Grasp the dominance of translation of foreign culture -take Li Bai's poetry English translation as an example

Li Bai's poems have a history of more than 200 years. The English translation activity not only promoted the classic Li Bai's poems, but also promoted the exchange of Chinese and Western culture. Affected by the sponsoring factors, Li Bai's poems have different characteristics in translation selection, translation strategy, and translation style. Sinologist B. S. McDougall (TRANSlation Zones in Modern China) pointed out that there are four types of Chinese literature: one is academic translation, which refers The translation of Chinese literature published by the translation; the second is the national translation, which refers to the Chinese literature works that the Chinese foreign literature bureau and other national publishing institutions are chaired by the national publishing institutions; the third is commercial translation, which refers Publishing houses, etc.; Fourth, personal translation, referral translators choose translated Chinese literature works for their own reasons for their own reasons. The four types show the influence of different sponsors' influence on the translation process.

Translator Theorist A. LEFEVERE has pointed out that the sponsor refers to the various powers (people or institutions) of "promoting or preventing literary reading, writing or rewriting, such as religious groups, class power, government, government Department, publisher, and media institutions can also be personal forces. " Different sponsors have different value orientation and translation motivations. Academic sponsors are the purpose of academic inquiry. State sponsor aims to propagate national culture and build a national image. It mainly depends on personal preferences and has great flexibility. Li Bai's poems are influenced by different sponsors. By analyzing the impact of different sponsor on translators and translation production, it can help explore the optimized path of foreign translation of traditional Chinese culture.

Sponsor background Affect translation presentation

A. Waley's translation of Li Bai and his poetry is academic translation. As early as 1919, Weli, who worked at the East Department of the British Museum, published the paper "The Poet Li Po", introduced Li Bai's poetic style in a combination of research, and translated Li Bai's 23 poems, of which 9 is a poem containing "wine". Affected by the thought and moral concept of Victorian in the United Kingdom, Welley's attitude towards Li Bai was relatively negative. In "The Poetry and Career of Li PO", Wili pointed out that Li Bai is a person who is "self -proclaimed, ruthless, spoken, irresponsible, nonsense,". During the translation process, Weili referred to a large number of information about Li Bai in the Song Dynasty and agreed with Wang Anshi's evaluation of Li Bai, thinking that Li Bai's poems described wine and women. Weili affirmed Li Bai's poems, but also believed that the structure of Li Bai's long poems was bad. In the translation, Weili mainly adopts a literal translation strategy and uses prose in the form of prose in English to translate Li Bai's poems. There is no rhyme between the poems. In addition, Weli also translated Li Bai's Lefu poems, such as "Far away" and other transliterations.

"The Banished Immortal" written by Chinese Chinese writer Harbin is a commercial translation. In the post -post and postmodern "writing and survival" of the Chinese translation, Harbin pointed out that the book's creation and publishing originated from the agreement with the publisher. In the summer of 2015, a small publisher asked Harbin to write a biography of Chinese characters. The editor of the agency believed that Harbin was familiar with Li Bai, so he chose Li Bai as the object of writing. Harbin is the "foreigner" of American society. He stands at the perspective of "foreign people" to examine Li Bai's poetic life. The situation of the "edge person" caused him to excessively emphasize Li Bai's out of his life and his experience under the fence. In order to deepen Li Bai's suffering, Harbin described the poor experience of Li Bai's descendants in the last chapter of the work. The publisher has always emphasized that not academic works must be interesting and can attract readers. Harbin accepted the suggestion of the editorial of the agency, and used poetry to connect Li Bai's life to translate Li Bai's poems and life in a storytelling manner. In addition, Harbin also attached the original Chinese text to each English translation poem under the advice of the agency, which is convenient for readers to understand. At the same time, Harbin is also a poet. Before going abroad, he had a in -depth understanding of Chinese poetry. Therefore, Li Bai's poetry translated by English has a traditional Chinese poem.

New Zealand writer and educator R. Alley has long lived in China for a long time. He is a foreign translation expert employed by a national translation institution and has participated in the translation of "Chinese Literature" (English version). In addition to the translation of many Li Bai poems in "Chinese Literature", Eli also translated and published the "Li Pai: 200 Select Poems" under the sponsorship of foreign publicity publishing houses that had been engaged in foreign propaganda work. Analysis of Li Bai's poems translated by Erli can find that Erli focuses on the realist components in Li Bai's works, and chose Li Bai's poems describing the frontiers and hometown. Zhao Puchu pointed out in the "Preface" written for "200 Poetry of Li Bai Poems" that the standard of translator's translation is quite different from other translators in Li Bai's poems. The safety poems show the side of Li Bai to worry about the country and the people and the world. Reading the translation, Eli translated Li Bai's poems into modern poetry. The language is flat and does not tell the rhyme, showing the connotation of poetry. Ichi's translation is part of the national translation practice. It can avoid translators from using Western positions to examine Chinese culture, which is conducive to showing the essence of Chinese culture. American poet and translator David Hinton's personal translation practice activity of the translator's translator in 1996, translated and published in 1996. Sington is a poet, paying attention to the cultural characteristics and artistic characteristics of Li Bai's poems. In the "Preface", Xinton introduced the "inaction" thought, image "month" in Li Bai's poems in a lot, and gave 123 notes in the "Appendix" in the work to detailed explanation. Sington's translation is to examine the work of another poet from the perspective of the poet. Therefore, the process of translation is also an appreciation process of Li Bai's poetry.

Give full play to the influence of national sponsorship

One of the influences of sponsor on translation practice activities is the impact of translation selection. Academic translation practice focuses on the academic value of works, and many Western scholars stand on the western position to interpret Chinese traditional culture and moral value, and there are certain misunderstandings; commercial translation practice takes market benefits as the final consideration goal, and often takes care of foreign readers too much. Reading interest, there is a deviation in the selection of materials, and the text of the translation is lacking in depth; the personal translation practice has a great degree of freedom and it is not easy to control. National translation practice is a translation practice activity carried out under the sponsorship of national institutions, which is conducive to grasping ideology and value orientation, and it is conducive to digging the cultural essence of both Chinese classics that can show ethnic characteristics and have common value. Li Bai and his poems translated by British Sinologist Wili at the perspective of Western, denying the value of Li Bai's poems, denying Li Bai's person, denying Li Bai's literary status, and bringing great misunderstandings to Western readers. National translation practice has a strict judgment system for translation choices, which can effectively avoid this situation.

National translation practice emphasizes the differences in cultural differences, and finds its own cultural positioning in the multicultural world, so as to gain cultural consciousness and self -confidence. Human culture is different, and each culture has its own uniqueness. It is the existence of differences and uniqueness that can show the diversification of world culture. Human culture is common, can surpass the boundaries of geography, nation and history, and form a cultural community. In the cultural community, each culture has its unique position and is an inseparable part of the community. Difference and commonality are the driving force for the continuous development of world culture. The basic principles of national translation practices are based on respecting their own culture, and they will not bow to meet the needs of the mainstream value concept or ideological needs of other countries, and make important contributions to the construction of the community of human cultural communities. During the translation of Li Bai's poetry, the translation of New Zealand writer and educator Louis Eli attaches importance to the translation of Li Bai's realist poetry, which effectively improves the "unrealistic" of Li Bai's poems. Li Bai is the representative poet of romantic poetry, but Li Bai's poems are concerned about the content of the people's suffering and the world.

National translation practice activities are systematically. National translation practice activities represented by "Greater China Library" are a systematic translation and publication plan. Each period is selected for several ancient Chinese cultural classics, and the influential translators in this field are translated. Among them, "Selection of Li Bai Poems" was translated by the translator Mr. Xu Yuanchong and chose Li Bai's 100 most representative poems. Each poem is equipped with beautiful appreciation text, which is conducive to readers to understand the connotation of poetry. The national translation practice activities have strict publication review process. Prior to the translation and publication, the relevant departments will conduct three reviews of the translation to ensure the quality and value orientation of the translation.

In the process of globalization, it is of great significance to build a good national image, enhance cultural self -confidence, and promote cultural consciousness. Through the English translation of Li Bai's poems, it can be found that the national translation practice can ensure that while respecting the culture of the country, respect the differences in the cultures of various countries, conducive to building a Chinese image, promoting the construction of cultural communities, and making the world feel the unique charm of Chinese culture. Essence Therefore, in the process of "going global" in Chinese culture, we must pay attention to the positive effects of national translation practice and give play to the role of national translation practice to regulate translation activities.

Source: China Social Sciences Network

Author: Zhu Yunhui Hu Mu

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