The mysterious organization behind Song Guan Kiln "Shao Bureau"

In the Song Dynasty, the official kiln and the folk kiln began. The official kiln is produced for royal demand, which has a strong court color; the folk kiln mainly supplies urban and rural residents or coastal export, which is practical and full of life. Over time, two important porcelain kiln power has been formed, which affects the thousands of years later, which makes the ancient Chinese porcelain industry wonderful.

Song Guan Kiln green glaze string tattoo bottle

Palace Museum

Song Yaozhou kiln green glaze engraved tangled peony tattoo plum bottle

Palace Museum

Compared with the folk kiln, the official kiln is directly produced by the emperor's aesthetics and is produced in accordance with the style of the court, and the conditions of the firing are superior. At the expense of spending the work, it has the status of "supreme". It is not born in the air, but developed step by step by step by step. During the Tang Dynasty, Yue kiln celadon and Xing kiln white porcelain had tribute to the court. In the Song Dynasty, this type of tribute porcelain gradually could not meet the royal demand. The court used porcelain to produce porcelain kiln specially produced by officials, so the official kiln was born.

In order to maintain the dedicated nature of the royal consumer goods, the official kiln is strictly forbidden to use the people. Especially when the kiln is abandoned, the marks of burning kiln cannot be left. Therefore, since the birth of the birth, the official kiln has been full of mysterious colors. For thousands of years, it has been the public's minds. Zhongyao is unable to see the world's treasures. The craftsmen and supervisors who burned these mysterious porcelain have a special mysterious color.

Northern Song Ru Kiln Celadon Lotus Lotus Win -style Bowl

Taipei Palace Museum Collection

Although the "Negative Records" and Ye Zhi's "Tanzhai Bi Heng", the Southern Song Dynasty literati, have been lost, but in the words left, there is an important record of the Song Dynasty official kiln that is extremely similar to:

"Xuan and Zhengtian, Jingshi self -made kiln fired, named" Guanyao ", ZTE crossed the river, and Shao Chengzhang raised the back garden, No. Shao Tuan", attacked Huizong legacy, set up kiln The green device, the name "inner kiln ', the sanity of Cheng Ni, extremely fine, the oil color is clear, and it is treasured by the world. There is a new kiln under the suburban altar, also known as the" official kiln ", which is not better than the old kiln. ","

On the one hand, the literature refers to the continuation of the Northern Song Dynasty's official kiln and the official kiln of the Southern Song Dynasty. It is generally believed that the official kiln of the Song Dynasty, which is passed down and preserved in the court so far, can be divided into the Northern Song government kiln and the official kiln of the Southern Song Dynasty.

Song Jun Kiln Rose Purple Glaze Begonia Flower Pot

Palace Museum

On the other hand, after the relocation of the Song Dynasty, Shao Chengzhang, an official who inherited the heritage of the old Beijing official kiln and presided over Xishi Kiln. Who is this Shao Chengzhang?

According to the Biography of the History of the Song Dynasty, he was an internal servant eunuch during the Qinzong period of the Northern Song Dynasty. During the Southern Song Dynasty, the supervisor of the Hangzhou official kiln burned, the hosted Xiu Nishi kiln was fired in the form of the official kiln in the form and glaze. Later, he was framed and was framed and removed by the traitor. After the name, he kept decentralizing and never returned.

In the article, some scholars believe that some scholars are likely to be a group of official kiln craftsmen managed by Shao Chengzhang when they were in Jingjing. Because Shao Chengzhang's old ministry was called Shao Bureau. The Song Dynasty south, these craftsmen who held the old Beijing heritage, followed by driving, continued to burn the official kiln. Even if Shao Chengzhang was removed later, these batches of tackling still used the title of Shao Bureau.

Southern Song Guan Kiln Water

Guanfu Museum Collection

In the "Research North Magazine" in the Yuan Dynasty, the Yuan Dynasty literati recorded it from another perspective: "In Shaoxing, Qin Yue powder is decorated with peace, and the insiders' Shao Lord repaired the ceremony instruments, all the workers are affiliated, and it is called the Shao Zhuan." Essence Shao Yan in this text is Shao Chengzhang based on scholar research. Mr. Li Zhihui, a research librarian of the Palace Museum, comprehensive records in different documents, and believes that the existence of Shao Bureau is probably not legend.

Southern Song Dynasty Kiln Bottle

Shanghai Museum Collection

Shao Chengzhang and Shao Chao, which flashed in the literature, are only part of the many south -south fine craftsmen. They integrate and improve the northern court craftsmanship with the technologies and natural conditions of the south, and create a burning different from both the Northern Song Dynasty official Ru kiln and the Xiu Nei Kiln and the suburbs of the suburbs of the Southern Yue Kiln and Longquan Kiln. One of the most fascinating chapters in the history of Chinese porcelain.

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