Principles of translation of new scientific and technological terms

As a special type of vocabulary in human language, terms are the basic elements of the concept of scientific, definition, and laws. The term not only represents the knowledge of the professional field, constructs the knowledge system, but also meets the needs of speech communication, and participates in discourse construction. With the cross -integration of disciplines and the development of language, the term system is constantly changing, and this situation increases the difficulty of terms of terms. In the process of communication, due to factors such as the knowledge background, cognitive level and the social and cultural situations they live in, the context complexity of the term communication is even more prominent. The essence of the term translation is the second name of the concept of term related concepts, and the communication dilemma faced by the translator is even worse. At the beginning of the 21st century, the Spanish terminologist Maburi (M. T. Cabré) proposed the "theory of communication terms", emphasizing the concepts of terminology, the three dimensions of the language, and communication. These three dimensions are inspired by the cross -language communication of the term. The term translation involves the coordination of the conceptual concept, language context, and cultural context of the term. The conceptual context is unique to the symbol of the conceptual symbol, and the impact of the language context and cultural context reflect the term as the term. The common attributes of ordinary words. Translators need not only examine the concepts and attributes of the source terms, but also to examine the cultural cognitive context of the audience, and strive to produce the conceptual and acceptable terms with accurate concepts.

The new term of technology and new technology, and the translation of key terms is related to the promotion and popularization of technology. The translation of scientific and technological terminology must follow the general principles of translation, but also restrict the characteristics of its terms. In the translation of scientific terminology, use first, semantic and word shape. The value of the consignment includes rhetoric, context and cultural value. Emphasizing the implementation of the verbal value of the term translation, it is just in line with the theory of Cabre's communication terms. The communication of the term corresponds to its language value, the conceptual dimension corresponds to its semantic value, and the language rune is corresponding to its word value. From this, the three principles of science and technology translation should be followed -communication priority (useful), and in terms of use) Conceptual follow -up (semantics), synonymous (word shape). In actual operation, the use of the word is extremely guiding the mind, the semantic is very similar to the operation of the operation, that is, the pursuit of the semantic fit between the post -translation term and the original term, and the pursuit of the image aesthetic effect on the form shape. Based on this principle, there are many commonly used translation operations, including transliteration (including voice conversion and translation), formal translation, and free translations. It can be used alone or combined with two. The operation steps of the translation of science and technology can decompose the following four steps. We take the current hot metaverse as an example to explain this process by scrutinizing its Chinese translation.

Save its source: explore the development of development and vocabulary

Science fiction is an important place for high -tech new words. "Nurgee Roufe" published in 1984 is the opening of the Cyber ​​Punk sci -fi type novel. The author William Gibson predicted the global Internet and virtual reality in the book, and used the technology of network space, virtual reality, and hacker attack. Write into the past. He also created many new technical vocabulary, such as Cyber ​​space, virtual reality, Turing policeman, and Matrix (mother, matrix), which was named by the movie "Matrix" as a title. Many words have entered modern English Dictionary has become a new term technology.

Metaverse is also a term created in science fiction. In 1992, American science fiction master Neil Stephenonon described Metaverse in his novel "Aparies": "Wearing headphones and eyepieces, and finding a connection terminal, you can enter the computer simulation, parallel to the real world in the way The virtual space. "It depicts an immersive sharing space, crossing the physical world of different platforms to meet with the digital world. This is the earliest concept of the" Yuan Universe ". In addition, the novel "Aleff" published by Argentine writer and poet Borhes in 1949 also depicts a virtual universe Aleff. Although its diameter is only two or three centimeters, the entire universe space is included in it. According to the theory of expansion universe proposed by Russian physicist Friedman in 1922 (this theory has been confirmed), there was a time point in the past, and the universe was in a state of high temperature, high pressure and high density. They are at the same point, we call it "strange point", and the universe expands from the strange point in a big bang. Compared with Metaverse and Aleff, the latter is more like the universe in the early Yuan Dynasty -Metaverse is a virtual space that runs parallel to the real world.

Follow this method: clarify the rules of the constructor and evolutionary course

Metaverse is a composite word, composed of Meta and Verse, and Verse is the meaning of "version". Meta originated from Greek and has two meanings: beyond a certain field, beyond (beyond); more fundamental things behind something. The philosopher Zhao Tingyang believes that the first meaning of Meta is translated as "Super World" more in line with the facts. The translator of "The avalanche" translated Metaverse as "Super Domain". However, after more than ten years of the "avalanche" translation, the "super yuan domain" was not popular, but it was the "Yuan universe" fire.

Why is metaverse translated as "Yuan Universe"? In contrast to the seventh edition of the "Modern Chinese Dictionary" to the five interpretations of "Yuan", there is no meaning that it is fully in line with Meta. Item 3 "main; fundamental" may be similar to Meta's items 2. We are in another virtual world outside the real world, which is not more essential than the real world, nor is it the initial state of our world. Therefore, the translation of Metaverse as "Yuan Universe" obviously exaggerate the digital virtual world. We speculate that the "Yuan Universe" may be the Metalanguage (meta language), metalogic (meta logic), and universal (universe) with the same prefix. Translation of its meaning: clarify conceptual meaning and academic significance

"Yuan Universe" does not have a clear definition at present. Chen Xu proposed the three measures of the Yuan universe -identity system, value system, and immersive experience technology. The identity system, the digital identity established by the user in the Yuan universe, a identity corresponds to a "digital person". The value system is the economic system and operating rules of the Yuan universe, including how users create value, how to consume, and how to trade. The so -called immersive experience technology is the intelligent hardware technology experienced by the Yuan universe. The "digital identity" in the Yuan universe is not an account established by users for social, work, games and other purposes, but another "person" that has nothing to do with the real identity of the user: it "lives" independently in the Yuan universe Similar to users in parallel spaces.

At present, the Internet industry has gradually generated a certain consensus on the concept of the Yuan universe. The industry generally believes that the Yuan universe should include the material world and the virtual world. It is a long -lasting and stable real -time virtual space based on the real world.

Form its shape: the meaning of the concept of conversion is appropriate translation form

The translation form of the term must be observed. The principle of the term name will affect the realization of the term cognitive function to a certain extent, and then affect the communication of the term, and determines the vitality of a term. Metaverse is translated whether it is translated as "Super World", "Super Early Domain" or "Yuan Universe". Compared with the pronunciation feelings and sound effects of "Super Yuan Domain" and "Yuan Universe", the latter is obviously wins. In addition, the cultural connotation of the three characters of Yuan, Yu, and Zhou is also deeper. The combination of "Yuan+Universe" is used to translate Metaverse more like the rebirth of the classic concept of Chinese culture. In ancient China, "Yu" and "Zhou" both refer to small parts on people's living houses, and were later extended to the larger and larger "universe" concept. The word "universe" was used in a row, and first came from "Zhuangzi": "The sun and the moon, the universe, and consistent with it." The significance of the "universe" here is the standard time and space. "Yuan" is also a very cultural connotation Chinese character, such as Yuanshen, vitality, Yuan Chu, etc. In Chinese characters and Chinese cultural systems, the words "Yuan, Yu, and Zhou" have rich cultural connotation and strong vitality. The "Yuan Universe" uses new technical means such as expansion reality (XR), blockchain, cloud computing, and digital twin to make the original three abstract three Chinese characters, which may be the cultural driving force that it quickly spreads.

The translation of the "Yuan Universe" has been agreed, and it seems that there is no change and possibility. However, everyone should know that this "Yuan Universe" is not a "more essential world", but "another version of the world -digital virtual world".

Find inspiration from the core of Chinese traditional culture

The process of the term translation is also the process of symbolization, that is, the translator explains the essential characteristics of the source term symbols that feels, and uses target term symbols to reproduce its essential connotation. Once the concept of the term is translated, it is presented in the form of a target symbol. This symbol has perceived the essential characteristics of the source term in the reader's thinking of translation readers. It can achieve the discourse construction of the term, and the purpose of cross -term communication between the term is completed.

On the Chinese land with a long history and deep cultural heritage, even if it is small to a translation of a term, you should think about the cultural connotation behind the words. The translation of the term can find resources from the core of Chinese traditional culture, and dig the treasure from the Chinese characters with rich meaning. For example, Mr. Qian Xuesen translates Virtual Reality as "spiritual realm". A word "spirit" gives the original cold virtual space and space vitality and vitality, and is the same as the "green" word "green" on the south bank of the "spring breeze and green river".

Source: Journal of Social Sciences of China

Author: Gu Junling

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