[History and Culture] When is the establishment of the Wenfeng Academy of Erchuan?‖ ‖ 正 潼

When did the Tongchuan Wenfeng Academy created?

Tongzhengqiao

1. Tongchuan (Sanwa) Local Zhi, there are three different claims to the establishment of the Wenfeng College of Tongchuanfufu

(1) The first statement: Founded in the 19th year of Qianlong of the Qing Dynasty (1754) (hereinafter referred to as "Qianlong Nineteen Years").

In the 51st year of the Qianlong of the Qing Dynasty (1786), the "Tongchuan Prefecture · Academy" contains: "In the 19th year of Qianlong, Gui Yunxuan Yuanlong Shouyi, Ducheng Dongyu Caotang Temple, created the academy. ' Wen Feng '". (The author's Note: Gui'an, Fei Yuanlong's native place, in Zhejiang. Yunxuan, Fei Yuanlong Zi Yunxuan. Shou, the Chief Executive of the Qin and Han Dynasty, referred to as Fei River. The earliest records of the creation of Feng Academy.

Later, the 19th year of the Qing Jiaqing (1814) "Three County Chronicle · Caotang Academy" also narrated: "Three stations are the first Yiyi of Erchuan, in the early years of Qianlong ... Nineteen years of Jiayu, Taishou returned to An Fei Yunxuan Yuanlong began to build Wenfeng College in the left of the Caotang Temple in Dongmen. " (The author's Note: Taishou, Qin Han's honor to the county guard, to respect Feiyuanlong, Zhichuan Zhifu)

(2) The second statement: Founded in the 20th year of the Qianlong of the Qing Dynasty (1755) (hereinafter referred to as "the 20th year of the Qianlong").

The Qianlong Qianlong "Chuanfu", Jiaqing's "Three County Chronicle" and Guangxu's "New Confucian Chuanfu Zhi", all income from the records of Wu province's "Sichuan Cottage Academy": "... and the Chuandong Caotang Temple Biography is less House of Tomb. Qianlong Yihai, Gui Yunxuan Yuanlong Shou is the county, cutting it half as the Wenfeng Academy. " That is 1755)

Contemporary "Centennial School History of the Three Central Schools in Sichuan Province" (p. 136) included Zhong Lizhen's "Cottage's Host": "In the 20th year of Qianlong (1755), Fer Yuanlong was cut in the left half of the Guanyin Zen Temple (formerly known as Caotang Temple) The ministry created Wenfeng Academy. "Zhong Lizhen said, that is, according to the" Stele of the Sichuan Cottage College "in Wu Province.

(3) The third statement: Founded in the fifteenth year of Qianlong of the Qing Dynasty (1750) (hereinafter referred to as the "Fifteen Years of Qianlong").

In the 19th year of Qing Jiaqing (1814), "Three County Chronicle Meng Shao

This is the first new statement proposed by Meng Shao in "Rebuilding the Caotang Academy Monument", but it does not provide any basis. Since then, Jiaqing's "Sichuan Tongzhi" inherited this.

After that, this theory spreads in Guangxu Mansion and the counties of the Republic of China, so that it has passed on to this day:

1. Twenty -three years of Guangxu of the Qing Dynasty (1897) "New Cultivation of the Sichuan Mansion": "In the fifteenth year of Qianlong, founded by Fifura Fisen, the name of Wenfeng Academy. 4. School Zhi 2 · Academy)

2. In the 20th year of the Republic of China (1931), Volume 17 of "The Academy": "Caotang Academy, in the left of the Toyo Temple in the county seat. In the fifteenth year of Qianlong, Fisenlong was founded by the government, and the famous Wenfeng Academy ... ... Forty -one years of Zhifu Shen Qing renovated, Yi Jin name. "

3. The contemporary "Three County Chronicle" also inherited this: "In the fifteenth year of the Qianlong of the Qing Dynasty (1750), Feiyuanlong, Tongchuan Zhifu, at the left side of the cottage of the city (now the three middle schools) of the city, created the Wenfeng Academy." ( Volume 20 "Education" Chapter 1 "Academy Private School" Section 1 "Academy"; Editorial Editorial Committee of the Three County Chronicle, Sichuan People's Publishing House, 1992, pp. 642)

4. Contemporary "Centennial School History of the Three Central Schools in Sichuan Province" and the monument in the school: "In 1750 (15 years of Qianlong in the Qing Dynasty), half of the east side of the Fer Yuanlong of Tongchuan Zhifu, the East of the Caotang Temple, and created the Wenfeng Academy (now "East in the three middle schools)." (The second editor of "School History" 2.1 "Three Chinese School History History Map" and 2.2 "Three Chinese School History History", published in 2006, p. 5 and 6)

Today, the monument "Caotang Academy" on the campus of three middle schools, and the inscription "Written by Meng Shao, Qing Dali Temple Qing". In fact, this inscription is the full text of Meng Shao's "Rebuilding the Caotang Academy Monument".

2. The theory of "Fifteen Years of Qianlong" does not match historical facts

"Fifteen Years of Qianlong" said that although it is the popular statement of Jiaqing's "Three County Chronicle" and Guangxu's "New Confucian Chuanfu Chronicle" and several future generations, it is not consistent with historical facts. The reason is as:

All three versions of the Qing Dynasty (Sanwaka) local chronicle (Qianlong "Chuanfu House", Jiaqing "Three County Chronicle", Guangxu's "New Confucian Chuanfu Chronicle"), and the "Three County Records" and 1992 of the Republic of China and 1992 The newly compiled "Three County Records" all recorded that the Wenfeng Academy was created by Feiyuanlong, the prefecture of Tongchuan. This is the common statement of Qianlong and its various records that have descended, and there is no objection.

However, in the fifteenth year of Qianlong, Fei Yuanlong was still Ren Zhizhou in Mianzhou, and he was not on the prefecture of Tongchuan Prefecture. The following is as follows:

According to Fei Yuanlong's original "Gui'an County Chronicle" Volume 38 "Good Officials" records that his official time order is: "In the first year of Qianlong, Salon Pavilion Zhixian, Tuin, Chengdu, capital, and Mianli Prefecture Zhizhou, awarded the prefecture of Tongchuan ... "(author Note: Fan, Fan County, Xinfan County. Mianzhou, then Zhili Prefecture)

"When does Mianyang Evening News · Miyang No. 1 Middle School originated in", in the sixteenth year of Qianlong (1751), Fei Yuanlong was appointed in Zhizhou, Mianzhou: "In the sixteenth year of Qianlong (1751), Mianzhou Feiyuanlong (Zhejiang Gui Gui Gui Gui (Zhejiang Gui Gui Gui Gui (Zhejiang Gui Gui Gui Gui (Zhejiang Gui Gui Gui) Anxian Scholes) Good Wen Xingxue, Chuangxiu in Baiyi Tongxiu Minjiang Academy (later moved to Zuo Mian Academy). " The Academy records that Feiyuanlong created the "Minjiang Academy" in the "South of the City" in Mianzhou.

Fei Yuanlong arrived at the Sichuan -Chuan Zhifu in the spring of the 19th year of Qianlong.

Qianlong's "Sichuan House" and Jiaqing's "Three County Records" all contained Liu Yi's "Wenfeng Academy": "Fei Shou was awarded the order of southern Sichuan in the southern Sichuan. … "(Author Note: Famous Jinshi, Fei Yuanlong in the first year of Qianlong, in 1736, Bingchen Ke Hall's Test Gold List is the second one of the scholars.

Guangxu's "New Cultivation of the Sichuan House" Volume 19 "Officials' Chronicles" About the List of Knowledge of the House (See the above screenshot) shows: "Fei Yuanlong, Jinshi, Gui'an County, Zhejiang, (Qianlong) Nineteenth Nineteenth Years" ; It can be seen that the time of Fei Yuanlong's appointment in the prefecture of Tongchuan is the 19th year of Qianlong to the 22nd years of Qianlong. In the fifteenth year of Qianlong, Xie Youfu was Xie You.

We can't help but ask: In the fifteenth year of Qianlong, Fei Yuanlong was still on Mianzhou, and there were other people (Xie You) in Zhichuan Zhifu (Xie You); how could he go to the Ekawa House to Yueye, and create Wenfeng for Xie You to create Wenfeng. What about the academy?

3. The accurate time of the Wenfeng Academy of Tongchuan Prefecture

The creation time of the Wenfeng Academy of Tongchuanfu is actually the 19th year of Qianlong (1754), and the basis is as follows:

In the 51st year of Qianlong's "Tongchuan Prefecture's Chronicles · Academy" records, the creation time of Wenfeng Academy was the 19th year of Qianlong. (See the first paragraph in the citation, here is slightly)

Founded in the 19th year of Qianlong, the 51st year of Qianlong after 32 years. The memories of the Qianlong contemporary people's time for the creation of Wenfeng Academy should be the most credible, and the government's determination was not created in the fifteenth year of Qianlong.

Qianlong's "The Chronicles of the Sichuan House" also carried Liu Yi's "Wenfeng Academy": "Yu was ordered to patrol north of Chuan, Xingxian to Pekawa County ... There are Wenfeng Academy in the east of the city ... ... In the spring of the 19th year of Qianlong, I came from Mianzhou to stay in this state ... ... There is no college in Tongchuan Su Su ... ... The beginning of Fei Shou's get off the car, and said: Academy, think of storage of talents ... ... So the gentleman negotiated to build the academy ... ... Fanqi reads the moon and it is completed. ... The academy and Wen Fengshan are opposite, because the name is Wenfeng Academy. " Zhiyuanlong, Zhiyuan. This state refers to the Sichuan government. Ji Guyou, inspect and summarize ancient experience, and attach importance to promoting cultural and education. For all seven readings, the author is suspected to be "Reading July". . After seven months)

The editor of Qianlong's "The Church of the Ekang" determined in the "Academy" to undoubtedly affirm "in the 19th year of the Qianlong" Tongchuan Zhifu Feiyuanlong founded the Wenfeng Academy, and also compiled Qianlong's contemporary Liu Yi "Wenfeng Academy The income of the government not only reflects the recognition of the "Qianlong Nineteenth year" of the "Wenfeng Academy" of Liu Yi, but also reflects the official pioneering at the time.

At the same time, Liu Yi was "the first month of the 21st year of the Qianlong, and the purpose was to be awarded the Northern Sichuan Road in Sichuan" (author Note: Northern Sichuan Road, the provincial dispatched authority; at that time, the Sichuan Road under the jurisdiction of Baoning House, Shunqing Prefecture, and Tongchuan Prefecture) Essence In this year, the spring of more than a year after the completion of Wenfeng Academy was completed, Liu Yi, as the Chiefs of Northern Sichuan, toured to the Chuanchuan Government. With Fer Yuanlong Zhifu, he inspected the Wenfeng Academy in detail, so he made " "Wenfeng Academy": "In the 21st year of Qianlong, Bing Zichun, Yu was ordered to patrol north of Chuan, Xingxian to Tongchuan County. Talent also. There is a 'Wenfeng Academy' in the east of the city. Victory ... "

After Liu Yi experienced and listened to Fei Zhifu to introduce the source of funding and the construction process, he brought strong emotional texts, such as several cherished description of the pattern of the academy, the number of stele pavilions, and the number of Fangyu. Such a vivid and vivid text cannot be written.

After that, Liu Yi has also been adopted in the Jiaqing version. Therefore, the author determines that Liu Yi records is very credible.

4. Analysis of different records of books

After Qianlong's "Chuanfu Zhi" in the Qing Dynasty, Jiaqing's "Three County Records", Guangxu's "New Confucian Sichuan Prefecture" and the "Three County Chronicle" of the Republic of China all have the "Qianlong Nineteen Years" and "Qianlong fifteen years. "Speaking of the contradiction records, there are two records of euphemism. The author thinks that there is no hidden feelings in it.

(1) Although Jiaqing's "Three County Chronicle" has the record of Meng Shao's "Rebuilding the Caotang Academy" in the "Fifteen Years of Qianlong" (as mentioned above), and also recorded in the 19th year of Qianlong.

Jiaqing's "Three County Chronicle · Caotang Academy": "Three stations are the first Yiyi of Tongchuan, which was located in the early years of Qianlong ... In the nineteenth year of Qianlong, the Taishou returned to the left of the Caotang Temple in the Dongmen. Wenfeng Academy ... "

Jiaqing's "Three County Records" also included Liu Yi "Wenfeng Academy" at the same time. This article records: The Wenfeng Academy of Tongchuan Prefecture was founded in the 19th year of Qianlong (see above).

(2) Guangxu's "New Construction of the Sichuan House" and the "Three County Chronicle" of the Republic of China inherited Meng Shao's "Fifteen Years of Qianlong", but left a delicate footnote: "Liu Yi in northern Sichuan Road."

Guangxu's "New Cultivation of the Sichuan House" Volume 14 "School Chronicle · Academy": "In the fifteenth year of Qianlong, founded by Fifura Fer Yuanlong, named" Wenfeng Academy ". "Taixian Zhi" Volume 17 "Academy" also left a footnote of "Liu Yi, northern Sichuan Road,": "Caotang Academy, on the left of Dongcaitang Temple in the county seat. In the fifteenth year of Qianlong, Fisen Longlong was founded and famous. Liu Yi, Northern Sichuan Road, has a record. In the forty -first year, the government ’s government Shen Qingren renovated, Yi today's name."

"Liu Yi You Ji" refers to Liu Yi's "Wenfeng Academy" during the Qianlong period (see above). This article was earlier Qianlong's "Tongchuan Prefecture".

Consult the subtle footnote of "Liu Yi You Ji", and there is something in the words: readers, please note that Liu Yi has remembered during the Qianlong period, and Wenfeng College was founded in the 19th year of Qianlong!

The editors of the two books were well known, but they were not able to speak out, so they had to be so different.

(3) Why did the "Three County Chronicle" say that the "Three County Records" of the 19th year of Jiaqing (1814)? Why is Guangxu's "New Cultivation of the Sichuan House" and the "Three County Chronicle" of the Republic of China euphemistically and different?

The "Fifteen Years of Qianlong" was first proposed by Meng Shao, a minister of the court in the early years of the Qianlong and the early years of Jiaqing.

According to the records of Zhongjiang County: Meng Shao (1734-1815), a native of Zhongjiang, Sichuan, a scholar in the 25th year of Qianlong. Ren Taichang Shi Qing, elected the Hanlin Academy, to change the head of the criminal department, promoted Wailang, and promoted the ceremony. In the forty -seventh year of Qianlong (1782), when the "Supreme Book of Siku Quanshu" was compiled, Emperor Qianlong designated Meng Shao to participate in the review. The official Hongya Temple Shaoqing, Hongye Temple Qing, Guanglu Temple Qing, Tai Chang Temple Qing, the Mansion Mansion, and the Zuo Du Emperor Shi. Official to Dali Temple Qing, Zheng Erpin. In the ninth year of Jiaqing (1804), he returned to Sichuan, and the main Chengdu Caotang Academy.

After inspecting Meng Shao's experience, although he was from Zhongjiang County, Tongchuan Prefecture, he did not study and be an official in Tongchuan. Knowing his understanding of the Takagawa Cottage Academy is his old age. According to Meng Shao's narrative in "Rebuilding the Caotang Academy Monument": In 1777, "Yu Qi Zu in the National Journal (Zhongjiang County)", the Chuan Zhifu Shen Qing served as the monarch to visit him in Zhongjiang County. Syria and Caotang Academy. But among the "poetry wines", there is no person who has created the academy, and the errors that listen to their rumors and memories are not ruled out.

Furthermore, Meng Shao's inscription was between 1810 and 1814 more than 30 years later, more than 30 years later, when he coached in Chengdu, he only remembered his memory. At this time More than 50 years. Meng Shao has not been in the three field inspections and has not seen him carefully to check the records of the Sichuan Fangzhi. Therefore, it is inevitable that it is also inevitable that the misunderstanding of the Caotang Academy of Tongchuanfu Prefecture is also inevitable. Unfortunately, shortly after this monument's income of Jiaqing's "Three County Chronicle", he died, and there was no chance of correction.

The ministers wrote a monument, and in the wrong writing, the monument was passed down, and it was extraordinary and deeply influenced. In the future, the compilations of Zhi Shu and the authoritative authorities, Meng Shao, and the monuments written by him, were in awe of the person who had a high weight and talented person.

Of course, the number of editors participating in the writing of Fang Zhi does not rule out the possibility of superstitious authority, blind worship of celebrities, negative to assessment, and blindly copying.

(4) During the Qianlong period, Liu Yi of the Northern Road of the Qianlong period recorded that the Wenfeng Academy was founded in the 19th year of Qianlong. After the income of this article, after Qianlong's "Chuanfu House", in addition to Jiaqing's "Three County Records", the Fang Zhi after Jiaqing will no longer be included. Why?

It is because of corruption. In the first half of his death (thirty -eight years of Qianlong, 1773), Liu Yi was copied and almost killed. Due to nonsense, Fang Zhi abandoned his article since then. Some editors had to leave the footnote of "Liu Yi in North Sichuan Road" euphemistically. This is also an important reason that caused later generations to misunderstand the "Fifteen Years of Qianlong".

The statement of Wenfeng Academy in the twenty years of Qianlong is a time that is completely built. It is not wrong.

"Twenty years of Qianlong" said that it appeared in the "Stele of the Tongchuan Cottage Academy" in Wu Province. Qianlong's "Chuanfu House", Jiaqing's "Three County Records", and Guangxu's "New Confucian Chuanfu Zhi" all collected this article.

According to Liu Yi's "Wenfeng Academy", Fei Yuanlong took office in the spring of the 19th year of Qianlong to take office, and the construction lasted for 7 months. If you add the time planning, fundraising, mobilization time and interior decoration equipment, grass and wood cultivation, extension of faculty, and preparation for school, it has been in the spring of Qianlong. If you focus on the completion time, then the "20 years of Qianlong" is not wrong.

However, the author believes that according to the many records of Fang Zhi, the "Qianlong Nineteenth Year" is still the most in line with historical facts and accurate.

Source: Sichuan Provincial Local House Work Office

Author: Zhengzhengqiao

Picture: Fang Zhi Sichuan

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