How many spring memories are hidden in the Song Dynasty garden in "Menghua Record"?

Throughout the history of Chinese gardens, it has developed to the Song Dynasty and has entered a mature stage. The content form of the courtyard has also stabilized. This has also been fully reflected in the recently broadcast costume drama "Menghua Record". Recently, Jia Yan, a professor at the School of Architecture of Tsinghua University, analyzed the beauty of the art of the Song Dynasty.

In the Ming Dynasty Tang Xianzu's "Peony Pavilion", there is a line of lines in the "Peony Pavilion": "Without the garden, how do you know the spring is like it?" Essence

During the Northern Song Dynasty, the center of the Chinese gardening art was not the Jiangnan region, but the Tokyo Kaifeng and West Jing Luoyang, which are located in the Central Plains.

"Tokyo Menghua Record" says that "the capital is near the left, and it is a garden." There is no leisure and silent location within a hundred miles. When spring arrives, "Wanhua competes for the pink wall, the thin willow oblique cage Qimo" , Residents in the city compete for tour, from the south of the city to the north, the Royal Royal Garden, the Private Garden, the Buddhist Temple Garden, the Taoist Garden, the Gardens of the Garden, and the Famous Scenic Area. return.

The number of royal gardens in the Song Dynasty was less than that of the Qin, Han, Sui and Tang dynasties, and the scale was relatively small, but the details of the scenery were significantly exceeded the previous generation. The most exquisite of which were Huizongzheng and the Gen Yue in the years. Genyue is located in the northeast of Kaifeng City, with artificially fake mountains on three sides. Two square pools in the central government have two tortuous river and small ponds. Dangerous, magnificent and beautiful. In addition, the Daini Houyuan, Yanfu Palace, Jinmingchi, Qionglin Garden, Yujin Garden, etc. also have their own good.

Song Huizong painted "Gen Yuexiang Dragon Stone Map" Jia Ye's picture

In early March of each year, Jinmingchi, Qionglin Garden and Yujin Garden are open to the general public. They are the only special examples in the history of the strict Chinese palace. The emperor and the ministers opened a feast on the water heart hall of Jinmingchi. There were dragon boat races and color boat performances on the water. The east bank could fish. It also set up temporary tanks on the open space of several gardens, full of acting, juggling, gambling, gambling, gambling, gambling, gambling, gambling, and gambling. Diet, antiques, department stores, lively.

The Northern Song Dynasty Zhang Xuanduan's "Golden Mingchi Bidding Map" Jia Yan confessed

Xijing Luoyang was originally the former capital of the dynasty. Li Gefei, the father of the female poet Li Qingzhao, wrote a "Luoyang Famous Garden", which describes Luoyang's most famous nineteen garden, including the home garden of the founding prime minister Zhao Pu, the house garden of the Prime Minister of Renzong, and the famous minister Sima Light's alone garden, Jiedusho's house garden, and famous gardens such as Huanxi and Lake Garden. These gardens generally have a large number of buildings. The rockery is dominated by Tushan, and it is often centered on pools. More flowers, as well as various flowers, pine cypress, bamboo forest and other plant landscapes. Although most of the gardens belong to the bureaucratic class, they show a strong literati temperament and can receive foreign tourists.

The most popular in the Luoyang Famous Garden is Sima Guang's independence garden. This garden is based on the theme of "independence". It has seven scenes such as reading halls, Water Xuan, Zhuzhuzhai, and Shantai, which corresponds to the seven ancient sages admired by the owner, reflecting the profound philosophy of philosophy The attitude of life with Tongda was model of the gardens of composition ministers in later generations. Another lake garden is centered on a large area of ​​lake ponds. It is a large island Baihuazhou in the water and a four -combined hall in Hubei to show that there are four advantages of "good Chen, beautiful scenery, pleasure, and music" at the same time.

The reading hall in the Ming Dynasty Qiu Ying's "Dungeon Park Map" confessed the picture

Luoyang's soil and soil conditions are very good, which is very suitable for cultivating flowers and trees. The flowers are blooming in the spring, and the peony is the most bright. The Luoyang people are extremely cherished by the Luoyang people, and even use the word "flowers" as the name of the peony. In March and April, regardless of men and women, old and young, the rich, the rich and the poor, the city likes to be on their heads, and then go to the gardens everywhere. Generally, entering a private garden, you need to give the gatekeeper a little "tea soup money" -s may be the earliest park ticket in China. The house garden of the senior official Wei Renpu secretly cultivated the famous peony "Wei Zi" on the island of the pond. The gardener of the alone garden was Lu Zhi, who got more than a dozen money and was unwilling to swallow it. He took the initiative to build a well pavilion in the garden.

The literati prefers various elegant sets in the garden. In the spring of wind and sun, the activities are particularly frequent, especially in Lichun, February 12th flower dynasty, the third day of March, and Qingming. China appreciates flowers, feasts, and poems, and interest. Many of the Song poems we are familiar with are made during the spring tour of the spring. Luoyang looked at the famous garden, and the flowers outside the wall watched the wall. " The most famous literati collection in the Song Dynasty was the Ying Yinghui organized by the Gong Guofang Gong Yan Bo to stay in Luoyang. It is a good story with the beautiful peony flowers of the beautiful peony.

After the change of Jingkang, the two Beijings, which were repeatedly fired by the fire, were broken, occupied by the golden people, and all famous gardens became ruins. The territory of the Song Dynasty retracted to the half of the south, Lin'an (Hangzhou), Pingjiang (Suzhou), Wu Xing (Huzhou), and Yangzhou rose as a new generation of garden cities. Essence

During the Southern Song Dynasty, the customs of the Spring Tour Garden continued. The Lin'an Palace hosted a flower viewing ceremony by the Inner Division in the back garden. The pavilion was decorated with a new decoration. Porcelain, toys, jewelry, dragon boat, diet, but no longer shared with the people. The senior officials showed their own private gardens, and they were keen to drink in the flowers. The common people mainly use West Lake, Tiger Hill and other famous scenic spots with garden attributes as a tourist area. They also did not disappoint the great spring light. Southern Song Dynasty Liu Songnian's "Four Scenery Landscape Maps" Jia Ye confessed

No matter how beautiful spring, it will die. After a few hundred years, the elegant rhyme of the garden in the Song Dynasty had already died with the wind, but with a small number of ruins, famous paintings, and "Tokyo Menghua Records" and "Ru Meng Order", it was left to the future generations. The huge imagination space, its love is extremely fascinating. (Author: Professor of Jia Ji Tsinghua University School of Architecture)

(Source: Xinhua News Agency client)

【Edit: Fu Sakura】

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