Today, the major results of Sanxingdui archeology are released!

Since the launch of the large -scale archeological excavation work in Samsung Dou, a large number of precious bronze, gold, and jade articles have been unearthed one after another, which has continued to attract the attention of everyone. The new season of Sanxingdui is starting. Today, 10: 00-11: 30 today, jointly sponsored by the "Archaeological China" project jointly sponsored by the Sichuan Provincial Institute of Cultural Relics and Archeology, the Sanxingdui Research Institute, and the Sanxingdui Museum The meeting of the Sanxingdui Museum in Guanghan, Sichuan, was held at the meeting. The archeological excavation work of the Sanxingdui site sacrifice area was notified at the meeting. Which step is the current archeological work? What are the newly unearthed cultural relics?

A number of small sacrifice pits were found outside the archeological greenhouse

From 2020 to 2022, a total of 1,834 square meters of excavation area was carried out in the sacrifice area. It basically confirmed that the sacrifice area was roughly northwest -southeast of rectangular distribution. It paid parallel to the Sanxingdui city wall next to the north side, with an area of ​​nearly 13,000 square meters.

The main generations distributed in the sacrifice area are related to the sacrifice activities, including the No. 1 pit, No. 2 pit excavated in 1986, and 6 pits newly discovered. The shaped or rectangular sacrifice pits, as well as the ash ditch on the south, the northwestern buildings. The northwestern building planes are rectangular with an area of ​​only 80 square meters. The construction procedures are complicated. Because similar buildings are close to each other, the building is likely to belong to part of the large building complex.

Ashes, building foundations, and small sacrifice pits are unearthed in precious cultural relics such as gold wares, collar copper 瑗, kneeling stone tigers, kneeling stone people, stone tales, stone pupa, jade chisel, turquoise and ivory. Under the existing sacrifice area accumulation (level ⑤ layer), it is also distributed with a sacrifice pit buried or relatively complete jade artifact, indicating that the sacrifice area continues to use for a long time. The sacrifice relics are the late stages of the sacrifice area.

The area outside the sacrifice area and the early stacking of the sacrifice area was found in the residential relics, which was mixed with more ashes, burned soil particles and crushing pottery. The residential relics outside the sacrifice area and the stacked sacrifice area are about 3,000 years old.

A total of nearly 13,000 cultural relics were unearthed in 6 hits

As of May 2022, K3, K4, K5, and K6 have ended the field excavation. Among them, K3 and K4 have entered the collation phase. K5 and K6 are carrying out laboratory archeological cleanups. K7 and K8 are extracting cultural relics.

A total of nearly 13,000 cultural relics were unearthed in six pits, of which 3155 were relatively complete. K3 unearthed 1293 pieces, including 764 bronze, 104 gold wares, 207 jade articles, 88 stone artifacts, 11 pieces of pottery, 104 ivory, and 15 other; 79 were unearthed in K4 , 2 pieces of pottery, 47 ivory; 23 K5 extract, 2 copper wares, 19 gold wares, 2 pieces of jade; K6 unearthed two pieces of jade; 706 unearthed K7 140 jade articles, 1 stone tool, 62 ivory, 68 other; 1052 unearthed K8, including 68 copper, 368 gold wares, 205 jade, 34 stone artifacts, and 377 ivory. The more typical cultural relics are K3 golden masks, copper tops, portraits, copper top portrait, copper top respected avatar, copper wearing small hat, standing copper avatar, copper dragon climbing cover, copper Pan Dragon dragon dragon dragon dragon dragon dragon dragon dragon Covered, copper mask, copper round mouth square, bronze beast first bird round, copper small beast, god tree pattern jade, carved jade seat, K4's copper -turned kneeling portrait, k5 gold mask, birds, birds, birds, birds, birds, birds, birds, birds Form gold decoration, ivory carving, K6's jade knife, wooden box, K7's turtle -shaped mesh grid, copper top dragon shape, three -hole jade -shaped shape, K8 golden mask copper head, top snake body bronze portrait portrait portrait , Copper altar, copper giant beast, copper dragon, copper portrait, copper wearing ivory portrait, copper pig nose dragon shape, copper god hall cover, stone 磬, etc.

Multi -disciplinary research results are rich

As the excavation of archeological scenes continues, the cleanup and protection of cultural relics are also carried out simultaneously.

In the process of protection and repair, adhere to the principles of analysis and research and protection synchronization. By preserving environmental electrochemical monitoring, the relationship between environment and bronze corrosion is explored. With micro -observation, multiple pieces of residual silk relics and jade made and used traces. The use of micro -CT, scanning electron microscope spectrum, and Raman spectrometry analysis technology made preliminary analysis of some typical bronze, jade matrix, rust product structure and ingredients, and casting process. These studies provide a basis for the protection and restoration measures of cultural relics, and provide scientific support for cultural relic information and value interpretation.

During the finishing stage, after fine, standardized cleanup and reversible physical solid, make a number of "weights such as the weight of Dakou, Yuankou Fangzun, Top Zun Kneeling Portrait, Kneeling Portrait of the Top "Stand" "standing" and exhibited to the public.

Multi -disciplinary research results related to the Sanxingdui site sacrifice area are rich in results

1. Use micro -observation to find more than 20 bronze wares and ivory surfaces unearthed. Textiles are found on the surface of ivory; found on the ashes of No. 4 pits and traces of silk threads. Essence

2. Preliminary determination of No. 4 pit ashes contains the type. The use of micro -observation, high spectrum and micro -nano CT analysis, preliminary judgment of No. 4 pit ash layer is not obviously layered; Zhu Yako found in the 4 pit ashes layer 4 found in the ashes of the ashes layer No. 4. , Nanyu, broad -leaf tree material, palm family, reeds, grasses, cabbage, soybeans, chrysanthemums, and a small amount of carbonized rice. Among them, Zhiake accounts for more than 90%. The result is of great significance to study the Sichuan Basin's environment at the same time. 3. Six pits extract nearly 200 carbon fourteen samples. After the Bayesian statistics tree wheel correction calculates that the buried age of several pits is probably the probability of falling within the range from 1150 BC to 1000 BC. In the late Shang Dynasty, it provided a scientific basis for studying the relationship between several pits.

4. Using infrared compound temperature measurement method to know that the burning temperature of the No. 4 pit ash layer is about 400 ° C.

5. Through modern testing technology such as X -ray detection and CT scanning, it is found that the small bronze portrait unearthed from the No. 3 pit uses the core bone casting process; it is found that the jade tube drilling method is divided into 2 categories: pair diamond, single -sided drilling; hole channel processing is divided into divided into divided Class 2: After polishing, without polishing.

6. The study of the No. 4 pit burial characteristics obtained staged results. Studies have shown that No. 4 pits are similar to soil, soil beside the sacrifice pit, and the characteristics of the exterior soil of the greenhouse, which are all causes of rivers; consistency of the characteristics of soil and filling soil rocks reflect that the water system provided by the source of sediments is in the system. There are no obvious diversions or replacements in the source area. The study also shows that the soil on the bottom of the No. 4 pit has not been burned.

7. From the perspective of amino acid residues and microbial activity, the organic substances in each pit are severely degraded, but rich organic substances can still be detected. Among them, the analysis of fatty acids shows that the sacrifice pit has obvious evidence of organic matter with animal fat. The protein group detects the protein ingredients of oxen and wild boars. Combined with the characteristics of sacrifice in the Shang and Zhou dynasties, oxen and wild boars are likely to be used as sacrifice. In addition, the analysis results show that the loss of bronze CU, SN, and PB elements in each pit soil mixture and ivory shell residue. The preliminary speculation is that the sacrifice area is in a high humidity buried environment. Water is used as a solvent, which spreads various ingredients and relics in the sacrifice pit, including organic matter. Provide some basis for research on the corrosion mechanism of utensils.

8. Archaeological excavation site emergency protection system based on preventive protection, and jointly developed with relevant units through independent design and jointly developed with relevant units, integrates constant temperature constant and humidity excavations, multi -functional archeological excavation systems, emergency protection platforms, air intelligent regulation systems, cultural relics protection system, cultural relics protection The comprehensive information management platform, environment and soil site monitoring comprehensive information system and other technological facilities and equipment, provides effective temperature and humidity control for the protection of unearthed cultural relics, especially organic ivory protection, and the effect is obvious.

In addition, multi -disciplinary research work is on the surface of ivory surface burning, the analysis of the jade wares, the analysis of jade and jade material and the microfana, gold foil component detection, bronze gold phase analysis, ivory ancient DNA analysis, etc. Essence

Chengdu Daily Jinguan News Reporter Duan Yan Editor He Qixie Editor Liu Yonghao

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