Ingenuity ｜ Song Xiping's "Lacquer Arts Life" ⑤: The heart of the ancient art and art from generation to generation is the sense of responsibility

Cover reporter Li Yuxin Liu Kexin Intern Wang Zhuo

The eyes were firm and persistent. The hand wearing a finger set dipped the paint while dipping the paint. Slightly shaking ... In Chengdu in early summer, when you walk into a residential area of ​​Chengdu Normal University, you can see a 71 -year -old man who is meticulously making lacquerware. After the initial grounding, dozens of processes such as lacquer and lighting are waiting for this lacquerware. In the end, it will change from a simple wooden tire to a glossy lacquerware, and emit light on the display rack. The producer of this lacquerware is the representative inheritor of the national intangible cultural heritage project in Chengdu, Song Xiping, a master of arts and crafts in Sichuan Province.

Song Xiping is making lacquerware

When you come to Song Xiping's studio, the exquisite lacquerware everywhere can be seen everywhere. On the slightly messy workbench, the masters are gathered in the process of hand in their hands. In the sultry of the summer, the fine sweat from their forehead emerges Did not wipe. "When I make a lacquerware, I sit for a day." Song Xiping said with a smile while stroking the fine lines on the paint.

Day after day, year after year, in the small world, Song Xiping accompanied Chengdu lacquerware for 50 years. A novice in the lacquerware crafts factory has now become a master of lacquer arts in Tibetan friends all over the world. Although it has been in the ancient years, Song Xiping still insists on making one or two large lacquerware every year.

Song Xiping is making lacquerware

50 years with "entanglement" with raw paint

Almost "long lacquer tunnels every year"

In the first entered Song Xiping's studio, you can smell a special smell in the air without smelling it. This is the sour smell of dark paint, and to make paint arts, it is always indispensable to "deal" with raw lacquer. Looking at the skin that Song Xiping's nudity is exposed in the air, you will find that there are some "small bumps" on his arms, which is also the "lacquer" often referred to in the mouth of lacquer art practitioners. For the first time, Song Xiping saw the "powerful" of raw paint, which should be in 1972.

After returning to time back to 1972, Chengdu Lacquer Water Craft Factory recruited 10 workers from the society. Song Xiping was one of them. At that time, at the age of 21, she formed a lifetime with Chengdu lacquerware. When he first entered the factory, Song Xiping studied decorative techniques from Chen Chun and Master for three years, and later learned decorative techniques from the lacquer art master of Tsinghua Academy and Sichuan Academy of Fine Arts, and worked for many years of carving.

Anyone who is familiar with Song Xiping knows that he has been famous for his long -time carving in the lacquer art world. Behind this excellent craft, part of the reason may be attributed to "paint". "The 10 female workers who were recruited that year were carved workers at first, but after learning for a stage, they had to start contacting the lacquer workers and help Master to fight." Raw lacquer was poisonous. Song Xiping was particularly allergic to raw paint. It's amazing, the eyes are almost swollen into a sewing. "No way, I was too allergic to be too much, so I had to do carving again." Under the deposition of many years of craftsmanship, the carving worker has become Song Xiping's best craft.

But if you do lacquer wares, you always have to pass the "paint". In the 50 -year light yin, Song Xiping's "lacquer" is good and good, good and long. Until now, every spring and summer, she has a long paint, and there are some scars that are not easy to detect on her arm, but she is used to it.

If long lacquer sister -in -law is only a physiological torture and can still endure it, then the hundreds of processes in Chengdu lacquerware are less than a practice: the heart must be quiet to persist. "Because the lacquerware is very complicated and very embarrassing, the process must be learned one by one, and after learning for a year, I just get started."

Song Xiping recalled that when they first learned about lacquer art, they started from the simplest. How to make tires and paint, and how to grind the paint tires and flat, behind this complicated order, test the patience of apprentices. So until now, she will go to Song Xiping to learn lacquer skills, and she will give them a "prevention needle" in advance. "Learning lacquer can't have impetuous psychology. I have to make the truth clearly and be prepared to fight for a long time."

"The lacquerware must be done while learning. Only three or five years can you make something that you are more satisfied with." In addition to the long and tedious learning process, the craftsmen also need to get used to the frustration caused by the lacquerware to destroy. Due to the influence of climate and raw lacquer quality, the rework rate of lacquerware is extremely high, and at least 20 problems in 100. In the words, Song Xiping picked up a semi -finished product that had not been completed from the showcase for two years: Because the dry conditions were not ideal, this lacquerware was repeatedly painted, and it has not yet reached this step of carving. "Even if you only do this in a year, I want it to be perfect as much as possible so that I am satisfied."

Welcome to the climax after retirement

"Can't stop at a level"

In 1972, Changsha City, Hunan Province, discovered the Mawangdui Han tomb that shocked the archeological world, among which a large number of lacquer wares produced by Chengdu were unearthed, proving that Sichuan was the main area of ​​lacquerware. Because of this, Chengdu lacquerware ushered in a new climax of development at that time. Under the leadership of the masters, Song Xiping gradually mastered the core techniques such as carving and lacquer workers, and the carved things were also very popular. "I did well in the factory, and no one picked my fault."

But the good times did not last long, and the Chengdu lacquerware craft factory gradually declined in the later years. "Just like tide, Chengdu lacquerware has also experienced high and low." In 2002, Song Xiping officially retired from the lacquerware factory, but she did not take a rest for her lacquer career. "Because the master of our generation has slowly died, I also have mastered the craftsmanship of the lacquerware, and then I just do it and inherit it." The savings opened the road to entrepreneurship with several Master in the lacquerware factory. However, the entrepreneurial process is not as good as she expected, and there are several times after several bumps and creams. "I did not earn money a few years ago, and a bunch of lacquerware was piled there." Until 2006, the incident began to turn. The first batch of national intangible cultural heritage list was released, and Chengdu lacquer ware was successfully selected. Subsequently, Song Xiping was selected as the representative inheritor of Chengdu Qiqiyi, and he had his own studio in Manjushkang.

At this stage, Song Xiping ushered in the "blowout period" created by his own creation, and produced highly known lacquer art works such as "Four Seasons Flower and Birds", "Wen Jun Listening to the Piano" and "Shu Palace Music Picture". "There are indeed a lot of my works. The light exhibition has been held for four sessions. There are collections in the National Museum and the Shanghai Museum." But such an outbreak is not happened overnight. In terms of technology, Song Xiping has also experienced an extremely important change. Essence

"We have come into contact with many Japanese friends before. The lacquerware they gave us did very well, so that we doubted whether it was made by the machine." Can it be so flat by hand? Can it achieve this extreme? With such questions, Song Xiping went to Japan twice to inspect. After entering Japan's colleges, private workshops, and research institutes, her questions were completely answered: every process of Japanese lacquer art was made by a special person, and her grandparents only did this process. "This makes me have to admire them."

After returning from Japan, Song Xiping returned a lot of lacquer wares before. "I have seen it before, and I can't see it now." Song Xiping said that although he couldn't do zero flaws, he had to do his best to make the lacquerware perfect. "I must constantly improve my skills, not to stop at a level, and do better and better."

Song Xiping is making lacquerware

Live ancient method of art from generation to generation

"The spirit of craftsman is the sense of responsibility"

The trip to Japan had a great impact on Song Xiping, and after returning, he had been reflecting on the previous production process. According to her memories, when the lacquerware factory was previously, it was a assembly line. Under the requirements of the output index, it was impossible to make people end from the beginning. "In the past, the painter was a lacquer worker, and decoration was decorative, and it was only the process of your own." Although it can shorten the production cycle, the product will also have flaws.

As a result, Song Xiping decided to come to be an apprentice after deciding. "Because the processes are over and over, either lacquer workers are doing it or decoratives are doing it." She asked her apprentices to consider the connection between each process, so even if they only focused on one way in the future, they must learn from beginning to ground to the end. Over.

Such changes, in addition to the pursuit of "fascinating" of skills, also have markets. Song Xiping confessed that when he was in the lacquerware factory, because the buyers basically did not understand the lacquerware, they also bought it to others, and the overall atmosphere was not strict. However, after opening the studio, consumers who come to buy basically do collectively, and hope to buy almost perfect lacquerware, and the requirements for lacquerware have naturally improved. "Once you enter the market, consumers will come to ask you, and also feedback a lot of opinions." Under the strict requirements of the market and their own, Song Xiping's skills are becoming more and more exquisite, and many people come to customize and collect them.

But the customized high -end route is also high, and the price is also high. With the development of lacquer wares, more and more people want to have a lacquerware. After thinking about it, Song Xiping decided to start making some small and medium -sized lacquerware, so that more people can taste the charm of lacquerware. "I can't cut corners, do whatever I do. For the lacquerware, the price is relatively cheap, which can meet the needs of most consumers."

One of Song Xiping's works

In recent years, lacquer wares have many innovative places in terms of patterns or skills. "Now the aesthetic requirements of young people are getting higher and higher. We have to do more refined and more beautiful in patterns and colors. The design must also fit the aesthetics of modern people." Song Xiping laughed, no matter where she goes to where to go to The first is to go to the local museum and buy a lot of information to learn. In her spare time, she will also go to the park to sketch to observe how flowers and plants grow, so that the pattern image is vivid.

In terms of craftsmanship, Song Xiping and her team are also working hard. Like the reborn characteristics of Jin'an District, Fuzhou, they were absorbed and accommodated to Chengdu lacquerware. But no matter how they change, she always emphasizes the characteristics of carving. "Because the carving of the Chengdu lacquerware is not elsewhere elsewhere, like the light on the tin film is a unique and powerful craft. While growing up and supplementing, it is necessary to retain your regional characteristics."

Today, her team has six masters and apprentices, as well as the master and her daughter who worked together in the Qiushu Factory before. From the beginning of the work room, Song Xiping brought dozens of apprentices before and after. For those who want to learn arts, Song Xiping also has its own standards. Artists, because of high investment and slow money, gave up without perseverance, which made her feel very unfortunate and helpless. "Because our line is to accumulate, we have learned for decades to produce a good lacquerware." Time has flown quickly, and Song Xiping also entered the ancient years from the peaches and Li Nianhua. However, she was not like most of her peers, relaxed early and retreated to the second line, but was deeply responsible and responsible because of the identity of the representative inheritance of Chengdu lacquer art. "The spirit of the craftsman is the sense of responsibility, and we can't be sloppy at all. We must pass it down from the previous generation of Master's hands." Then, she repeated again, "Teach them well."

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