Cultural Bay Area | "Warm and respect": Qian Mu's magnificent life

Qian Mu is known as "Master of Chinese Studies" and "Master of History". He is knowledgeable and his works. The masterpieces of modern Chinese history such as "National History" make it famous. Different from other scholars, he never went to college throughout his life and did not study abroad. He was a self -study. He went to a college forum from a rural primary school teacher, became a famous professor, and became a generation of academic masters.

■ Cai Ling Mountain

Qian Mu (1895-1990) Binbin 4, Wuxi, Jiangsu. Born in the Fifth House of the Seven Family Bridge of Xiaotao, the Seven Fangqiao of Yanxiang Township, Wuxi in 1895. His ancestors used to be the first richest man in the local area, but he had passed on to his father. When Qian Mu was seven years old, he was sent to his father to study by his father. In 1904, Qian Mu was ten years old and was admitted to Wuxi Dangou Town Fruit Elementary School. In the four years of studying, Qian Mu has won the teachings and guidance of famous teachers such as Qian Boyi, Hua Qianshuo, Hua Zixiang, etc., so that he has received the influence of good traditional Chinese studies and at the same time exposed to new schools in the West. And these famous teachers have opened Qian Mu's history, attach great importance to historical concepts, national consciousness, and have a wide range of interests and deeply interested. In 1908, the Changzhou Middle School Middle School was newly established, and Qian Mu was admitted to the middle school class. In terms of studies, it is most affected by Shi Di, Lu Si Mian. The teachers and apprentices later enjoyed a prestigious, but they often learned about learning. Even though Qian Mu failed to complete middle school education, he was deeply taught by a good teacher in his teenager for more than seven years. He treated people in the future, academic methods, career foundations, and life interests, all of which are rooted in this superior environment. At the age of eighteen, Qian Mu went to the Qinjia water canal in the seven or eight miles to serve as a teaching post for a living. This is also the beginning of Qian Mu's education career. During this period, he borrowed the Qin family's rich collection of books, and read the books such as Sperter's "Scholars' Words" and Mueller's "Famous Studies" translated by Yan Fu. Qian Mu is also interested in modern Western New Studies. From the spring of 1912 to the autumn of 1922, Qian Mu served as a rural elementary school teacher for ten years. In the past decade, the hard work and in this decade, Qian Mu reflects the spirit of learning more than learning. In the autumn of 1927, Qian Mu transferred to the provincial Suzhou Middle School to teach. During the three -year teaching of Qian Mu, when he was spare, he also buried the "Year of the Qin Dynasty", and successively completed the "Introduction to the Chinese Studies" lecture, "Mozi" and "Wang Shouren", and published a number of papers and " Mencius is about "omitted" and other books.

Qian Mu in Hong Kong

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In the autumn of 1930, Qian Mu served as a lecturer at the Department of Chinese Literature of Yanjing University and began his eight -year college teaching career in Peiping. In Yanda, he taught the freshman and sophomore in the sophomore. Student Li Suying said: "Teacher Bin Si is studying the country, and he is a good teacher who is a talented and book. Together, wonderful words, there are wonderful words, teased the classmates and laughing. " Rosy and spiritual. When I talk about books in the classroom, I am always interested, soft tone, leisurely attitude, holding a book with my left hand, holding the chalk in my right hand, while talking about the end of the podium to the end of the post. Speaking of the sudden stop, he smiled and looked at the people, with a lot of eyes, as if there were flying stars flashed and the notes jumped. The expression seemed to show that he expected the state to join the realm he knew and shared his joy. He was not too much Serious, not as good as the idols in Kongjiadian, but amiable. Talking and humorous, often with relaxed words and warnings, make the audience laugh. It is full of interest and no one will dozed. And he is indeed a good teacher who is good at inducing and encouraging students. "In addition to teaching, he continued to add the book" The Year of the Qin and Sons ", and published a paper and attracted much attention. Essence However, because Yan Da is a church school, foreign administrative language and Western office style make Qian Mu feel difficult to adapt, so he resigned after one year of teaching. In the early years, Qian Mu often regretted that he could not enter Peking University to study for further studies, but in 1931, Qian Mu was able to teach at the History Department of Peking University. He took three courses, of which "ancient history of China" and "Qin and Han History" were compulsory courses, and "China’ s academic history for nearly 300 years "was an elective course. At that time, Peiping studied the "ancient history of China". Qian Mu seemed to be in the "debate field" at Peking University. The teacher who "applauds" and "call".

Qian Mu's Mo Bao

At the invitation of Gu Jiegang, Qian Mu was published in the seventh issue of the Yanjing Journal, and published the article "Liu Xiangyu's Father and Son". In the article, he pointed out that Kang Youwei's book "New Studies and Pseudo -Scriptures", which interprets historical facts and obtains anti -evidence. There are 28 places. This article was detailed and accurate, and shocked the academic community in the northern in the northern academic community. In this article, some of Qian Mu's arguments are actually different from Gu Jiegang's views, but Gu Jiegang can accommodate different insights.

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After the 1991 Incident in 1931, under the initiative of Fu Sinian, Peking University decided to use the "Chinese General History" lesson that was originally lectured by fifteen scholarship experts. Teaching. The following year, he started to write the "National History Outline" lecture, and began teaching the history of China in the autumn of 1933. In the July 7th incident, with the southward movement of Peking University, Qian Mu still taught Chinese general history and other classes in Changsha, Kunming and other places. In April 1938, Qian Mu moved to Mongolian and Yiliang with the school again, and reorganized the lecture on the "Outline of the National History" in the afterbirth; after thirteen months, in June 1939 The "Yanquan Temple" outside the city was written into the book "Outline of the National History". "National History Outline" is the most important academic masterpiece in Qian Mu's life, and it is also a masterpiece of Chinese generals with a high reputation and great influence. Qian Mu put forward his important views on the history of the new general history before the "Introduction" in front of the "Outline of the National History". He said: "One must have the truth that the nation of our country has evolved into the cultural evolution, and to understand people, and to generally understand that China has become politics that China has gone to politics to politics. , Society, culture, and ideological evolutioners must have the knowledge necessary; the two should be able to reflect the problems of complex and difficult solutions to China in the old history, which is a reference for those who are generally aspirational to innovate. It is sent to the source of the permanent life of the nation and is sent by the spirit of all history; the latter pointed out that the syndrome of the recent pain of the country's recent illness is the original plan for improving the current plan. "After the publication of the" National History Outline "was published , Shiren is the best work of the history of China in the past few decades. Its high realm, the outstanding discussion, induces the feelings of the people of the country, inspire readers to govern history, is by no means comparable to general works. He proposed that the country must have a "warmth and respect" of the history of the country. Qian Mu's original intention is to let the Chinese people know the history of the motherland and love the culture of the motherland by learning the history of the country, in order to inspire the nation of the country. In this way, the country has the hope of moving forward. When Qian Mu is difficult to report to the country with a scholar, it can be said to be comparable to that of ordinary historians.

Qian Mu during the Guilin Street period

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In the spring of 1949, Qian Mu and Tang Junyi met the employment of Guangzhou Private Overseas Chinese University to the south, and met Zhang Qiyu in Guangzhou. Zhang Qiyi told Qian Mu that he had asked Xie Youwei, Cui Shuqin and others to run schools in Hong Kong. At the same time, Qian Mu invited Qian Mu to participate. Qian Muyi agreed. After Qian Mu arrived in Hong Kong, he saw many young people unemployed and out of school. After some efforts, he planned "Asian Literature and Industry Night College", and finally started school in October 1949. In the early days of the school, the scale was very small, and only three classrooms in South China Middle School in Weiqing Street, Yinqing Street, Jiulong, were used for class. At the beginning, there were only more than 30 students, which later increased to more than sixty. Cui Shuqin is the chief of the teaching affairs, and the teachers include Tang Junyi, Cheng Zhaoxiong, Luo Mengba, Zhang Yijie and others. In the spring of 1950, the branch campus was set up in the Emperor Dudao Haijiao Apartment on the North Point of Hong Kong Island, while Qian Mu and others arrived in Hong Kong during the day and returned to Kowloon in the evening. This is the predecessor of the Xinya Academy and its founding stage. In the autumn of the same year, Wang Yuefeng rented the third and fourth floor of the "Dingde New Building" on the sixty -three, 63, and sixty -fifth floor of the 61st, sixty -three, and sixty -five of Kowloon. The school was renamed "Xinya Academy". The purpose of Qian Mu's schooling is "the spirit of lectures in the Song and Ming Academy in the first place, and the Western -Europe mentor system, with the purpose of humanistic spirit education, communicates the world and west culture." And the full -time and part -time professor will add Wu Junsheng (later vice president), Ren Tai (English), Liu Baimin, Luo Xianglin (History), Zhang Weizhan (Chinese), Wei Tingsheng (Economics), Chen Bozhuang (Sociology), Yang Rumei (Banking), etc., all belong to the Confucian Confucian Confucian Confucianism in the domestic and academic circles. According to scholar Li Miao: "The strong lineup, the Chinese Department of the University of Hong Kong is far from comparable. It is deeply valued by the Hong Kong Education Department.

At the beginning of New Asia, a public academic lecture was set up. Every weekend from 7 pm to 9 pm in Guilin Street Classroom. Outside the school listened to speakers, they could get about sixty to 80 people. Students stayed in the school. Listen to the corner of the wall. Qian Mu tasted herself: "Gai Yu and other schools are neither name nor benefited. The rest of my life, I also want to be a friend, with friends and help." ,spare no effort. He wrote a new Asian school song, composed by Huang Youxuan, and his words said: "Hands empty, there is nothing; Lu Yaoyao, endless. I am so sleepy. I pick my shoulders on my shoulders and move forward while you are young. Intersection Qian Mu's spirit of supporting the hardship of "tie hard village and killed" has enabled Xinya College to be created and developed.

In the early summer of 1953, Professor Lu Ding of the Agilia Association sent New Ya to receive cooperation. In May of the following year, New Yati Yayi gave the school daily expenditure of 25,000 yuan per year (Qian Mu always insisted on not doing it. Colonial education is reluctant to run a church school and advocate religious freedom. The Yali Association has no objection to this to help the development of New Asia, which is aimless). At the same time For the library and the first floor, students are divided into two classes in Guilin Street and Jialin Border Road. In 1955, the Spring Asian Institute (Case: In the autumn of 1953, was funded by the Asian Association, and set up the New Asian Research Institute at Kowloon Prince Road) received a funding of Harvard Yanjing Society, set up scholarships, adds collection, publishing journals, research, research The thesis, officially publicly enrolled, and two years after the admission, was awarded the examination after the examination of the examinations, and graduated. It was also donated by the Ford Foundation of the United States and built a new school building at the Hong Kong government to build a new school building in Kowloon's Hongya Nonggu Road. On January 17, 1956, the foundation ceremony was held in the new school building. In October, the school was completed. The Ford Foundation sent someone to inspect and was very satisfied with the school layout arrangement, saying that "the building of this school building can imagine the spirit and future of this school." On June 13, 1960, Qian Mu was awarded his Ph.D. in Honor Humanities in Yale University in the United States.

On October 17, 1963, the Chinese University of Hong Kong was officially established in Shatin, New Territories, while the New Asian Academy (except the New Asia Institute) and the United Academy and Chongji College became three member colleges of the Chinese University. Qian Mu has put forward important opinions on the naming of the new university and the appointment of the president. When Qian Mu was the most difficult time in Xinya Academy, he never resigned lightly. He carried forward the pride of "picking the burden on both shoulders", making "New Asia" continue to develop. When New Asia joined the Chinese University, the foundation of the school had been established. In addition, there was a gap between China University and his ideal and belief in running the school. Only one year of vacation. In 1965, he officially resigned as the president of the "Xinya Academy". He presided over the graduation ceremony of the New Asian Academy as the dean for the last time. The existence of the true world. "According to the diary of Shen Yanmou, the director of Xinya Academy and the director of the library,:" The guest teacher went to the school and said that he had no nostalgia in the school. "

In 1955, Chunxinya Institute was created on the 2nd floor of No. 304 Prince Road, Kowloon

Qian Mu wrote a new Asian school singer draft

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Prior to this, in January 1960, Mrs. Qian Mu was invited by Yale University in the United States. She lectured in the Department of Eastern Research for half a year and taught two. Most of the students were teachers of Yale Language School. On June 13th, at the 259th Graduation Ceremony of Yale University, in order to recognize Qian Mu's academic achievements in education and academic, and his contribution to East and West cultural exchanges, Yale University specially awarded Qian Mu's honorary doctorate degree in humanities. In the ceremony, the president of the university asked Li Tianyi to recite the lyrics in Mandarin: "Mr. Qian Mu: You are a representative and guardian of ancient culture. The founder and principal, in the cause of educating Chinese youths, Yale is your comrades and supporters. In view of your personal genius and your academic achievements, Yale University specially teachs you a doctorate degree in humanities. " During the period, Qian Mu also wrote an academic lecture at the Harvard Institute of Eastern Academic Institute at the Harvard Yanjing Society. He titled "People and Scholars" and was translated by the famous Chinese scholar Yang Liansheng.

Qian Mu and his wife Hu Meiqi became double after they got married

In October 1967, Qian Mu and his wife came to Taiwan to settle. Chiang Kai -shek ordered the Yangmingshan Administration to be the place selected by Qian Mu -Shilin Wai Shuangxi near the east side of the Eastern University of the Eastern University. Express the courtesy of the master of the "State Ben". On the "Sushu Building" on No. 72, Linxi Road, Waidangxi, Qian Mu was tirelessly buried in the writing of "Zhu Zixin Case". The preparation time of the year, for a total of seven years before and after, completed the five volumes of Huanghuang, all 900,000 words. After the end of the "Zhu Zixin Case" in November 1969, Qian Mu was appointed by Zhang Qiyu's courtesy and served as a doctorate instructor in the Institute of History of the Chinese University of Culture. Since then, he has also studied in many colleges and universities. On June 9, 1985, Qian Mu took the last lesson of his teaching career on Su Shu. He was 91 years old and ended his 74 years of education.

Qian Mu became a generation of historical masters and masters of Chinese studies with self -study. He penetrated the history. The discussion said that he: "Govern the sons from a historical perspective, and respect the history with warmth. The core of the problem is to give new life. "And" reading, teaching, and book "runs through Qian Muping's ordinary and great life. In order to educate, he forgot his hometown, forgot his family, forgot his wife and children, and even forgot himself. This kind of tireless learning, as far as the dedication of academic and entered education, is a model of contemporary scholars.

Qian Mu in his later years

The Su Shilou, who lived in his later years for more than 20 years, was criticized by some members of the Taipei City Council as "illegal occupation". It was recovered for one month in a time limit. Qian Mu was forced to move. The struggle of politics has accumulated innocent. For an elderly man who has been in the ninetys year, a master of historians who recruit souls for Chinese culture is hard to make people understand. Qian Mut confessed in the newspaper: "For 22 years of settling in Taiwan, he usually strictly observed the savage's Su Zhi. He was unfortunately involved in this right and wrong, and his heart was uncomfortable. Right and wrong. In his life, he only served the scholar of the Confucianism. The source of the scholar's scholarly. The people have their own aspirations, and Yu Yiwei has only been made. Today, it has been publicly announced that the decision to move out of the Sushu Building has been publicly announced. I am grateful! "Two months after Mo Shulu Building, on August 30, 1990, Qian Mu finished the last moment of his life in the Taipei apartment. Qian Mu in his later years in front of Taipei Sushu Building

After Qian Mu's death, his wife Hu Meiqi obeyed her wishes and found the place where she was bones in the shore of Taihu Lake in Xishan, Suzhou. The monument of the white standing stood, the dignified characters, engraved "the tomb of Mr. Qianmu of Wuxi Qifangqiao". Several steps, planting pine and cypress, looking at it from the distance, the water of the Taihu Lake rushed from the foot of the mountain. This situation can't help but remind people of "Yunshan Cang Cang, Jiang Shui; Mr.'s Wind, High Mountains and Water!"

■ Introduction to the author

Cai Dengshan

The famous writer in Taiwan, a former general manager of the marketing company and deputy editor -in -chief of the publisher of the film company, is obsessed with the film and modern literary historical materials for more than 30 years. Since 1993, the series of "Writers" series of documentaries, as producers and screenwriters. In the past four years, Lu Xun, Zhou Zuoren, Yu Dafu, Xu Zhimo, Zhu Ziqing, Lao She, Bing Xin, Shen Congwen, Pakistan, Cao Yu, Xiao Qian, Zhang Ailing, Biography.

He is the author of "April Sky on Earth", "Legend of the Legend -Zhang Ailing", "Lu Xun's Love", "Zhang Ailing Sex", "Where to Find You -Hu Shi's Lovers and Friends", Mei Lanfang and Meng Xiaodong, "Republic of China" "The figure", "Late Qingqing", "Two Life", "How many pasts are heavier", "Love and Wait and Gap" and other dozens of works.

Source | Jingbao APP

Edit: Chen Jianguo

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