Witness | Li Jingkui: Treading the society for abortion issues

Picture source: The Handmaid's Tale

In "Abandoned Women or Life Rights", the young doctoral doctor Mariar thought about the case of a female patient: "The woman was abandoned after being seduced by a man, but the law was helpless. Sympathy or compassion, when an abortion was implemented for the deceived woman, he was almost punished by law, but he was risk for lawsuits or even in jail. "

Abortion seems to be the intersection of morality, spirit, ethics, politics and cultural conflicts. Just yesterday, the Supreme Court of the United States canceled the abortion rights stipulated in the Constitution, overturned the ruling of the "Roy Corporation" in 1973, and handed over the power to the states to respond to the power that greatly restricted or prohibited abortion.

This ruling challenged the reproductive autonomy of modern America and triggered a new round of American political storm. At this point, American women have "lost the right to abortion given by the Federal Constitution."

Supporting right supporters are protest/picture source: Associated Press

If you return to the United States during Trump's governance, maybe we will have a certain prediction to#overthrow the "Roy Verid Case" judgment#. In 2020, Trump nominated Barrett to replace the death Kingsberg to serve as the Supreme Court Justice. Barrett once wrote in a public document, "abortion is always immoral."

In order to resist Barrett's successor, the American Women's Organization has launched more than 400 women of women. At that time, economist Li Jingkui was visiting Harvard University, and he really felt the impact of the American epidemic and hustle and bustle of the election. With the logic of economics and the understanding of American history, culture, and politics, it analyzes various social phenomena in the United States.

In the United States, why do abortion issues tear society?

Li Jingkui, written on October 24, 2020

Excerpt from "Watch the United States in Harvard"

Emi Cini Barrett is nominated by Justice/Picture Source: CNN

On the morning of October 22, 2020, Eastern Time, the Judiciary Committee of the United States Senate approved President Trump's nomination of the Federal Supreme Court Justice Amy Cini Barrett.

Trump nominated Barrett as the Federal Supreme Court Justice, and was not controversial. Barrett was nominated as a candidate for the Great Judge after the death of Rice Kingsberg, one of the nine judges of the Federal Supreme Court, and Kingsberg was a well -known liberal school. Fighting unremitting struggle.

Barrett, a successor who was almost sure to be nominated, is a typical conservative. She is a strong anti -abortionist, devout Catholics, and advocating conservative family concepts. Barrett's clear anti -abortion proposition made her controversial. Her own life also reflects her belief to some extent.

She raised 7 children, two of them were orphans adopted from Haiti. Her smallest son is suffering from Tang's syndrome, and it is said that every day, people need to be carried up and down the stairs. The screening of Tang's syndrome is a inspection that must be done before giving birth, but Barretan still insists on giving birth to the child, which shows that she has an attitude towards abortion.

"Roy's Cost of Wade":

Women's choice of freedom is preferred? Or is the fetus priority?

Picture source: The Handmaid's Tale

The so -called anti -abortion movement is to prohibit any form of abortion behavior through legal ban and other means.

In the United States, people are divided into two factions in the attitude towards abortion. A group supports abortion and advocates that women have the right to decide whether to terminate pregnancy. Legal abortion can reduce illegal abortion and reduce the mortality of pregnant women. Devit for the right to live, and it is necessary to ensure the life of mothers and fetuses.

In the 1960s and 1970s, sex liberation and feminism rose, and most Western countries successively legalized abortion. In the United States, the well -known Roy Verior case that occurred in 1973 established a legal precedent for abortion.

In 1969, a female waiter in Texas, Jenny Roy (pseudonym), was pregnant and wanted to seek abortion due to accidental pregnancy. In Texas, only due to rape, he could be legally abortion, so Roy lied to his friend's suggestion that he was raped. However, because no report issued by the police proved that it was sexually assaulted, this method was not successful. So Roy went to an underground abortion clinic, but she found that the clinic had been seized by the police.

In helplessness, in 1970, Roy sued Henry Wade, the judicial chief of Dallas County, Texas, accusing him of the law where the abortion was prohibited from abortion and believed that the law violated her "privacy." After nearly three years of appeal, on January 22, 1973, the Federal Supreme Court finally determined that the Crusher Criminal Law of Criminal Law restricted women's abortion rights with a 7: 2 result. Terms.

The Federal Supreme Court's judgment in the Roy sued Wade's case confirmed that the right to decide whether women decided to continue pregnancy were protected by the constitution on personal autonomy and privacy.

The legalization of abortion has once led to a surge in the number of abortion in American women. According to relevant statistics, since 1973, about 1.5 million abortion in the United States each year, accounting for 1/5 of the total number of pregnant women each year. Among the annual pregnant women, about 1 million people are 15 to 19 years old, and 30,000 are under 15 years of age. More than half of them end pregnancy. After Roy sued the Wade case, the US abortion disputes did not stop. Anti -abortion began to organize and expressed dissatisfaction with abortion laws. Most of these opponents were conservatives or Catholics, and Judge Barrett was both conservative and Catholics.

There were even some anti -abortion aggressives who performed like terrorists. There was a extremist named Paul Hill, who was punished for killing abortion doctors. It is said that he still had no regrets before he died, and thought he would get a generous reward in heaven. The background of the Roy's case of Wade's case is very complicated, and it is just in the era when the American feminist movement is in full swing. The focus of abortion controversy is whether the choice of freedom of the choice of freedom or the right to live in the fetus is preferred.

Most of the supporting abortion are liberals. They are all influenced by the late 1960s, like the late King Kingsberg, and believe that women have the right to reproduce and the right to choose. Those who oppose abortion believe that babies also have the right to survive, especially in the late stage of women's conception, the fetus has formed, and abortion at this time is tantamount to killing.

Shake and responsibility:

Listen to women's voices, not white men on trial seats

Picture source: The Handmaid's Tale

Due to the long -term controversy caused by abortion, the influence of the Roy's sue Wade's case was equivalent to triggered a second civil war in the United States. Barrett's opposition and protest of liberal people who advocated abortion in nominations were reflected in this influence.

Since Trump came to power, anti -abortionism has begun to occupy the upper hand. In recent years, parliamentary councils in the United States have successively launched bills restricting women's abortion. Among them, the bill passed in 2019 by the Aslabama State Council prohibits most of the abortion. Pregnancy caused by rape or incest is no exception. At the same time with Alabama, the Missouri State Council also issued an anti -abortion bill, saying that as long as there is a fetal heartbeat, it cannot be abandoned.

The right to life of the fetus and women's autonomous decision on their bodies, the conflict between the two constitutes the fundamental differences of American society that focuses on rights. But some people think that there is no conflict between the two.

American philosopher Judis Thomson's famous article "defended by abortion" proposed an example of the famous "bundled violinist", indicating that there was no conflict between the two:

Tomson asked us to imagine such an example: when you wake up, you find that you are tied with a famous violinist, and both of you are inserted with a tube. The doctor tells you that only your blood type is the same as the violinist. If you do not connect you through the tube, the violinist will die.

But don't worry, 9 months later, the violinist will heal, and you can leave at that time. And if you pull the tube now, the violinist will die. At this time, should you allow you to unplug your tube?

The example of Thomson is a metaphor for women's pregnancy. In this example, the violinist has the right to life. We do not deny it, but we cannot have the right to provide him for his body because he has the right to life. You choose to continue to provide your body to help the violin cure, not because of the right to life of the violinist, but because of your generosity. The most important thing is that you agree with this.

Women's pregnancy is generously chose to meet the needs of the fetus with her body, and it cannot be explained that she can ask her to do so in order to ensure that the right to life of the fetus can be asked. And women who choose to end pregnancy are like you who pull away the tube. There is no moral requirement. Women have no such obligation.

If there is no conflict between the fetus of the fetus with the autonomy of women, should we listen to women's own voice more? After all, they are more affected by pregnancy and subsequent support responsibilities, rather than white men who determine that women cannot choose abortion in many state councils.

Abortion issues tear society:

The crime rate declines sharply, lies in the legalization of the former abortion

Regarding the inquiry of the influence brought about by the Roy in 1973, the most worthy of the study of Steven Levitt, a professor of the University of Chicago's Economic Department of Chicago, on the legalization rate of the crime rate.

In 1989, the crime rate in the United States reached the highest peak of history. In the 15 years before, the violent crime rate rose by 80 %. By the early 1990s, the crime rate suddenly began to decline, down to the level 40 years ago, fell 40%, completely out of the expectations of all criminal scholars.

So, what causes a significant decline in crime rate?

The criminal community has given various explanations, such as the improvement of public security measures. The government has invested more police forces in stopping violent crimes, more criminals have been held in prison, and so on. However, unfortunately, these explanations have not received effective support in data.

When the academic community was puzzled by this important phenomenon, Professor Levit proposed a new explanation. He believed that the reason why the crime rate in the United States declined sharply in the 1990s was the legalization of abortion in 1973. These two things seem to be unreasonable, but in fact, there is an internal connection. Generally speaking, most of the choice of abortion are single mothers, and their lives and economic conditions are relatively poor. If abortion is not allowed, these children will inevitably not get good support and education, and they will become potential crimes for future crimes. Professor Levit used rigorous measurement economics analysis methods to obtain the impact of the Roy in 1973 in the influence of the Wade case in suppressing crimes.

As a Chinese, I was very confused when I saw that anti -abortion became a major issue in American political life. American society is very important for rights, and political life is full of conflicts and differences.

Abortion issues are poles of American political life. It reflects the different opinions of all levels of American society on rights. But the fundamental, whether it is an agreed or an opponent, there is no objection to the rights itself. What they argue are the first and then the question.

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Recommended reading "Watch the United States in Harvard"

Foreword is in Harvard to see the United States

I Harvard Scholars and Academic Thought

Board of President Harvard

Professor Michael Sander's public class

Fu Gaoyi: The epitome of Harvard Intellectuals

Alcin's economics

Causal Inference Revolution: Find "another crime scene"

Harvard Journey, two generations of scholars

II American Social Face Outlook

Surrying the "despair disease" in the United States

American drug flood and Mexican anti -drugs

Are those Americans who eat a subsistence allowance have been eliminated by the market economy?

When the American dream met the school district house

Chinese figures in the context of US presidential election

In the United States, why do abortion issues tear society?

Latinity in the United States in the United States is destroying the national characteristics of the United States?

Ding Zhen in the United States

American anti -intellectual tradition and intellectuals in the United States

Method

III Donald Trump and US Presidential Election

Takeaway riders and Trump repair walls

Unreliable poll

Who is borne by the tax burden in the United States?

The chaotic first US presidential campaign debate

Does Trump and Republican Party really be good at managing the economy?

Trump, who has already gone

Behind Trump's grievances with the American media

Crazy Trump's rational abacus

IV George Freud's Death and Race Missing

The terrible racial discrimination

The economic root of American racial discrimination

Is there any racial discrimination in the US police law enforcement

Is it easier for African Americans to be sentenced to death?

V ideology dispute with American political economy

The death of the judges who change the fate of the United States

Behind the grievances of the grievances, the dispute between the Republican and the Democratic Commissioner

Does the immigrant really snatched the work of Americans?

President Jefferson

Anti -monopoly, the next one is Google!

Economic innovation and social tolerance

Kanes's wisdom

Vi bid farewell to the United States

Albin's seed: Farewell to Massachusetts

Say goodbye to the United States in New York

The end of the end is on the end of the end of the return to isolation

In 2020, it is destined to load the contemporary world history that continues to extend forward. The new crown epidemic spreads on a large range, the Sino -US trade conflict is frequent, and the presidential election of the United States. In the context of these three major events, Professor Li Jingkui entered Harvard University to visit. year.

In this sacred academic and theoretical thinking highland, Li Jingkui used economic thinking as a weapon, calmly observed and thought about American society, and brought us the American impression in the new era and new perspective.

Based on his own experience and careful observation, he wrote the impact of the new crown epidemic on the United States, as well as various social crisis and social problems exposed in American society in the context of the epidemic and election. In the big change of the world economy and history, such reflection will help us recognize what the system that can promote the social economic growth and enhance human well -being of human beings today, which reflects the wisdom, responsibilities and humanities of an elite intellectual feelings.

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