[Memory] How does Chengdu City Wall disappear?

How did Chengdu City Wall disappear?

Chengdu Chengyuan was built in 310 BC and basically disappeared in the 1970s, lasted nearly 2,300 years. In the Qing Dynasty and before, the city walls have always been an important military defense facility in Chengdu City, and they have greatly attached great importance to protection and maintenance. The Qing Dynasty stipulated that Chengdu's Zhifu stepped down, and the complete city walls must be submitted to the new Zhifu together with the officials.

one

Qin City

In 316 BC, Qin and Shu, in 310 BC "Zhang Yi and Zhang Ruocheng Chengdu, twelve miles of Zhou Hui, seven feet high ... There are houses on the top, and the building watching fence", Qincheng was originally built as a military fortress. Later, a small town was built in the west of the city and connected to the original city, thinking that the second defense system after the big city broke through. History is called the original city of the city, and the small town is Shaocheng.

Qin Dynasty Creating Dacheng Shaocheng Map

During the Western Han Dynasty, Chengdu was prosperous, and the population increased (second only to the capital of Changan), and it was listed as one of the five capitals. In order to adapt to urban development, the attached Guo is specially increased. In order to facilitate transportation, Emperor Hanwu Yuan Ding in the second year (115 BC) increased the Great City and Shaocheng to 9 gates, and Chengdu City opened a total of 18 cities. In the Shu Han Dynasty, Chengdu was the capital of the country. Essence In the second year of Jin Yonghe (AD 346), Wen Wen entered the Shu to conquer the Han regime. During the Emperor Sui Wen, the King of Shu Yang "attached the old city of Zhang Yi, the two southwest of the southwest, and the ten miles in the southwest."

In the Qin and Han dynasties, Chengdu Loring (Li Sichun was drawn in 1936)

two

Luocheng

In the three years of Taihe in the late Tang Dynasty (829) to the second year of Qianfu (875), the Nanzhao army entered Shu invasion many times. Due to the limited ground in the city wall, the crowd is turbulent. In the three years of Qianfu (876), Xichuan Jiedushi made Gao Yan as a long -term plan, and in June, the Table Sect: "The ministers want to prevent the prevalence of the civil defense. It was completed in November of the year. Luo City is included outside the old city of Chengdu. Tsukuo City spent 105 days, with 9.6 million people, and nearly 100,000 daily service. At the same time as building the city, it also built the jujube weir (now the Jiuli embankment), opened the Yuanjiang River (now the river), and directed the Guyu River water to enter the Qingyuan River around the east of the Chengdu City to flow through. In the trend of the two rivers, the original Luanjiang River flowed through the southwest of the city and expanded into the city.

Tang Ji expanded Luocheng Map

After the fifth generation, Shu Meng Zhixiang built Yangma City on the periphery of the northeast of Luocheng. The city was 42 miles. Yangma City was built in the soil version, and it was completed in 3 months. It was purely urgent. Later, Shu Mengyu once "planted hibiscus throughout the Chengdu wall, every late autumn, forty miles, and shot high, because of the name Jincheng", Chengdu aliases Furong City was named.

Before and after Shusong City and Yangma City Map

In the Song Dynasty, in the five years of Huangyou (1053), the first year of Jianyan (1127), during the Shaoxing period (1131-1162), during the reign of the road (1165-1173), a total of 5 degrees of cultivation in Chengdu City, of which Shaoxing Second In the eighteenth year (1158), the largest scale: the system was presided over Wang Gangzhong, and all military workers used in May. After the completion, the city wall "is solemn, the ditch is deep, the meteorological ring is combined, and it is a male Olympic." Then, the maintenance and protection system of "The Month of the Month of the Moon, the first season of the first season, there is no cricket, sitting (sin)". At the end of the Song Dynasty, the Mongolian Army three attacks in Chengdu, Duan Ping Bingshen (1236) destroyed the capital city. There is a Yuan Dynasty, and Chengdu City Performing is incomplete and has not been sees the preparation.

Three

Ming and Qing dynasties

In the fourth year of the Ming Hongwu (1371) Shu Ping, Cao Guogong Li Wenzhong started to build Chengdu City. Later, they all commanded Zhao Qing and others to "add the old city of the Song and Yuan dynasties and added it. The bricks and stones were built. To the south, the waters of the Waijiang (now the river) are north and east to the south of the Jinjin Bridge. The five doors are opened, each with each building, and there are five buildings. Gate ... Twenty -fifteen of the enemy building in the city ... ". After that, there were three large -scale cultivation. In the three years of Shunzhi of the Qing Dynasty (1646), Zhang Xianzhong defeated, abandoned Chengdu, destroyed the city and fled.

Dacheng and Shu King City Map of the Ming Dynasty

In the Qing Dynasty, Chengdu was set up in Sichuan Provincial Governance and Chengdu Governance. In the early years of Kangxi, the governor of Sichuan, Zhang Deyi, etc., and Chengdu Zhifu, Chengdu and Huayang counties, and jointly donated money to build a capital city. In the fifth year of Yongzheng (1727), governor of Xiande "increased repair, Yihu". In the forty -eight years of Qianlong (1783), it was completely rebuilt. The city brick standards are uniform, and the division of labor in each state and counties is fired. The names of state and county officials and supervisors are engraved on the bricks to show responsibility. The four -door eight -horned tower, 4 cannon buildings. Then the city and outside the city, planting hibiscus peach willow, increasing the city. In the first year of Tongzhi (1862) for maintenance, the four corners of Zicheng increased the turret.

Three years of Xuantong (1911) Chengdu Street Map

In the forty -eight years of Qianlong, after the renovation of "Ji Quanchuan's Power", Chengdu City "has magnificent buildings, the city is complete, and the crowns in the southwest." The four cities gates are open and closed in the morning and evening, and the police officer closed the city gate in an emergency.

Unrestrained

Disappear

After the establishment of the Republic of China, the cold weapon was replaced by artillery, the defense function of the city wall gradually disappeared, and maintenance stopped. In order to facilitate transportation, 2 years of the Republic of China (1913) increased the opening of Huimen (commonly known as Xinxi Gate). Added New South Gate again. In the meantime, some forces built houses in the city and took the lead in digging the city bricks. Following the citizens, the citizens also dug at will, causing the city walls to become a lot of holes and severe collapse. Old Chengdu has several places named "Broken City", all named after the collapse of the city walls. The Anti -Japanese War was prosperous, and the Japanese invaders attacked Chengdu frequently. At first due to the obstacles of the city walls, the casualties were aggravated by the evacuation of the citizens. In order to facilitate the evacuation of the population in a timely manner, the municipal government and the air defense command specially demolished the gate and opened the gap. Later, due to the large number of people in the occupied area, the population in the urban area increased greatly (increased to more than 700,000 in 1945), and house shortage was extremely serious. Many people who live without houses have spontaneously living on the city wall or on both sides. In 1944, the Sichuan Lianqin Headquarters Business Management Office even leased the annual profit of East Asia compared with the background walls. During the Republic of China Tonghui Gate Cave (Liu Yonglu Confer)

In the early 1950s, the main body of Chengdu City Wall was still there, and the reserved sections were still large. In early 1958, the Chengdu Municipal People's Government investigated that the city wall (residual section and base address) was 12.33 kilometers long, with 22 gaps, and it covers an area of ​​425 acres. The complete section is 7.5 meters high, the top is 14.5 meters wide, and the bottom is 18.5 meters wide. There are 50,000 stones (about 14,400 cubic meters) in the city wall, about 6.02 million horses of city bricks, and about 1.32 million cubic meters. The shantytowns on the city walls and attached walls covers an area of ​​about 40,000 square meters.

In March 1958, the fourth session of Chengdu People's Congress decided that in order to accelerate the pace of municipal construction and the transformation of the old city, the old city walls must be demolished as soon as possible. In June 1958, the Chengdu Municipal Party Committee instructed the establishment of Chengdu City Demolition of the Old City Walls, leading the demolition of the city walls, and set up five headquarters of provincial and municipal agencies, large technical schools, Dongcheng District, Xicheng District, and suburbs. Each task is demolished in sections.

North Comparison Ancient City Wall (Picture Source: Fang Zhi Jinniu)

After January 1959, the assault removal was stopped, and it was demolished to the construction of construction, but it did not stop the soil burning bricks. By 1964, most of them were demolished. Except for the existing north, the remaining parts were dismantled when the civil air defense project was built in the 1970s. At this point, Chengdu City Wall has basically disappeared.

Source: Sichuan Provincial Local House Work Office

Supply: Office of the Chengdu Local Chronicle Compilation Committee

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