The renewal of virtue as the "Moral Education Jian" has become a designated textbook for Zhejiang University Chinese and Western Academy

Zhejiang News Client reporter Zhu Dawen Li Jiaozheng

Liang Qichao published in the "New People’ s Cong Bao "in December 1905. It is a well -known young moral educational self -cultivation book, which has affected Liang Shuyu, Hu Shi, Xu Zhimo and other Republic of China.

More than a hundred years ago, Liang Qichao compiled a "Moral Education Jian". At that time, he was serving as a mentor at the Tsinghua University College, looking forward to this small book with only tens of thousands of words, which can help create a sound personality.

Recently, "Moral Education Jian" was reproacked by the translation of Linlin Publishing House, becoming a designated textbook for the Chinese and Western Academy of Zhejiang University, and was accompanied by the "Discipline of German Education" by Professor Liu Dong for this to re -solve the problem. Most of the contents of "Moral Education Jian" are the quotations of everyone's thoughts.

When the situation has changed, can their mirror school be confused about the current young students? To this end, the reporter interviewed Professor Liu Dong, listening to his experience, talking about the college, and how to draw the "virtue" nutrients from tradition and become a virtue of youth.

Academy

Re -use

In 2009, Professor Liu Dong was hired by Tsinghua University and presided over the reconstruction of the Chinese Academy of Studies. In 2020, he was also employed by Zhejiang University to host the Chinese and Western Academy. Every time, he designated Liang Qichao's "Moral Education Book" as a textbook.

"Next semester, I will give the children of Zhu Kezhen College." Liu Dong said, "it may be the only compulsory course."

General education is a hot word for universities. And Liu Dong believes that the most important thing in general is "virtue". This is the foundation of human beings.

Liu Dong recently read a lot of books on brain science and paleontology. He gave an example. Early ape -man could ignite, and he could hold a torch to rush to the cliff with a large number of mammoths. Liu Dong said that of course there is wisdom here, but more importantly, they are a collective, they start to have morality, and they have the ability to connect themselves.

Liu Dong said that the ancient Dazhe had long felt this. Confucius said, "The benevolence is far away, I want to be benevolent, and the benevolence is to the end." Morality is the basic of human beings, a kind of cultivation anymore anymore.

In 1905, Liang Qichao must also feel here, and then edited "Moral Education". The Tsinghua University at that time was now a legend. Wang Guowei, Liang Qichao, Chen Yinke, Zhao Yuanren, and Li Ji are even more famous.

"I just transferred to Tsinghua University and prepared to reconstruct the National College. The first article I wrote was about Liang Qichao. Among the five mentors, I felt that I was the most deed with him." Liu Dong said, because Liang Qichao's personality is more stretched and his temperament is more calm. Personality is also more elegant -the traditional Confucian spirit is relatively complete in Liang Qichao. "When Chen Yinque and Wang Guowei were in class, everyone rarely understood." Liu Dong said with a smile.

Established in September 2020, Zhejiang University Chinese and Western Academy is a bit like another national college. Just listening to the name knows that it emphasizes the opening of Chinese and Western academics. In the official website, this is a composite humanities and social science research platform that is "based on the native and the world". The currently hired instructors are Liu Dong, Liang Zhiping and Liu Yingsheng, all of which are authoritative scholars in their respective fields. Liu Dong is also the dean of the academy.

Because of the preparations and epidemic conditions, the academy did not begin to operate last year, and many jobs have not yet fully developed -such as inviting famous domestic and foreign masters to talk about learning and preparing various textbooks. This "Moral Education Jian" was first proposed by Liu Dong.

Liang Qichao explicitly stated in the preface that this book cannot be used as a textbook because of the different genre, but hopes that people who have aspirations can be right and be a friend. Liu Dong said: We are used for emergency, but it is true that everyone needs to pay attention to the reading method, so we still need to write two solutions for each part.

It is written that Liu Dong feels that the situation is not simple. Although it is a long -term consideration, it takes about half an hour to write outlines, but it really wants to spread it, which is far more effort than expected. What he wants to tell is not the ready -made conclusions of the academic world, but to quote, argued, and refute it like writing papers.

Liu Dong remembered that he wrote quickly. At that time, his book collection had not had time to move to Hangzhou. He asked others to borrow an office and start writing. After writing, it is several times more than the original number of words, and then stuffed it in it. It is too noisy to win the master, so I have to become independent and become a special book "Discipline of German Education".

But thinking about it, it is better. Liu Dong said that there are two "general teaching materials", one as the initial script and the other as a reference read.

Liu Dong hopes that this interpretation will be passed on to later generations. Here, he re -explained the understanding of traditional culture, especially Confucianism in his mind. In his words, it is "all formatting."

Liu Dong was at the Chinese and Western Academy of Zhejiang University.

Learn from virtue

Continue dialogue

What kind of book is "Moral Education Jian"?

In this book, Liang Qichao selected 421 quotations from the previous Qin to Ming and Qing Dynasties, which are divided into "discrimination", "determination", "knowledge", "custody", "saving", "applied". The method and step of self -cultivation are excerpted and appointed, and the words of words are added.

The title of "Moral Education" means that the ancient great personality is compared and the mirror is used. "Moral Education Jian" was first published in the "Xinmin Cong", which was issued by the Commercial Press, which was all the rage.

Mr. Liang Shuming recalled in "My Self -Study History": "Mr. Ren Gong has the book" Moral Education Jian "... I first contacted the ancient Chinese knowledge, and I was funded here." Waiting for the book to be the seeds of "History of Chinese Philosophy": "If I can make up for the history of Chinese academic thoughts in these chapters for Mr. Liang Rengong in the future, wouldn't it be a glorious career?" Interest, part of Tsinghua's very literary motto -"self -improvement, thick morality".

When he arrived at Tsinghua University, he wanted to ask, what kind of virtue is this kind of character that is enough to carry things? What kind of ethical category is this self -improving gentleman's style? Furthermore, Liu Dong said, we can also ask, what value exactly does our cultural community of etiquette be condensed and covered?

Liang Qichao's editor of this thin booklet is trying to answer this question. Each one in the book echoes a certain practice of life. For example, "Differential" is to distinguish the direction of the soul.

Liu Dong said that although Chinese culture has a wealth of aspects and levels, the words of moral cultivation can be called authentic and mainstream, which constitutes the background of ancient Chinese society, and only shows the thickness of this civilization process. This is the most important in Confucian classic "The Analects of Confucius". Liang Qichao's compilation, almost every part of the part of the Analects of Confucius.

In Liu Dong's view, these important topics, including a whole set of academic discourse as their tone and characteristics, have been continuously discussed and talked about for thousands of years. What is compiled in "Moral Education" is also such a process that runs through civilization.

From Confucius to Cheng Zhu, to Kangliang, it has been here, as long as Chinese culture is continuously inherited, it will inevitably contain an endless expectation of post -school. It is required to continue this talk about the activity, not only to us, but also to our descendants and the descendants of our descendants.

In the office surrounded by the book, Liu Dong made a gesture that emphasized from time to time. He said that the book "Discipline of German Education" was not only "continued" by future generations, but also to "talk to the face"; not only to "talk to the ancient Western science), but also Today's Western Xue "talks against". This is also the origin of the Chinese and Western Academy.

Liu Dong said that Liang Qichao wrote this book with a background that could not be ignored. Previously, Liang Qichao ended a ten -month journey of America. As soon as he had the idea of ​​"invented new morals", he turned to the Chinese ancestors and Confucianism, and learned the way of cultivation and mind. This steering itself is quite meaningful.

Liu Dong also changed from the research of Western philosophy to the study of Chinese studies. He said that for us, the current work is to reopen the academic exploration of traditional Chinese traditional thoughts, thereby establishing a strong cultural self -confidence.

Liu Dong was at the Chinese and Western Academy of Zhejiang University.

enjoying the moment

Fang is the right path

We took 3 hours in the afternoon visit. He said that the night before, he read again until the morning. When he read it, he couldn't help but fist, and then slept until he had nearly afternoon.

This is the biological clock he has followed for many years.

He said: It is the same truth that we talk about moral education and cultivation. If you are not happy when you are doing it, it is like being in prison every day. How could moral education a boring thing, it should be full of joy.

For the first time, Liu Dong went to Mr. Li Zehou's house. Mr. Li asked him, "It's not fun to learn when learning". Liu Dong said, probably the motto of life. I did not expect Mr. Li to break his head after listening to him: "No! There is a high philosophy in that inside."

Liu Dong said that the core of moral education or moral education is "music". Teaching is not religion, it is enlightenment, it is like a spring breeze. Moral education is the outline of cultivation, but there are also etiquette, poetic education, music education, can also have culture, education, painting, and various happy cultivation methods. This is also a unique wisdom of the Chinese.

In addition to various books in Liu Dong's office, there are obvious large screens and sounds, and the shelf is full of records and discs. When he dinner for a while, he would drink a little bit of rice in Shaoxing and listen to a piece of opera.

Outside the window, you can see the most beautiful scenery in the western district of Zijin Port Campus of Zhejiang University. On the side of the brown -red building, there is a clear lake, and even the egret stays.

Why do we often feel so happy?

Liu Dong asked: The children of Peking University were originally the best, but I heard that some of the doctoral dissertations have more than 60 pounds, and they are thin. Very busy, but the stimulus is very short.

Liu Dong wrote a chapter in "Discipline of German Education", "Whether the useless use can be established". He told a story.

There is a sailor in Verne's novel "Twenty Miles of the Sea", and he has dealt with the sea for a lifetime. Any rare fish is fingering, but his judgment is limited to taste -this kind of fish is delicious and the fish is not delicious. This is like many people who are trapped in the consumer society. If you talk about a piece of art, you will be worthy of how much money can be worth it; if you tell him any new book, you will also be pondered how much money you can make.

In this scenario, Liu Dong always remembered that he had worked in a machine factory for eight years since he was 15 years old. 15 yuan salary, 2 cents a day a day for 6 days a day. You have to buy 2 cents of dishes, and of course you spend it. But he only bought 5 cents without meat, and he could buy books. After returning to the college entrance examination, I suddenly found that as long as it was studying, it was a surprise. Such a surprise mood has maintained Liu Dong for more than forty years. In the past, colleagues in the office once asked him: Teacher Liu, what do you always have to write? Write for half a year on your stomach, and the last manuscript fee is 30,000 yuan. You have to go out to give a speech. Liu Dong's answer is: For example, there is a grass and a flower on the Kunlun Mountain. It wants to grow. It wants to open it. That is it to open it.

Liu Dong believes that the mentality of flat promotion and narrowness and quick success at the moment, from the perspective of the entire civilization process, is not the norm of human life at all. The use of people now has been secretly flattened by the consumer society, and it is off. Therefore, he is looking forward to the "Moral Education Jian" carefully edited by Liang Qichao with the students to review the wisdom and right way of those ancients.

This semester Liu Dong took 16 major classes for 4 consecutive months, and each time the class was up to five hours. He and Zhejiang University had an agreement that he retired until the age of 80. There are 15 years. Liu Dong said with confidence that I would write another fifteen books.

He is particularly happy that the academy has just applied for a 500 -square -meter business hall and a cafe of more than 100 square meters.

The Chinese and Western Academy, in the eyes of Liu Dong, is a happy reading space and a good place for cultivation.

In the middle of the bookshelf of the office, there is a Confucius statue of about 1 meter high frame. Liu Dong said: I should have read 100 times, and I am going to write a "Confucius Ten Chapter". Next semester, his class may start with Confucius and read it with the students 101 times.

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How to read "Moral Education Jian"

However, since we are the Chinese Academy of Tsinghua University, we have a Chinese school base with the "four mentors" and have made legendary performance, then even if we are optimistic about the above upsurge Related readings on the first layer. Our basic proposition in this regard is: even if it is popular and popular "general" lesson, don't make it into the "Introduction" lesson under the moment, and constantly irrigate in the ancients of the ancients until it is continuously irrigated until the ancients are irrigated until it is poured into the ancients until it is poured into the ancients. It is completely bland and boring. On the contrary, since everyone wants to listen to the voices of the ancients, it is best to face them directly, and personally appreciate the words that they have not been translated into modern languages, from the original ideological field ...

From this remembered this "Moral Education Jian"! Thanks to the early national college mentor Liang Qichao, he was both a time -free person and compiled this small book for future generations, which is enough to help everyone use the most condensed space to concentrate on appreciation of the princes of the past. In particular, everyone can better appreciate the tension of their previous people from these moral discourse, because in this narrowing textbook, there is no smart modern induction, but it still contains the core value, Fang Sheng, Fang Sheng Fang Cheng's argument.

Native

In this way, the seemingly gentle Confucian discourse can be manifested as an endless rise in the process of civilization. When you recite these scholars 'quotations, readers may be surprised or shocked for their eager anger, such as Confucius' following: "The ancients have three illnesses, and they are also dead today. The madness is also sloppy, and the madness is also swaying today; However, as I just wrote it, it was precisely this kind of critical gesture from the readman group, which constituted an indispensable tension of past history: "We exclaimed many times," Not ancient ', then if it has been accumulated from Confucius or Rousseau at that time, I am afraid that it has fallen to the level of the apes, but why did it happen? In fact, there have been two forces that have been working together. Leave the historical process -the power of sinking and the power of rising. If there is no holy philosophy like Confucius, stand up and take the world as its own responsibility, and to get the hearts of people in the case of serious challenges in civilization, then maybe humans have long been really true Lost. So you see, our hope of the ideal state countless times is actually not nothing, at least the tendency of rapid slipping is balanced. "

Native

The specific suggestion is that on the one hand, it is because the tradition has been ruthlessly isolated with reality, including its usual language expression, and it is inevitable that ordinary readers are unfamiliar. Therefore, at the beginning of the booking Teacher, at least first read it literally to establish the foundation of further chewing. For example, in this book, "Differential", "Delivery", "Zhiben", "Covering", "Save", "Application", and this book, this division also provides a natural rhythm, so that everyone can concentrate six When a unit time, go to one of the topics in turn or in turn, at least the general semantics is clearly clear; and, for the ancestors received by the editors of this book, the leaders can also perform a certain amount of language level and ideological level. Teaching according to the aptitude of the degree.

On the other hand, it is even more important that although there may be the above language barriers, in any time and any circumstances, you must not let which little show. Although it is simple but inevitable in modern Chinese; otherwise, this kind of lazy method that is eager to save trouble will only make everyone lose their arms with the ancient sages again. And under this premise, everyone is best to adhere to the accumulation process of "day and monthly generals" as Mr. Liang suggested, and treat this book as a "pocket book" for easy reading to make full use of the gaps of various time gaps. Whether you are before bedtime, after waking up, pillows, or on the car, you can take it out without losing time. Even if you only take a short paragraph to include Yingzui, you must stay here for a long time. The major issues that are highlighted at the moment constitute a comparison of tensions in order to gradually survey, so that they can gradually be in their hearts, with the help of ancient and modern Chinese and foreign gatherings, and establish basic moral judgment. (This article is written by Liu Dong's "Moral Education Jian" when he was in Tsinghua University)

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