Qu Wu's experience before staying in Su Return to China

Quwu

This year is the 30th anniversary of the death of Qu Wu, the former vice chairman of the CPPCC and the former chairman of the Central Committee of the Revolutionary Revolution. The author has published an article "Qu Wu: a Mighty and Unintellable Life", which mentioned that Qu Wu was sent to Moscow Zhongshan University to study by the North Bureau of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China after graduating from Peking University in 1926. After graduating in 1929 The Chi Military Academy continues to be studied. Regarding the history of studying the Soviet Union in this paragraph, there have always been few related materials. The author recently found that some related historical materials of Qu Wu could be found in the book "Memory of Red Square -the CCP's Early Soviet Archives", which can add a lot of content to Qu Wu's revolutionary history. Zu Shu is as follows.

A resume

This resume was a resume written by Qu Wu at the time, which shows the reason why he went to the Soviet Union:

My easiest resume: I was born in a town in Weinan, Shaanxi, China in Weinan, China. , Sister Yi, Brother Uncle Nothing. When my grandmother died at the age of fifteen, my sisters had married, and I was the only one left at home. I was poor and lost in school. When my grandmother died, I was ordered to take the father's karma to be an apprentice in a small shop in a town (it turned out that my father had served as a business in the same store) and sent a letter to the post. When you study, you have to help your relatives and friends in the town's high school school.

Since the May 4th Movement, I first called on all students of the provincial capital to respond, strike, demonstration movement ... Organizing the Shaanxi Student Union, I was selected as the president. Soon he was recommended to go to Beijing to ask for representatives and attend the first National Student Fair representative. After arriving in Beijing, he petitioned to the government to refuse to sign Paris with the government. He once saw Xu Shichang, and met he bleeding to death. After returning to Shaanxi, the All -Shaanxi Student Association was pushed as chairman. Later, due to teaching salaries, all students were encouraged to demonstrate to the governor. Prisoner, surveillance of soldiers day and night. The news of the postmodels was very serious, and the situation was very serious, and there was a danger of judging the death penalty. They helped them, and then took the opportunity to break the door to escape. In the next year, I went to Tianjin to the Nankai School, and I went to Beijing to enter Peking University in one year. In 1923, I joined the Communist Youth League and joined the Kuomintang in the same year ... joined the Communist Party in 1924 ... The first Kuomintang organization in Beijing, I used to serve as a document. Minister ... The National Army has been involved in secrets and can do political work in the second army. Sun Yat -sen went north to appoint me to be a propaganda member of the Shaanxi National Congress, and returned to Shaanxi to do a major public movement. After returning to Beijing, the northern district ordered me to go to Kuronhaktu to transport the Soviet -to -fire bullets for the Soviet Union. Going to the two nationals for military movement, when it failed in Henan for two years.

... The results of the Second National Congress of the Kuomintang, I was elected as the central alternate member. The second meeting of the Central Committee also decided to send me in Xi'an to handle the Shaanxi party affairs. Good sex, want to come to the Soviet Union to learn military affairs, get the North District to decide the central allowance, first go to Europe to travel, and then go back to the Soviet Union to study military affairs. This is why it came.

Qu Wu's resume tells the process of his poor family background and his reputation after participating in the "May 4th" movement. Finally, the cause of studying the Soviet Union, the above -mentioned historical situations and plots, because of its self -report, is a commendable text.

Apply to enter the Valongzhi Military Academy

During the period of studying in 1927, Qu Wu wrote to the branch bureau of Moscow's Sun Yat -sen University at that time, requesting to retain his places in the next year to enter the Fulongzhi Military Academy. He wrote:

Comrade of the bureau:

Because I used to have a little military experience and my temperament, I was nearly guiding the military, so ... came here to learn higher military knowledge. At the beginning of last year, the third international also in favor of me to enter the Army University, but I asked me to learn Russian first, so I introduced me to 'Sun Da' (Moscow Zhongshan University). At this time, Yu You Ren came to the military committee and the two comrades of the "Civil School" and asked the "Luxa". The military committee agreed, but after the summer vacation, the "two comrades of the civil school" I failed to go. I heard that the bureau decided to send the "Lu Da" list next year. I have notified me, and because I want me to return to China soon, the place I have entered the "Lu Da" has shaken again. As far as I recently received Shaanxi notice: 1. All work in Shaanxi is ready, and there are many comrades in work. 2. Liapov ... soon came to study military, because his eye diseases have been healed (now Shaanxi). Therefore, from 1 point, I do n’t go back now, so I do n’t have a very urgent need; from 2 o'clock, I should learn military by the way.

Now my request is: (1) retain me next year's "Lu Da" quota. (2) Quickly introduce me to the Kyiv Military School, on the one hand, work, and study military on the one hand. It is better to send me to Yang Danan, because there are more people who have something to do with him. I heard that the work there was very bad at work there. Many people who are familiar with us have improved in China. However Their views are incorrectly determined here, and it is dangerous to return home, so I think it is necessary to go. At the same time, I can also get considerable experience in the Red Army in the past few months. If I do n’t need to work in Shaanxi at that time, I will go back to ‘Lu Da’ next year. If I must go back, have the military experience these days, and the role of going back in the Northwest Army will be great. Therefore, the special request for decision. Qu Wu had previously engaged in military work in the National Army and was interested in continuing to engage in military work. After overcome the language barrier, he asked to go to the Soviet military college for further studies. Rare historical materials.

Strongly ask to return to China to participate in the Anti -Japanese Japan

Qu Wu and Yu Zhixiu

Qu Wu has been studying in the Soviet Union for many years, and his time has passed through the failure of the "Great Revolution", the Civil War of the Communist Party of China, and several historical stages of the rise of the domestic anti -Japanese salvation campaign. At that time, Qu Wu was turbulent. During this period, he wrote to the heads of the Communist Party of China such as Wang Ming many times and strongly requested returning to China to participate in the Anti -Japanese Japan. In these letters, not only reflecting Qu Wu's determination to urgently demand to return to China to join the War of Resistance, and he repeatedly hoped that Wang Ming and other anxious moods would be able to give him back to him. Cold attitude.

The first letter of Qu Wu on February 18, 1936, which was retained, wrote:

Comrade Shao Yu, who loves:

This is the third time I wrote to you. I don't know why you refused to answer my first two letters? I'm not worth paying anymore! Intersection Although I have lost the qualifications of Communist Party members; but I always think that I am a communist. But I don't expect you to treat me as a communist or Communist member, because after many mistakes I have passed six years ago, it is impossible to see it. But I just want you to see me as a revolutionary nationalist. I want to take me at least to treat me objectively. Then, according to the new policy of the Communist Party of China, the unified national anti -Japanese front -I can also be at least a combatant on the national united front.

The Japanese imperialist attacked China in such a fierce attack! The bloody national revolutionaries no longer seize watching, and a communist believers? I can't stand it anymore! Also please give me a way out -go to China on the battlefield. Otherwise, this will increase my sin to the party to revolution. Because I am worthless in the Soviet Union, I have the slightest power to help complete the construction of socialism. But the environment of China's environment can indeed produce a small effect.

First, the relationship between the cooperation with the old days of Yuyou Ren, I believe it can promote its progress. Second, the relationship with Feng Yuxiang's old days to the northern military cooperation (Red Army, Feng Army, and other Northern Army) anti -Japanese issues, I believe it can contribute a little. Third, in the future, when transitioning to the second revolutionary historical stage, I believe it can happen a lot.

Native

I would like to return to the battlefield in China to desperately and the traitors of the Japanese and the traitors who betrayed the nation. I trust for the second time, and I am willing to go back to my team for the last time.

The only thing I want to want you to help me go back to China or allow me to go back to China at least. The most hope is: an interview with you. In April this year, I was released by the labor and political area camp. I once arrived at Mo and went to the international request to meet with you. Unfortunately, I did not have the wish! If you don't refuse now, please give a word, and immediately come to contribute all specific opinions in person.

My lowest hope is: No matter what you have a attitude towards me, I ask for a letter without hidden requests.

This is a revolutionary salute!

Native

Qu Wu wrote three times in a row and repeatedly expressed his determination to return to China to join the anti -Japanese, but Wang Ming did not reply to his request, so Qu Wu had to write again on July 19, 1937:

Wang Ming and other CCP are responsible for comrades! This is my last time I asked you. If you can't get your understanding and sympathy this time, then I can understand that you will always decide me to abandon me forever! For this reason, I can only be a party without a party.

If you are never willing to help me return to China to fight the revolution, then I can declare to you without hiding, and I will find another way to return to China to fight. Of course, the Soviet Union can also fulfill the completion of the construction of communism, but at the current revolutionary stage of China, I am confident that I can have a greater role. And under such a brave attack on the Japanese imperialism, the reaction of pro -Japanese factions, and the real situation of the anti -Japanese revolutionary united front, a real patriot must also be up. The enemy occupies the rivers and mountains; not to mention a communist, understand the internationally serious situation, the special significance of the Chinese revolution at this time, and can calm down the cultural work that everyone who can do well in the Soviet Union, instead of being able to do it. Go to the Chinese revolutionary battlefield to desperate? First, please do n’t doubt that I am still as shameful as seven years ago. From the results of special hard education in the past seven years, I consciously become a soldier who is not very timid for communism.

Second, please don't doubt that I am going to the counter -revolutionary camp. If I have a conspiracy to be a counter -revolutionary, then I will not be in the Soviet Union, so why should I ask you again?

Please believe that I have never abandoned the embrace of communism one day!

Please believe that I have prepared a new determination to fight!

Please believe that I sincerely pray to the team of my revolution!

Please believe that at least I want to be able to move under the direct guidance of the Communist Party!

But maybe you can believe it so easily. If you can't get your slightest believe and understand, then I can only do the revolutionary guerrilla.

In the end, it should be responsible for the declaration to you:

First, since joining the party in 1924, it has never committed the party's discipline and political mistakes during the Soviet Union in 1926.

Second, from 1926-1927, during the study of 'Sun Da ", he actively participated in the struggle against Trotsky.

Third, from 1927 to 1930, he had never made any mistakes for the party during the "Lu Da" study period.

Fourth, in 1930, the reason why the "Mo" was repeatedly confessed: (1) due to the family relationship; Statement, no need to write again.

The purpose of this time is the same as last year. For this matter, I hope that this time I can get it, whether it is definitely or negative.

Hope you guidance!

I wish you a revolutionary salute!

Native

Qu Wu's "last time" book still did not get a response. He had to "petition" many times, but he could not see Wang Ming, so Qu Wu wrote to the confession:

Comrade Wang Ming:

Several visits, no meeting, very good! Only in the pen and ink's description (sincere) Huaida's request for the gentleman.

The Russian Cultural Calendar I wrote to my husband was just stood on a Chinese stand -alone, because she was not qualified to stand on the standpoint of a Communist Party member. I understand. My husband will not admit that I am a communist. But I ca n’t stop declare again (a revolutionary should be bright). My communist belief has not only reduced it in the past few years, but also enhanced it. I thought I was a believer of Marx Leninus, no matter anyone's unbelief ... please don't stop me from returning to China.

The statement declared here: 1. The Communist International refuses to send me back; 2. The formation of the united front; 3. I think this is a superficial problem; 4. The starting point is completely standing on the standpoint of a communist. In short, all my actions now follow the route of the Communist Party.

In the recent text of Chinese issues, my gentleman's task of Communist Party members definitely thinks that it is my personal task now and in the future. Of course, the Communist Party will not believe me easily, because I lose the trust of the party in 1930. The shameful action in 1930 became my regret of my life, so I often wonded a long -term hatred ... But on the other hand, I always hope that the Communist Party can reduce my grief of my own hatred. Give the opportunity to correct and wash your past shame. I think the Communist Party can correct and educate everyone's mistakes and blindly. Especially now, Japanese robbers have insulted the Chinese people into this field. Seeing that Japan will turn China into its own colony, and the Japanese imperialists will be able to attack the Soviet Union by China ... The Communist Party refuses to forget me for seven years Isn't this a pity not to let me go back to China to fight against the enemy? Not only is it a pity, but I am very publicly thought:

First, if I do n’t go back to participate in the struggle now, I will do my responsibility of a revolutionary. This is of course my great sin, but second, if the gentleman and the Communist Party do n’t let me go back, then this cannot be regarded as a mistake of Mr. and the Communist Party ’s mistakes. Third, the job to prevent me from returning to China to participate in the National Anti -Japanese United Front is the infidelity of Mr. and the Communist Party of the public declaration of his bright declaration. It is damaged, then objective is an inevitable error estimate.

Not only for my personal future, but also for the victory of the anti -Japanese victory, the success of the Chinese revolution, and the realization of socialism in China, I had to make serious requests to my husband and the Communist Party. Whether I can be satisfied with my request, I hope to give me a clear answer in the near future. This wishes against the Japanese victory

Native

So what happened to Qu Wu's "because I lost the party's trust in 1930" in the above letter?

Qu Wu from Moscow Zhongshan University to the War of Resistance Against Japan, it has been more than ten years. In the meantime, he and Yu Zhixiu had already worked hard. Yu Zhixiu returned to China in the first stage of 1927, and was arrested by the Kuomintang "Qing Party Committee" the following year. Yu Youren had not been asked about his arrest. Trim the relationship between husband and wife. In April 1930, Qu Wu married a Soviet girl named Nina.

As Qu Wu's identity and his social relationship, in the Soviet Union, he was not trusted, and he was renewed by Wang Ming and others. Just when Qu Wu and the Soviet women were newly married, Qu Wu suddenly received an order, asking him and Liu Bocheng, including Liu Bocheng to return home immediately in the early morning of the next day. At that time, Qu Wu decided to obey the order, but when the train started, he saw that the newly married wife actually cried and fell to the ground on the platform. Qu Wu couldn't suppress his feelings. The small station got out of the car and rushed back to Nina's home that afternoon, ready to settle down and then return to China. The next day, Qu Wu reported his situation to the Party Committee of Folunzhi Military Academy and expressed his willingness to return home immediately, but the leader asked him to go home first. After that, Qu Wu asked many times and did not get a clear reply. Soon, Qu Wu was detained and was immediately detained and questioned. Half a year later, Qu Wu was sentenced to ten years of exile for "violating the military discipline" and was sentenced to a decade of exile in Moormanskram (near the Arctic Ocean). From November 1930 to January 1937, Qu Wu endured the weight of humiliation and passed the seven -year "exile". During this, because of his excellent performance, he was the title of "model worker" and was appointed as "cultural culture. Director of the Commissioner "" Cultural Division "is responsible for the culture and publicity and education of more than 100,000 prisoners in the entire labor reform. In January 1937, Qu Wu was released in advance and resumed the Communist Communist Party (cloth) party membership to officially participate in the work of the Soviet Ministry of Internal Affairs. After the outbreak of the Anti -Japanese War, Qu Wu repeatedly submitted a report to the party committee, the Ministry of Internal Affairs, and the Central Committee of the CPSU in the Northern Region of the Soviet Union to return to the war. In the spring of 1938, the Soviet authorities approved Qu Wu's request. Qu Wu was in contact with the Communist Party of China in the Communist Party of China.

Qu Wu finally completed the procedures for returning through the Chinese Embassy in the Soviet Union. He also learned that Yu Zhixiu had been waiting for him, and Yu You Ren also wrote to look forward to his early return to his family to reunite with his family.

In October 1938, Qu Wu returned to Chongqing and lived in the right home. In January 1939, the Southern Bureau of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China was established in Chongqing. Zhou Enlai served as secretary. Qu Wu immediately met Zhou Enlai and made a request to restore his party membership of the Communist Party of China. Zhou Enlai persuaded him to stay outside the party and engage in the united front. Shortly after that, Qu Wu was appointed as the director and major general of the Military Advisory Department of the National Government Military Commission for the Military Council of the National Government to be responsible for the Soviet consultant affairs. Later, Qu Wu was elected as a legislative member of the Legislative Yuan of the National Government and served as Secretary -General of the Sino -Soviet Culture Association. In the later historical years, Qu Wu was entrusted by Zhou Enlai. Do a lot of beneficial work. (Scattered wood)

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