Painting practice intervention based on heart flow theory

Many children's self -control in daily life is poor, such as "unable to sit", "unable to calm down", "go to class," and "do not concentrate on doing things", which leads to difficulties in learning. And go astray. How can we effectively improve children's self -control? A new method of intervention based on the principles of positive psychology has been very popular recently, that is, the use of children's instincts that children like graffiti, and to guide these children through painting practice activities. This is because painting practice activities can enable children to experience the heart (Flow) during the activity, and it is easy to enable children to enter the state of immersive learning (or activity), thereby generating positive effects and developing their self -control.

Heart flow (Flow, sometimes translated as a blessing, blessing, immersion and fluency, etc.) was the earliest. It is proposed that it refers to the best experience state obtained by people who devoted themselves to the event. The generation of heart flow requires multiple conditions, such as structural characteristics (instant active feedback, etc.), the purpose of the activity itself, the external challenges of the activity, and the individual existing skills are highly balanced. Once the individual gets the heart, it will show a strong concentration (that is, the individual's behavior and consciousness are completely integrated and blindly blindly view the world) and lose the correct self -awareness (such as not knowing hunger or pain, etc.) and the correct that is correct) Time perception (always feels that time is fleeting) and so on. After proposing the theory of the heart flow, it gradually received the attention of multiple disciplines or fields such as education, management, art, and physical education.

Painting practice activities are easier to bring heart flow experience

Children's painting activities are the projection of the world and the expression of emotions, and can promote the psychological development of children to a certain extent. A. Kozhurova et al. Published in 2021 in a research proof of a normal child as a research object on the "SHS Web of Conferences" (SHS Web of Conferences "proved that painting intervention helps reduce elementary school children in primary school children Anxiety, improving its self -emotional control ability. A study published in the Canadian Journal of Education published in 2022 also shows that actively participating Art activities will significantly improve their mental health. This is because painting practical activities can effectively help children get heart flow, and heart flow is an important intermediary variable for mental health and psychological development. Why is it easier for children to gain a heart flow experience through painting practice activities? This is mainly because painting practice activities not only meet the characteristics of children's physical and mental development, but also meet the conditions of the heart flow.

First, painting practice activities are an effective way for children to express individual emotions. Because physiological development is not mature enough, children's language and text expression ability is not enough to fully express their emotions or understanding of society and nature. Therefore, children's painting practice activities are the most effective way for children to perform emotional exposure to society and nature. one. Children can express their thoughts, desires, and moods and sorrows through painting. For example, when the painting proposition of "my family" for children, children can express their emotions by depicting the image and state of the character. On his shoulders, my mother can make delicious meals, and I feel very happy. "It expresses her happy emotions by expressing the smiley symbols on my parents' face.

Second, painting practice activities allow children to experience or experience their own sense of control (such as the composition or color of the control screen, etc.). Children will perform well in most living activities, but painting practice activities are different. Even when children face the screen problems that have appeared, children can solve them through painting skills (such as composition skills, color skills, etc.). Children are easy to get a sense of accomplishment. For example, when children depict the "chaotic leaves", they not only draw the obstruction relationship between the leaves, but also distinguish between the leaves and the tender buds with two colors of light green and dark green. Children have a psychological experience such as a sense of relaxation and control.

Third, painting practice activities can meet the external challenges faced by children and high -level balance of existing skills. For example, children in the graffiti stage, children are reflected in painting as disorderly and repeatedly. At this time, the challenge can be drawn on paper, long and short -term, etc., and children can draw their own satisfactory points and lines to learn the use of brushes. With the improvement of life experience and painting ability, simple graffiti has been difficult to arouse children's interest. Composition, spatial relationship, color and warm and warm arrangement, etc., more professional knowledge can make new challenges for children, prompting them to complete it more difficult to complete it. Painting task. The conquest of new challenges transformed into an improvement of individual abilities.

Fourth, painting has good instant feedback features. Children often use smiley faces or pink, yellow and other bright colors to express happy emotions. During this expression, children can feel the positive emotional experience brought by depicting things or incidents again. Children use painting materials for graffiti games to experience the happiness of "this painting is just like me", and for unhappy things, children have vent their emotions during the painting process to obtain a sense of release. The emotions generated by cognition in painting activities were successfully vented, and at the same time, it deepened children's cognition of the world. For example, when children depict the growth environment, contour characteristics, and flesh structure of the dragon fruit, they not only get instant feedback from the picture, but also have active feedback from learning new knowledge. Fifth, painting is usually inherently dominated by interest. Painting practice is natural and interesting, and it is easy to satisfy children's curiosity and desire. For example, children blow soap bubbles on paper, leave the bubbles with different seals with different sizes, colors, and shapes, or they are curious about purple after mixing with red and blue pigments. The uncertainty of the picture has caused children to become interested in painting practice activities. It is full of curiosity about "future". Children are immersed in painting practice activities due to interest, promoting children's expectations for the next step of painting activities.

Painting practice intervention needs to pay attention

Yi Maggie Guo and others published a study in 2020 in "Studies in Higher Education" found that student heart flow experience was affected by students' interest, self -efficacy, and the views of teachers, and ultimately affected To the results of students' cognitive learning. Therefore, painting practice intervention should also pay attention to the following issues accordingly.

First, painting should be based on the child's own interest. Interest is the best inner motivation. During the painting process, try to allow children to learn to draw things that are interested, so that children are more focused on the current activities and form a natural happiness immersed learning. At the same time, you can also combine paintings with other disciplines. If you can propose children to draw "the cold mountain stone diameter, there are people in the Bai Yunsheng", to help children deepen the understanding of ancient poetry by painting Can reach the best state.

Secondly, consciously improve the child's self -efficacy in life. In painting practice activities, teachers can help children set the goals that can be drawn through learning to enhance children's confidence in completing their tasks and achieving goals. To enhance the ability to deal with challenges. If you want to express the far -near relationship of objects, help your child learn to use approximative use of near -far, small, far -reaching deficiency and other methods. David E. Melnikoff and others published a research report published in Nature Communications in 2022 pointed out that the purpose and methods of people's activities were greatly affected by the purpose and method of people. (ENDS, referred to as E) Refers to the final result of the activity of individual expectations, such as drawing an apple, etc.; Means (Means, referred to M) refers to the method of implementing E, such as drawing the outline of the apple with a pencil or painting the color of the apple with oil drawing sticks. Wait. The level of people's heart flow will change accordingly with the degree of M and E. For example, children draw a straight line or paint blue with oil drawing rods, and use this method (straight or blue graffiti). ) The correlation is not large, at this time, it is not easy to produce heart flow; on the contrary, when children draw a circular representative fruit and use curve to represent the fruit handle. The use of this method to achieve the goal will increase Enhancement. When individuals have experienced the state of heart flow, they will consciously improve their skills to pursue the sense of accomplishment brought by the next heart flow, thereby indirectly enhanced their interest in learning. In this process, the degree of realization of the results of the individual's expectations can cause independent behaviors, which prompts the participants to be more patient to treat a certain activity and achieve a virtuous circle of more brave war.

Finally, actively feedback the child's behavior or action. Active feedback can not only promote the child's behavior to achieve the expected results as soon as possible, but also enhance the child's grasp of the expected results. Many children are often willing to do what they have succeeded before, because before successful, children will think that next time it is more likely, and this successful experience will be generalized to other activities. If the child can achieve the effect of the picture through some painting method, if you can get the recognition of others, it will further enable the child to gain a sense of accomplishment and the motivation and confidence of progress, and look forward to the next painting activity, and this experience still has this experience. It may be generalized into his cognitive learning and manual activities.

Of course, the use of painting practice to establish children's mental health is different from pure art education, because it does not use art to interfere with the disease, nor to create products or cultivate art skills through painting art. Health ability helps those children who seem to be talented and have not creative creativity in the field of painting learn to understand, participate and self -regulate through painting practice to establish a positive state of psychological state.

(Author unit: School of Fine Arts of Zhejiang Normal University; Department of Psychology, Zhejiang Normal University)

Source: China Social Science Network-Journal of Social Sciences of China

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