This kind of small paper man dances magic, really does not tie the fish line ~

Wyr

Vibration is a phenomenon common to the universe. Even a static dust, in the micro world, its particles, electronics, and quarks are constantly vibrating. The universe is everything, there is no absolute static state. String theory in modern quantum physics even proposed that all substances in nature are produced by the vibration of "string" at the micro level. It can be said that the vibration is everywhere. The most familiar vibration in daily life is the "sound" around us.

From the Lenovo of sound and object vibration, to 1881 "Nature" magazine published the Chinese paper "Acoustic Study in China" for the first time, and then equipped with China's research and development of water communication systems in 2021, and dived through the manned diving of 10,000 meters. The "Struggler" and "Voice of China" came from the deepest bottom of the sea. Acoustics research is a strong stroke in the history of Chinese science.

This article introduces how the wisdom of the ancients in my country has made the invisible sound waves "visible", and then uses the physical properties of sound transmission and vibration to create a splendid scientific culture.

Throughout the history of science, the establishment of the concept of sound waves is not easy. In daily life, the water waves that raindrops falling on the water are the phenomenon of common waves, but the sound waves spreading in the air are invisible. Only on the basis of daily observation and life experience, thinking and speculating can the phenomenon of water waves be deduced to the air.

The history of sound waves follows this development route. In ancient times, people often saw water waves, and the fish leaps on the lake and the falling branches raised ripples. This natural phenomenon attracted their attention and derived the artistic changes in art: this kind of water surface ripple was depicted on the pottery utensils by the artist of the Neolithic Age. There are exquisite water wave patterns (Figure 1).

Yangshao Cultural Water Waves Pottery, about 5000-BC 3000 BC (Figure 1), Source: Baidu Encyclopedia

During the Shang and Zhou dynasties of the Bronze Age, many bronze wares had various water wave patterns that appeared with dragon patterns, and they were winding and fluctuating and smoothly. It also showed that the ancient artistic conception came from experience in life and practice (Figure 2).

Western Zhou Bronze (Yí), 1046 BC 771 BC (Figure 2), source Baidu Encyclopedia

With the development of history, the ancients' conjecture of the waves has changed further: During the Eastern Han Dynasty in the 1st century AD, the thinker Wang Chong first made an analogy with the visible water waves and the invisible sound waves. It wrote: "One foot long in the fish, moved in the water, and the water beside the side, but a few feet, but if you are not as much as the same as the people, it is only a hundred steps, and the one mile is clearly clarified. People have changed their qi and far away, suitable for fish, etc., qi should respond, and it should be equal to water. "

Wang Chong, AD 27-97; "On Heng", 88 AD (Figure 3), Source: Baidu Encyclopedia

Wang Chong expressed a scientific idea here: the intensity of the waves is declining with the increase of spreading distance. If the water waves aroused by the fish are not 100 steps away, it disappears in five hundred meters away; The water wave vibrates, and the vocals spread in the air and decreased with the distance. Wang Chong may be the earliest to show the invisible sound waves, and he also pointed out the relationship between sound strength and spreading distance. "On the Heng · During Death" also: "People who have a person who speaks and calls for the words, and shake his tongue in the mouth and throat. It is generated by air.

In the Ming Dynasty in the 17th century, the concept of sound waves in the air was clearer with water ripple metaphors. Song Yingxing, a scientist in the Ming Dynasty, talked about the concept of sound waves in the acoustic book "On Qi · Qi Sound": "The qi is dying ... the sound of the sound, Feiya is also ... The string is also ... the rush of the thing, such as the water of the water ... to the stones, the water on the surface to welcomes the stone, and its text waves are unfolding in turn, and the abbot is still not resting. The breath is still 其. "The conclusion is that the shock of the type of the air caused the fluctuation of the air, like the ripple generated by the stone surface.

Anna Marineenko, Nature Sound Form Wave, 2014, Source: Behance

The physics thoughts of the ancients about sound waves were a simple scientific understanding. In fact, although sound waves and water waves are both waves, because the direction of air vibration is consistent with the direction of sound waves, the sound waves spread in the air are longitudinal waves; because the water wave is the surface wave caused by the surface tension of the liquid, the water wave is horizontal wave. In view of the limitations of the times, ancient people did not distinguish it.

There were many scientific discoveries about the resonance of solid matter in ancient my country. During the Warring States Period of the 5-4th century BC, the Lu country Mo Zhai and his book "Mozi" recorded that he used the resonance sounds from many of the pottery tanks buried in the ground to identify the conspiracy of the enemy to dig a hole in the city: "Lest the Tao people as a pops, to be more than forty buckets, in the well, so that Satoshi Fu Cui is listened to it. Use resonance principle records.

During the same period, Zhuangzi recorded the resonance situation of Seng's various string in his work "Miscellaneous Articles": "Regulate it for it, abandoned (ie) in one room, abolished in one room, and the Drum Palace. The drums are moving, and the rhythm is the same. "It means that when the string of the palace and the horns in the guest hall, the corresponding string in the bedroom also vibrates. About 1500 years after Mozi and Zhuangzi, Shen Kuo also had related discoveries. Shen Kuo, a scientist in the Northern Song Dynasty in the 11th century, used an interesting "paperman resonance" experiment to discuss the resonance of musical instruments. He recorded in "Mengxi Bi Tan · Fu Ji Talking Law": "Those who want to know about their response, first adjust the sound of the string order, but the paper -cut people plus the strings, and the strings are drumming, then the paper is jumping. Move. "It means that if you want to know the corresponding string of a string, you can first adjust the sounds of each strings (according to the five sounds), and then put the paper -cutter on each string. String, paper people will jump and tremble, play other strings, and paper people will not move.

Paperman resonance simulation experiment (Figure 5), Source: Tencent Video

Piano String Paper Human Resonance Experiment, Source: Tencent Video

On the occasion of the 17th century, scientists Fang Yizhi repeated the resonance experiments and expanded the scope of cognition after reading the "Mengxi Bi Tan". Inside and outside, the outside of the planet, the inner strings also moved, such as the ding Sanxianzi as the plum blossom, the small paper is posted by the small paper, and the plum blossom tune in the flute beside the flute, the paper of this string is also moved. "(Figure 6)

Unparalleled master Fang Yi Zhizhi, 17th century (Figure 6), Source: Anhui Museum

The experimental process is that the instruments are placed inside and outside the door first, and the strings inside the door of the door of the beam also resonate; if the Sanxian is set to plum blossoms, and then the Sanxian will also vibrate when the same tone is played with the same adjustment. Resonance on different musical instruments. It proves that the condition of resonance is the same frequency and has nothing to do with the type of instrument. This is what Shen Kuo of the Northern Song Dynasty did not recognize it. In the 17th century West in the same period, resonance phenomenon was first proposed by Italian scientist Galileo.

Some museums and science and technology museums today are collected with ancient washing utensils such as "fish washing". Metal, looks like the current washbasin. There is a handle on the left and right side of the basin, called the ears. When frictional two ears produce resonance, it can make a roar of roar. It is said that this thing was used as a retreat in ancient times. Inside, the enemy soldiers heard the sound (Figure 7).

Bronze antique fish washing (Figure 7), source: Baidu Encyclopedia

"Washing" is a basin in ancient China for water and cleaning, which is made of brass. There is a ring handle on each side, called "ear washing". "Fish washing" is a "washing" named after the pattern with fish -shaped patterns. The bottom of the basin is decorated with fish patterns, called "fish washing"; the two dragon patterns are decorated with the bottom of the pot, which is called "dragon washing". This kind of utensils have been commonly used during the pre -Qin period, and the emergence of copper -spraying copper fish was first recorded in the Tang Dynasty. It shows that the ancients of the ancients in my country had a certain grasp of vibration and sound (Figure 8).

Rubbing fish to wash your ears (Figure 8), Source: YouTube

The wonderful place of the fish is to rub the two ears by the pots with a slowly rhythmic hand with water. The pot will vibrate like being hit. The water flowers of fish washing, the flushing of the water waves, and the buzzing of the copper basin was caused by the friction frequency of the hand to the pot of the pot and the vibration frequency of the water and the copper basin pelvic cavity. However, due to the limitation of the "washing" bottom, the fluctuations that it generates cannot be spread outward, so the incident waves on the wall of the "washing" and reflex waves are superimposed to form a resident wave. Rubing a round pot with hand is the most likely to produce a low -value resonance frequency. The maximum amplitude on the "wash wall" will immediately stimulate the water surface and stimulate the nearby water to form water splashes (Figure 9).

Rubbing fish to wash your ears (Figure 9), Source: YouTube

British physicist Michael Faraday phenomenon of "Faraday Wave" proposed in 1831, which can explain the spectacle of "fish washing water": if you apply vertical sine waves on the surface of the liquid, then the liquid surface of the liquid surface There will be a special texture -Faraday wave, which is a kind of resident wave (a synthetic wave that does not spread). (Figure 10)

Richmond sio, applied 120Hz sound waves in corn starch solution (Figure 10), source: YouTube

The howth of the alligatology calling the spouse on the bottom of the water will also stir up the Farah wave on the water. (Figure 11)

Pandadgommer for puppet (Figure 11), Source: BBC

The development of ancient acoustics in my country has gone through the road of twists and turns. The conflict between the simple materialism and subjective idealism and the feudal system runs through the acoustic development. Historically, such as the thinker Dong Zhongshu regards many scientific phenomena as "heaven and human induction", such as the phenomenon of Qinse resonance: "Qinse reports his palace, his palace responds from being in his own. In order to be invisible, if people do not see the shape of their mobility, they are also queen. "Ancient feudal ruler emphasized a unilateral emphasis on governing the country, and ignored the importance of science and technology to govern the country until the end of the feudal society was still arrogant. But the simplicity of ancient materialists promoted the development of acoustics. They can explain the world from the world itself and pay attention to practice, but no matter what attitude these natural scientists adopt, they are eventually controlled by philosophy at the time.

Nowadays, China's science and technology have developed rapidly, and their voice has also achieved impressive results.In 2012, the "Dragons" dived in the deep sea, representing the function and performance of my country's water acoustic communication system.In 2018, the "Sea Eye" water -sounding remote detection system came out, which is a powerful guarantee for my country's "territory" at sea.The technological breakthroughs in the world's leading world witnessed the transition from "chasing" to "running", and even "leading".The past thousand years, Xiao Se Qiufeng is today and changed the world.Reference:

"Ancient Volume-History of Chinese Physics", Dai Nianzu, 2006

https://www.sohu.com/a/460725483_518593

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