Jiangnan style 丨 Huang Meiyu ... The names of these weather can be turned out of flowers

Jiangnan style 丨 Huangmeiyu, wood rhino steaming, flower faithful wind, Mai Xiuhan -the names of these weather can be turned out of flowers

Original Author: Banyuan Jun

Notice! Intersection Intersection Never reprint without authorization! Intersection Intersection

On June 23, officials in the south of the Huaihe River in Jiangsu announced "entering plum." When the plum is yellow, the rain is strong, it is called "Huang Meiyu". Xiaoyu continues, sometimes heavy rain, wet answers, how to dry the clothes in the air, is the most difficult day for Jiangnan for a year. But the name "Huang Meiyu" with poetic feelings. From "Mei Bo Zhichun is close", to "Green Yin Man is full of green plums", and then to "Huangmei During the Rain of the Family", time is flowing on the branches, and the prologue of the hot summer is opened.

Sometimes the flowers bloom, and the matter is orderly. In addition to Huang Meiyu, Huaxinfeng, Mai Xiuhan, Wooden Rhino steaming, etc. Suzhou people described the calls of the weather, as if they could turn out the flowers. As soon as the name was heard, the scene of this season was carried with floral fragrance and fragrance.

Huang Meiyu said that the weather is hot and hot, he said that the rain is sweet

In the three years of Song Huizong's Grand View (1109), He Zhu left the officialdom of the north, with a semi -life -famous dust, and retired to Hengtang Gudu. The food of fish and rice hometown is enough to dispel sorrow, but the drizzle of Jiangnan smoke rain still wet the heart of the poet. Once the young chivalry, now he watched Gui Hong. He chanting an eternal sentence on the lake: " Sichuan tobacco, full of city wind, plums Huang Shiyu. "Since then, Huang Meiyu has become synonymous with sadness.

Ming Wen Boren "Hengtang Yu Xie Map Volume" (partial)

Metropolitan Museum Collection

Li Shizhen of the Ming Dynasty said, "Mei Rain or mildew, saying that its clothes and things are all black mold." This is a "threshold" that Jiangnan must pass before the midsummer. But in the "bad" weather, the Suzhou people kept their own mood. Gu Lu's "Qing Jia Lu" in the Qing Dynasty said: "When the people live in the rain, prepare the cylinder to store the rain in order to cook the tea. The name is Mei Shui. "The rainwater is clean than the river water, and it is lighter than the spring water, and the rain is like a cream, nourishing all things. It is the water of good fried tea. "

In "Dream of Red Mansions", "《《", Miao Yu cooks tea with rain and snow water. I always think that the wind and elegance can be extremely elegant. It can be in Suzhou in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. This is an ordinary thing. The people of the civilians will use bamboo tubes to take the eaves and set up large tanks to collect rainwater. According to the records of "Yangzhou Painting", "peach blossoms, Huangmei, Fu Shui, snow water."

Keyuan Rain

The rainy season is different, up to two months, and only a few days. In the eyes of the old people, Huang Meitian's rain had "several faces". The rain on May 13th of the lunar calendar is called "grinding knife rain". This "knife" is Guan Yu's Qinglong Yueyue knife. During the Ming and Qing dynasties, it was very common to pray that Guan Gongpu descending Ganlin and solving the drought.

Keyuan Huangmeiyu Photography: Luomu Chihiro

May 20 of the lunar calendar is "divided into dragons". This day, the rain was raining everywhere. After this day, the dragon was divided into different jurisdictions to go to the rain. It was often "the rain on the east to the west of the west", and there was a lecture on "Xia Rain is separated from the field". The people call the rain one day after the "Division of Dragons" as "Division of Dragon Rain". According to divination, it rains this day.

When the rainy season ended, the breeze was stunned. More than ten days, Su Shi had a poem "Thirteen has passed Huang Meiyu, and the wind of the wind was at the beginning". "CHào Wind" is too difficult to read, and the people often mistakenly call "grass -pulling wind", which refers to the strong monsoon when the end of Meiyu. Together, Taihu fishermen scrambled to hang sails, grab the wind, cloth net, and fish for white fish, so they are also called "broken sail".

Looking at the old -fashioned proverbs, the ancients rarely complained about Huang Meitian, and even the opposite, each rain and every gust of gusts had their own good meaning. The "grinding knife rain" is safe, "divide the dragon rain" main harvest, and the "carrier wind" makes people hang directly to the sea.

Wooden rhino steam · Use half autumn, change the cosmetic fragrance of the city

Shortly after He Zhu left, the fluttering Song Dynasty changed dramatically. In the second year of Longxing in the Southern Song Dynasty (1164), Suzhou once again "retained" a literary and military poet. The young Xin Qiji lives in Wujiang, which has both the pride of teenagers and the confusion of aspiring and difficult to pay. Twenty years later, he remembered this short -term stay. The most impressive was Guixiang.

At the opening ceremony of the childhood, the principal had a fixed opening remarks, "the autumn wind is cool, Dangui is fragrant." After I left Suzhou, I understood how much affection in this "rhetoric". Osmanthus loves warm and humid climate, suitable for planting in areas south of Qinling and Huaihe River. Therefore, the sweet fragrance of this golden autumn is a unique taste in the south.

Osmanthus of Guangfu Kiln Shangcun

"Wu Junzhi" in the Southern Song Dynasty said: "Gui, Ben Lingnan, Wu Di is not often available. There are cultivators from the Tang Dynasty." Osmanthus transplanted from Lingnan to Suzhou was later upper and became the city of Suzhou. Because the texture is like a rhino horn, the osmanthus has the name of "wood rhino", and sometimes it is also written as "wooden". In Suzhou Garden, there are "Wenmu Xiangxuan" in the garden, and there is a "gallery" in the coupling garden, but only a little osmanthus can bring the autumn garden.

But the autumn wind is not necessarily cool. When the osmanthus blossoming in August of the lunar calendar is the time when the "autumn tiger" is prestigious. Zhang Ailing has a short story "Steamed Osmanthus · A Xiao Bei Qiu". The protagonist A Xiao is a maid Suzhou in Shanghai. At the beginning, he wrote: "The song like a child during the day is hot, cooked, and wet. "Qing Jialu" wrote, "When the flowers are flowers, there must be a few days of heat like a summer heat, which is said to be steamed, and the flowers are steamed." Suzhou people are always optimistic, the name "wood rhino steam", A bit of bargaining with God, "It's autumn, it's still so hot", "The hot spots are good, osmanthus can be opened." So, the first half of the autumn gave up the cool weather, maintained the temperature of the summer, and achieved the osmanthus ceremony.

Humble Administrator Garden osmanthus

After the Dragon Boat Dragon Boat Run, the Sanfu Summer, the painting of the painting of the tiger hill ponds will take a little rest. Until the Mid -Autumn Festival, Guizi Feixiang and the flower market returned to the rivers and lakes. Yuan Xuelan in the Qing Dynasty described in "Wujun Hua Jili", "Lantern boats, scholarship, and entertaining tourism, and rest." The culture is prosperous.

Flower Xinfeng · Spring's most beautiful agreement

The "Four Years of Calendar (1044)" in the Northern Song Dynasty was a year when Fan Zhongyan was written into "Yueyang Tower". In this year, Fan Gongjie recommended a later student to the court to serve. When he sent off, he praised the word: "Nanshan Zhang Gongzi, the weather is clear and spring." The name of Zhang Gongzi called Zhang Boyu, and studied in Suzhou County, which was founded in Fan Zhongyan, and worked as a hand in Suzhou County. For many years, in the sinking of the sea, he often served as local officials in the south. In the spring of 1064, Zhang Boyu in Zhizhou, then Yuezhou (now Shaoxing), climbed to the small building alone and looked at Hao Miao Lake. The gentle breeze blew people lazily. He a few drinks, and wrote a poem in a letter: "One thousand miles of color river south bank, twenty -four flowers believe in the wind."

Spring equinox, a Begonia; staying in the garden

The wind is a messenger of trustworthy, gently ranging the flower branches. The wind that comes from the flowering period is called "flowering wind". This statement first came from Xu Yan's "The Year of the age" in the Southern Tang Dynasty: "When the flowers bloom in March, the famous flowers believe in the wind." From the perspective of Zhang Boyu's verse, the number in the "twenty -four flowers believes the wind" was originally just A blurred finger, but in the Northern Song Dynasty for more than a century, it expanded into a "twenty -four" that lasted more than March. "Wait" is the minimum measurement unit in the ancient climate, and the five days are one. In the "East Miscellaneous Records", the Song people Sun Zongjian said, "From the beginning of the spring to the early summer of the river, there is a look at the fifth day, which is called the flowers of the flowers.

Dramor is waiting for orchids; Canglang Pavilion orchids

In the early Ming Dynasty Wang Yan's "The Sea Collection", the "Flower Shinfeng" has a more complete and specific expression. In winter, there will be a kind of flower open every five days. , Three Waiting Aquasibles "to" Gu Yu Yi's Peony, Er Wai, Three Waiting Flowers ", twenty -four representative flowers bodied the buds for the second time, and lived a spring.

There are many problems in this statement, such as setting "plum blossom wind" to Xiaohan, which is a lot earlier than the actual flowering period, but people do not care about whether these twenty -four are accurate, but they are obsessed with spring flowers and constantly bring brings to bring The joy. At the beginning of the year, it was "plum blossom wind rising and the New Year"; before the Qingming, "Xun Qing has reported the breeze of Xinghua"; the spring is full of "Begonia Wind Wind and the Dust Dust"; Flower wind.

One of the albums of "Painting Twenty -Four Flower Shin -Flowers" in the Qing Dong Dong, waiting for peach blossoms, shocking Tangtang, Taipei Palace Museum Collection

The four seasons are famous for Huahong's tiger hills, and once hanged a couplet in front of the Hua Shen Temple: "One hundred and eight bells call the dream of Wanjiachun, the twenty -four fascinating favors blow incense Qili Shantang", the bell of Hanshan Temple The floral fragrance of Yanshan Street makes Jiangnan's voice and taste. In the early Qing Dynasty, Li Yu said in the novel "The Twelfth Floor" that he sold the flower market under the hills of Huqiu Mountain and saw "Five Picks of Lu Li, Zhongxiang Fenfang, and I couldn't stay low." Unfortunately, it is difficult to buy it. "The calendar calculated with flowers to calculate the seasonal calendar, one page turning quickly, which is not only a reminder to cherish time, but also the hopes of the future. The flowers are new, the wind is new, and the days are new.

Mai Xiuhan · Difficult to do it in April

The retirement life of Fan Chengda, a poet in the Southern Song Dynasty, spent in his hometown Suzhou. The gentle town of Jiangnan can soothe people's hearts best. When he exited the Jin Kingdom, the diplomat who was under great pressure was as strong as a mountain and a tongue like a knife; after returning to the stone lake, he just looked at the mountains and water quietly, planting flowers and planting vegetables.

After the "Longxing peacekeeping", the Southern Song Dynasty asked for a moment of rest, and the rural areas of Jiangnan also glowed with new vitality. The grass and trees in the fields became the protagonist of Fan Cheng's poems in his old age. In the 60 "Four Available Pastoral Miscellaneous", from the "Takada Ermai Mountain Green" in Haruki to the "Maihua Snow, Cabbage Flower" in early summer, the wheat can always attract his attention.

Suzhou has the reputation of "hometown of fish and rice". The history of planting rice has a long history, while wheat is a foreign species. It began to enter the Central Plains along the Hexi Corridor, and was passed on to Jiangnan during the migration of the population. As the Song Dynasty moved south, the dietary habits in the north and south began to blend. In addition to the cake balls, Suzhou people also fell in love with pasta. Maizi has since been widely planted in Suzhou, and the system of rice and wheat reproduction has also been generally promoted. The poet Yang Wanli of the Southern Song Dynasty passed the flatness and saw the scenery of the "wheat field species". "Mai Mountain" in "Dongzhuang Tu" in Mingzhou Zhou "Mai Mountain" Nanjing Museum Tibetan

In the lunar calendar in April and May, wheat blooming and flowering are the critical period to determine its output. At this time, the weather was overwhelming, warm and cold. Yuan Xuelan said in "Wujunshi Huali Li", "Wheat weather is moist, waiting for snow frost, sudden rain and cold, heavy cotton clothing", suddenly cooling down was being cool down, and suddenly the cooling was being cooling. Called "Mai Xiuhan".

Fan Cheng has a poem: "In May, Wu Mai is cold, and the seedlings are still uniform." Gu Yu Xiaoman season, the valley urged, and Tianshi would be happy. It was the beginning of the work. "Spring fighting day, during the summer competition", the number of people's measurement of time has become more fine. The trouble is that people who plant rice planting rice, raising silkworms have different expectations for the weather. Silkworms need warmth, wheat needs low temperature, rice should be exposed, and the mulberry tree should be sunny and dry. Everyone is satisfied. In this way, an interesting proverbborn proverb was born: "It is difficult to do it in April."

The kind Suzhou people did not blame the heavens, but had "empathy" with God. Perhaps they thought of themselves in this state of difficulty, taking care of this, and developed a transparent personality in the process of fighting and wisdom with many weather.

"There are all flowers and autumn in spring, and there are snow in summer and winter. If there is no idleness, it is a good time on earth." Many of the old folk customs in Jiangnan are related to the weather. Observation. The wonderful change of nature is a sensitive ruler, which records the change of years and guides farming, so that our monotonous life day after day is brighter.

references

1. (Qing) Yuan Jinglan (Later Xue Xuelan): "Wu County Huali Li", Jiangsu Ancient Books Publishing House, 1998

2. Wang Jia sentence school: "Wumen Fengtu Series", Gu Wuxuan Press, 2019

3. Cai Mengluo and Cai Limin: "Four Seasons and Elegant: Suzhou Festival Folk Customs", Jiangxi People's Publishing House, 2013

4. Cheng Jie: "Twenty -Four Flowers Boxer" Examination ", Reading Jiangxue Journal, Issue 1, 2010

5. Li Genji: "The formation and development of the rejuvenation system of the lower reaches of the Yangtze River -Discussion centered on the Tang and Song Dynasties", historical research, No. 5, 2002

Disclaimer: The original article of the museum is reproduced and must be authorized by the museum. The original articles of public welfare articles, the copyright of the picture belongs to the collector or the creator.

- END -