novel with a flood in Wuhan's flood, which describes a group of victims who leave their hometowns under the flood and hunger, revealing the pain caused by suffering to people. Although the structure of the novel is a bit loose, the author depicts the vivid character image of the characters with delicate and emotional strokes, depicts the bleak life pictures, leaving a deep impression on readers. After that, Chen Yudi coal continuously published novels "Autumn", "Liu Maimima", "Love's Love" and "Package", etc. He proposed to the organization to change from the drama to the left couplet.

In the evening of the spring of 1935, Chen Yudu met Zhou Yang in a small cafe in Huanlong Road, the French Concession in Shanghai. The time of this meeting was not long. Mainly Zhou Yang introduced the situation of Zuo Lian. He agreed to transfer to Zuo Lian, and finally explained him to find Sha Ting. The next day, he contacted Sha Ting and met many writers in Shanghai. During this period, his creation entered a climax, and published three short stories of "Liu Ma Mao", "Melancholy Song" and "The Yangtze River".

In addition to creation, Chen Yudu coal also participated in the editing publication "Literature" and actively participated in the left -wing organization activities. Although some activities later looked naive and immature, at the time everyone used them as a serious political struggle with enthusiasm. Radio life in danger and devote himself to it. Comrades have undergone various tests of white horror, and some people died in the struggle.

Where is the organization?

In June 1937, Chen Yudu coal left Shanghai by boat, transferred from Tianjin to Beiping, and was preparing to interview the Suiyuan Anti -A few days ago. When he arrived at North, the Lugou Bridge Incident broke out. He joined the Peiping Student Mobile Theater Company. During the period of the Kuomintang and Communist Party, in order to obtain legal status, the theater reached Nanjing from Peiping. With the help of Shen Junru, the identification of Shao Lizi, Chen Lifu, Zhang Daofan, etc. Five theater. The Peiping Student Mobile Theater was established under the instructions of Huang Jing, the Secretary of the Communist Party of China. Rong Gaotang, who was assigned the Peiping Municipal Party Committee to be responsible for rural work as the leader, and several party members secretly formed the branch to lead the troupe. When the troupe went to Nanjing to find Shen Junru, he brought Huang Jing to introduce the letter. After obtaining a legal identity, the relationship between the party organization's party organization was sent to the local party organization by Huang Jing. However, all this, Chenhuang Coal from Shanghai did not know. Most of the members were Peiping Dazhong students when they were established. He was the only director, screenwriter and actor who knew the drama, and devoted himself to the Anti -Japanese War. His "Going Devil" has not only become an important drama of the team, but also the starring player of many players during the Anti -Japanese War. After that, he created "The Night of July 28" and "Blood Banquet". He was very harsh when the director was in the director. Whether it was analyzing the script, rehearsing performances asked everyone to continue to improve the level of the play team with the standards of professional theater troupes. In addition, he also played various roles himself. Occasionally, he discovered some of the abandoned books that were escaped. Since then, he has been collecting some books in literary history, and gradually accumulated into a box, which has become a mobile little library. For more than a year, the play team rolled in Shandong, Henan, and Anhui to count hundreds of fields. No matter how difficult the environment is, Chenhuang Coal wants to bring those books. Their performances inspire countless anti -Japanese wars. General, they also continued to learn in the war, becoming more mature and strong.

However, it was depressed that he lost his connection with the organization again. With his observation and judgment, Rong Gaotang and others may be party members. There may be party organizations in the troupe. However, when he wants to test the real -time reality, everyone else is increasing. Once, he couldn't help but grab a companion who thought he might be a party member, but he touched a nose ash, and the defendant may be a traitor in the group. After the Beiping Student Mobile Opera Troupe was compiled as the mobile theater of the Shandong Provincial Department of Education, the head was sent by the Kuomintang. This is placed on the bright side, but who is the hidden traitor? The organization did not find it, but the situation was accused. The situation was complicated. Chen Yudu coal had to give up the idea of finding the party organization. Until more than a year later, he finally confirmed his guessing: Rong Gaotang and others were indeed party members. A few years later, he knew that the traitor was Guo Tongzhen (Gu Wenwen). At that time, Guo Tongzhen had also reached Peiping several times to become the webmaster of the Kuomintang Army's unification of Peiping Station. After a few years, the Grand Safety Valley, who was in Taiwan, recalled that he knew who was a Communist Party member in the play team at that time. He must say that Chen Huan coal was one of them. It turned out that Chen Huan coal, who had no organizational relationship, had long been found to be a member of the Communist Party of China.

Burning the fire in the heart

In the autumn of 1938, Chen Yudu left the theater group to Yan'an via Xi'an and entered the Lu Xun Academy of Art.

When he first arrived in Yan'an, he felt that everything was exciting: he was doing the work of a instructor, and many old friends came. What excited him most was that Yan'an was filled with a revolutionary passion -red flag and singing. Where is the old and young and children from men and women, and where they are openly called "comrades" with each other, the depression that suppress the long time seems to be completely released in the blue sky in northern Shaanxi. Light and warm mood.

Chen Yudu, who has been looking for the organization, did not take the initiative to ask for the relationship this time. In his opinion, he naturally found the organization when he arrived in Yan'an. Until one day, he talked about his past situation with Li Bozhao, the old Red Army of the Drama Teacher, and Li Bozhao listened to a surprise expression: Are you a member of the party? He said: Of course, yes. Li Bozhao is even more surprised: Comrade, you are a party member, you have to write an application to restore the organizational relationship! Then he knew that there was such an organizational principle. I thought that leaving Shanghai was approved by the organization. Now people who are organized by Zhou Yang, Sha Ting and other organizations are there. I have returned home. Why do I have to apply? He quickly wrote an application and accepted the criticism of liberalism for the first time, although he was a bit wronged in his heart -in the days when he left Shanghai for more than a year, although there was no organizational relationship, he had always used party members' responsibility requirements At this time, he knew that he had to raise awareness and adapt to the new revolutionary environment.

In the spring of 1939, Chen Yudu coal led the Luyi Literature and Art Troupe and the experimental troupe to interview the front line of the south of the Jin Dynasty. He arrived at the Eighth Route Army Headquarters and the Two Nine Divisions and interviewed Zhu De and Liu Bocheng. He stayed in the 386th brigade for more than half a year and participated in two battles. He recently came into contact with generals such as Chen Yan and Zhou Xihan. He was also familiar with ordinary cadres and soldiers of the Eighth Route Army. As a reporter from Xinhua News Agency, everyone called him "news". He was also by the title of Zhou Xihan to visit some big businessmen and local gentlemen with the title of the Secretary -General of the 386th Brigade to do publicity work. All of this is fulfilling and changing Chenhuang Coal. After returning to Yan'an, he published a series of report literature "General Chen Yan's Impression", "The Impression of General Liu Bocheng", "A Chef's Birth and Others", "New Generation", etc., and published "Luyi Working Group in the front". The work of the Literary and Art Troupe in the front line put forward the outline of the army's literary and artistic work: "Literary workers not only write materials to collect materials ahead, but also should work hard for the extensive new literary movement -that is, the literary and artistic deepening Going in the middle of the public is not only accepted and understood by the public, but also supports the public to produce his own literary works and writers. "He edited the" Literary Front "and was responsible for forming a war -torn literary sports information room. And theoretical research. The Yan'an period was a period of severe changes in thought and writing. He and He Qifang and others were invited to participate in long talks with Mao Zedong in the Yan'an Literature and Art Symposium, and continued to explorate theoretical exploration in the later literary and artistic practice. In August 1945, Chen Yudi coal left Yan'an and went to the border area to form a Literary Federation to establish the "Northern Magazine". In the torrent of the liberation war, we put on military uniforms to go south of the south, and published a series of famous reports. He summarized his experience, earlier put forward the tendency to write heroes and how to write, how to break through the formula of transformation from backward to transition, and truly describe the theoretical issues that new life and new characters need to solve in front of literary workers. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, he continued to write comments and theoretical articles in the post of literary and artistic leadership, published a number of works and "Chen Desencoules Collection" (Volume 10). Since joining the Communist Party of China in 1932, despite the difficulty of twists and turns on the road, Chen Yudu coal has never given up his beliefs and pursuits, and he has not forgotten Xiao Chen and Kurda ... Those unnamed in the brutal war years like meteors and disappeared like meteors. warrior. He uses "the fire of hope in the soul" to describe the spirit of this generation unremittingly pursuing the truth.