Mazhengde: The core of non -heritage protection is people, and non -heritage must enter modern life

On May 28, 2001, Chinese Kunqu art was included in the "Human Oral and Intangible Cultural Heritage Representative Works" by UNESCO. The protection of intangible cultural heritage in the modern sense of China's modern sense has gone through nearly 20 years. The former first -level inspector of the Ministry of Culture and Tourism and the professor of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences participated in it from the beginning of the country's non -heritage protection work. During these years, he was a counterpart of non -heritage protection, but also non -heritage protection. The promoters and leaders of the work have personally participated in the application of the non -heritage list projects such as Guqin Art, Jigong Art, and Twenty -four solar terms. The promulgation of the Intangible Cultural Heritage Law of the People's Republic of China. On July 2nd, at the first lecture on the ["Art" Layout Heritage] held in the Classic Art Hall of the National Theater, Martyard shared his experience in the non -heritage protection work for more than 20 years, leading the audience to know Kunqu, Guqin, Second Second The protection practice of non -heritage lists such as fourteen solar terms.

In Madide's view, non -heritage protection should strengthen three consciousnesses. One is to be people -oriented and strengthen the core position of people; second, there must be a long -term vision of sustainable development; the third is to let non -heritage enter modern life instead of staying in stays instead of staying in stays instead of staying in stays instead of staying in stays instead of staying in stays instead of staying in stays instead of staying. In the past, non -heritage protection was "cultural rejuvenation" rather than "retro".

▲ Ma Shengde, the former deputy director of the Non of the Ministry of Culture and Tourism and a professor at the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences at the lecture site.

The core of non -heritage protection is human, not things

In February 2021, Weng Ding Laozhai, Cangyuan Autonomous County, Cangyuan, Lincang City, Yunnan Province lost fire. The first thing to know is whether there are casualties. Wengding Village is the original ecological village of the historical and cultural and traditional architectural style of the Chinese Dai people. The list of representative projects of national intangible cultural heritage was entered, and the cultural losses caused by the fire caused many people to suffer. After confirming that the villagers, especially the non -genetic inheritance in the Zhaizi, were settled, Madaids let go. Although this fire has lost the local non -heritage of the native environment they live in. Fortunately, the non -heritage is human carrier. As long as people are still there, the non -heritage will not disappear.

"We often say that‘ staying in Qingshan, not afraid of not having firewood ’, the‘ Qingshan ’in the non -legacy is a generation of inheritors. As long as they live, the culture will not be interrupted." Mazhengde said. In 2003, Martyhdid participated in promoting Guqin by UNESCO as "the masterpiece of human verbal and intangible cultural heritage". He recalled the name he declared at the time, not Guqin musical instruments. Including Guqin's production, performance skills, traditional spectrometry methods, performance rituals, the corresponding environment created, and the emotional communication, aesthetic pleasure and other intangible cultures such as music and people. The core element of inheritance is the carrier of these elements. During the "Cultural and Natural Heritage Day" in 2019, the Chinese Academy of Arts Research held "Dead Wooden Dragon Yin · Wake up in Guqin -the Chinese Academy of Arts Academy Collection of Guqin Concert", allowing modern pianists to play the Tang Dynasty Guqin in the Tang Dynasty Most of these Guqin quality and good quality, but since the 1990s, they have been treasured in the showcases and warehouses. There are few opportunities for Zhangxian and playing. It is not until the pianists play again, so that these millennium Guqin Revitalize the sound. "It is the superb skills of contemporary pianists that have woke up with these Guqin. Even if the musical instrument of Guqin cannot be saved permanently, as long as there is a pianist, the art of Guqin will not be interrupted. The skills of being mastered by others, not the utensil itself. "Madaid said.

In 2003, the "Convention on Protection of Intangible Cultural Heritage" adopted by the 32nd Conference of the UNESCO officially identified the definition of "intangible cultural heritage". Clarify the inheritance of non -heritage activity. "The intangible cultural heritage we currently identify should generally have three generations of cultural accumulation, about 100 years of history." Madide said. " It continues its vitality for hundreds of thousands of years. "The inheritance and family inheritance of the inheritance and family inheritance of generations have become the most common inheritance model of non -heritage, such as traditional opera, dance, music and other arts. The heart -passing mouth, mouth and ears, words, and teachings, so that those "unspeakable, unique artistic charm and style" are internalized by later human body. Debugging and innovation burst out the endless creativity of human beings.

"The carrier of intangible cultural heritage is human, and groups or individuals continue to create new creations of intangible cultural heritage in the process of adapting to the living environment. What is concerned about the concept of creating is the word 'again. The word 'again' is not a meaning of creation out of thin air, but a new creation based on the original or existing cultural basis. There is a concept of "second creation" in the art of opera. The achievement of achievement has become an important creativity in the development of human culture. It provides a common sense of identity and belonging for people who live in the community and environment of their lives, and provide a kind of identity and continuity. The respect of the creativity of human beings. "Madonde said that non -heritage protection is not to be unchanged, not to blindly respect the" original flavor ", just as the" Convention on the Protection of Intangible Cultural Heritage "emphasizes that non -heritage should be in response to sustainable development, and non -non -non -non -in -law should make non -non -non -legacy development, and non -non -non -income development, and non -non -non -non -legacy must be allowed to allow non -non -heritage development to allow non -in -law to make non -non -legacy. Heritage has continuously created changes, such as the source of living water to contemporary culture and contemporary life. "So I have a slogan, as long as our non -heritage still has a breath, we cannot enter the museum. Entering the museum will become a thing, it will not be able to talk about its lively inheritance in reality." Non -heritage protection Chinese experience

On November 30, 2016, the twenty -four solar terms in my country were included in the UNESCO "List of Human Intangible Cultural Heritage". At that time, Madesheng was a inspector of the Ministry of Culture's non -preparation of the Ministry of Culture. He was appointed by the party group of the Ministry of Culture. As the head of the Chinese government delegation, he participated in the eleventh regular meeting of the UNESCO to protect the intangible cultural heritage government committee. This is a moment of pride. When the chairman of the meeting announced that the project's project was approved, the audience had a warm applause. Maztad found that compared with the successful application of Kunqu's application, this application successfully aroused a stronger response among the people. For a while, the Internet cheered, with the theme of the twenty -four solar terms, and stage performances, stage performances, and stage performances There have been emerging, and merchants have sold tea bags related to twenty -four solar terms. "Why is there such a big change?" Mazhengde believes that this is not only because the twenty -four solar terms are a well -known concept, and the scope is greater than Kunqu, but also because people's cultural conscious protection awareness has greatly improved in these 10 years. Twenty -four solar terms The success of the application is also a microcosm of the progress of China's non -heritage protection.

"With the 2001 UNESCO announced the announcement of Chinese Kunqu opera as a" representative and intangible heritage masterpiece "as an important time node, the protection work under the concept of intangible cultural heritage in my country has gone through more than 20 years." The development of the protection work, he said that the history of the protection of non -heritage in my country can be traced back to the ancient "Book of Songs". It is an example of recording and organizing folk songs; since the 1950s The survey and recording of the folk customs of the border ethnic minority ethnic minorities, and the rescue recording of folk music such as "Erquan Yingyue" witnessed the start of non -heritage protection. Beginning in the 1980s, the National Social Science Fund was major. The project and national art science key project "Chinese National Folk Literature Integration Book" (ten volumes) is an important achievement of the rescue records of non -heritage protection, and is known as the "Great Wall of China".

Madide listed some numbers to sort out the achievements of China's non -heritage protection in the new period: from 2005 to 2009, non -heritage investigations counting 870,000 massive non -heritage resources in our country; 2007, 2008, 2009, 2012, and 2018 The national cultural authority has named the representative inheritor of the representative project of the national intangible cultural heritage representative project. As of December 2021, the representative inheritance of the representative project of the national intangible cultural heritage was 3063; The "Intangible Cultural Heritage Law of the People's Republic of China" was born, and my country has gradually established a government -led intangible cultural heritage protection system from top to bottom, and strives to promote China's non -heritage to the world; in addition, my country has established 23 national culture Ecological protection (experimental) district and 100 national intangible cultural heritage productive protection demonstration bases for productive protection demonstration bases. Madesheng summarized many experiences of China's non -heritage protection, including non -heritage rescue records and productive protection; focusing on the protection and support of non -genetic inheritors; strengthening the overall protection of non -heritage, such as establishing a cultural ecological protection zone, will be established, and will be established. The village space and regional culture that organically linked with non -heritage were protected; paying attention to legislation, maintaining the continuity and coherence of non -heritage protection policies; establishing a national, provincial, municipal, and county -level list system, which is an important Non -heritage protection system.

The protection of non -heritage is not to make it a "big panda" in the zoo, nor the replication of ancient utensils, but to find the spiritual connection with the contemporary people in the living inheritance. Why is the inheritance of non -heritage is crucial? According to Madide's view, non -relics contain the creativity of human culture, an important resource for cultural diversity and sustainable development, and a symbol of a regional or ethnic cultural identity. "Many of our folk culture in the past have been difficult to climb, but folk culture reflects a strong vitality. It is like a dark river. Important resources for continuous development. Our culture cannot be based on the wood -free wood and water -free water, and we must carry forward in the excellent tradition. "

It is reported that the "Classic Art Lecture Hall" is an art lecture and art experience activity throughout the year through the National Grand Theater. The project is performed around the National Grand Theater. Every week, artists, experts and scholars at home and abroad are invited to adopt the method of "combining lectures and compassion". In 15 years, more than 3,000 units involving songs, music, dance, drama, and drama have been carried out in 15 years. Art education activities. ["Art" Layout Heritage] is a series of lectures specially planned for the "Classic Art Lecture Hall" of the National Theater in 2022. From the perspective of art, the protection of non -heritage knowledge, the charm of non -heritage reading, and inviting non -genetic inheritance will be invited to invite non -genetic inheritance. Human, performing artists, experts and scholars, etc., explain and display traditional non -heritage projects such as traditional dance, traditional music, traditional drama, and song art. In addition to this first lecture, this series of lectures will also hold non -heritage projects such as Guqin, Puppet, and ethnic minority music to lead the audience to appreciate the charm of Chinese excellent traditional culture.

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Author: this newspaper reporter Peng Dan in Beijing

Photo: Madide himself/picture confession

Edit: Lu Zhengming

Editor in charge: Jiang Shengxin

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