Cultural Research of the Three Kingdoms | Li Du Shi Soul, Fengjie Article

Liu Bei and Zhuge Liang

Two scholars came to Fengjie County to investigate. When they discussed the historical and cultural connotation of Fengjie, they said eight words: Li Du Shixun, Fengjie articles. Hearing their generalization of Fengjie, their hearts were shocked.

Li Du Shixun is well understood. The poet Li Bai went to Fengjie twice, and wrote down the popular "Early Bai Emperor City" to make the white emperor city reputable; Li Bai and Du Fu laid deep cornerstone for the "Poetry City Fengjie". The words "Fengjie Article" are difficult to understand, but if you think about it, it is really fun.

To understand the "Fengjie Article", we must first understand the origin of Fengjie County's name.

The ancient names of Fengjie were renamed Fengjie in the Tang Dynasty. The dictionary explains "Feng Jie", that is, holding the festival, which is the envoy. "Houhan Book • Ban Chao Biography": "The current minister is lucky enough to bring gold and silver to the West, such as the end of the life, sincere hate, but there is no Western region after or famous." If "Fengjie County "The origin of the origin is" the envoy ", and the historical basis cannot be found, and people think it is inappropriate. In the Three Gorges region, there is a folk story that makes people talked about, telling the origin of Fengjie County:

A long time ago, a person named Xu You was an official here. One day late at night, the wind and rain mastering suddenly heard the sound of sound in the back garden, and ran to see, and a hole in the mountains collapsed under the mountain. Xu You once heard that Liu Bei was buried in this area after his death. He might not say that this was the tomb, so he explored and walked in. Sure enough, there is a tomb. He saw a stone monument in the light, and a few poems were written on the monument: Xu Youyou, no grievances, no hatred, no reason to steal the grave, and punished you to get oil.

The money on the monument is Zhuge Liang. Xu You was so scared that his soul was not attached, and he quickly ran out of the hole to get oil on the long light in the tomb. It is strange to say that no matter how much oil falls into the lamp, there is always a little bit in the lamp. Xu You was in a hurry, and he was still dissatisfied to find someone in the oil house in the city. When the lady saw him anxious, she said that she was still a little bit of oil there, and Xu You took it. As soon as the oil was combed, the light was full. The word on the monument has also become the four characters of "Fenggong Festival". Later, people called Fengjie here.

Although this story has been circulating for nearly a century in the Three Gorges region, it is a folklore after all. Looking at some historical documents, you can see the records of many cultural people.

Zhuge Liang

The "Explanation of the County and County" written by Guo Zizhen in the Ming Dynasty, when talking about the name of Fengjie, wrote: "Tang name, with its presence of the general manager of Fengshan South Road." In the first year of Tang Zhenguan (627) one. In the 21st year of Kaiyuan (733), it was divided into the east of Shannan and West Road in Shannan. The eastern Sichuan of the Jialing River belongs to the west road of the south of Shan; The "control" here, that is, the meaning of "command, jurisdiction". Another scholar of the Ming Dynasty, Cao Xuezheng, recorded in the "Shuzhong Guangji" compiled by the Ming Dynasty: "Yuyi in the Spring and Autumn Period of Fengjie County, Yufu County, Hanjin and Jin also. And the storage does not forget to believe in. "It means that although the name of" Xinzhou "is abolished, the" storage "does not forget the meaning of" faith ". Mr. Lu Shibin, a librarian of the Palace Museum in 1931, wrote the book "Ji Ming Name" in 1931. When he wrote the name of Fengjie County, he said this: "Tang changed the name of the today. Wuhou Eight Array Pictures. You can hold six feet lonely, you can send a hundred miles, and it is uninteresting the festivals, gentlemen and gentlemen? "" "" Do not seize it. "Lu Shibin believes that Zhuge Liang is the gentleman who can" care for loneliness ", and during the Three Kingdoms, Liu Bei and Zhuge Liang had a" lonely life "historical fact in Yong'an Palace. Therefore, the land of the Three Gorges was named. For Fengjie. In 1984, the book "Three Gorges Poetry" (compiled by Tan Chuanshu, Meng Xiangrong, and Yan Qilin) ​​published by Huazhong Normal University was written in the coming time of Fengjie.

For these explanations of their predecessors, everyone has identified it. Many scholars believe that the time to divide the Shannan Dong Road and the setting history of the Gorge of Gorge. After the renames in Fengjie, the explanation in Guo Zizhang's "County and County Interpretation" was not established. Cao Xueyu's "Shuzhong Guang Ji" said that "state officials do not forget the letter" and lack persuasion. The ruler of the past generations requires that all state officials have requested "not forgotten the letter". What about Fengjie? As for the "Fenghuang Jiedu", it is basically similar to Guo Zizhang's "Explanation of the County and County", which seems a bit far -fetched. At present, most people believe that Lu Shibin's "Jingwu Hou Dajie" is more credible. During the Tang Dynasty, under the influence of Tang Taizong, he praised Zhuge Liang from top to bottom. "The Confucian Confucianism" said, "It is unsatisfactory, loyalty!" After Zhuge Liang's death, the nickname was Zhongwuhou. Therefore, during the Zhenguan of the Tang Dynasty, it was named Feng Jie, which should be related to commemorating Zhuge Liang.

The most important relationship between Zhuge Liang and Fengjie is an orphan incident. Yongan Tuo Gu, liver and gallbladder between monarchs and ministers is an important event in the Three Kingdoms period. In the past few years, some scholars made a variety of analysis on the relationship between Yongan Tuozhong Liu Bei and Zhuge Liang, and believed that the two were "subtle". From the perspective of authority, it was suspicious of the behavior of the two people, and believed that the sinister political struggle was hidden behind the "orphan incident". However, most people do n’t think so in history. Multi -scholars have given affirmation and appreciation to “Yongan Toto”, thinking that this is a historical fact in Chinese history. Chen Shou commented: Liu Bei "supports the country to be lonely in Zhuge Liang, and there is no heart. The so -called "mindlessness" is that there is no reservation or no taboos. In other words, the relationship between monarch and minister has reached the state of selflessness and selflessness, and is the highest model of monarchy relations from ancient times to the present. The reason why "Yongan Toto" can be immortal over the ages, and people particularly admire the sincere friendship between Liu Bei and Zhuge Liang. People are also particularly envious of this kind of monarchy relationship between liver and gallbladder and deep love. Therefore, people call Zhuge Liang and Liu Bei as "Ming Jun Liangchen". The main hall of the Baidi Temple in Fengjie, the main hall of which is the Mingliang Hall, that is, worship Liu Bei, Zhuge Liang, and Guan Yu and Zhang Fei. In a sense, "Mingjun and Liangchen" is a model of politics in Chinese history in thousands of years. The statue of "Yongan Toto" in Baidi City

In China, the commemorative building built by the official approval, in addition to commemorating the Confucius's Temple, the most is the Guandi Temple, followed by the Wuhou Temple. During the Ming and Qing dynasties, there were more than 100 martial arts temples in various places. Today, there are more than a dozen famous Wuhou Temple in the country. In Fengjie County, Wuhou Temple has been built in multiple places. So far, there is still one in the Baidi Temple, and it was left over from the Ming Dynasty.

Zhuge Liang's historical relics in Fengjie, in addition to the Wuhou Temple on the city of Baidi, there are also the star viewing pavilions of the night view of the night, the water eight array of Yusupu, and the dry eight array of the Caotang River, Zhuge Liang comforts the general's Fujun Bridge, Watch the Guanwu Town rehearsed, Wolonggang of Tuning Bing, and Kaimen, which is named after Du Fu's poem "Shu Xiang". Moreover, since the Song Dynasty, the people in Fengjie still have the "people day step" activity in commemorating Zhuge Liang. That is, on the seventh day of the first month, local officials and people at Puzhou Prefecture and the common people conducted various amusement activities to commemorate Zhuge Liang on the ruins of Zhuge Liang's eight -armed map.

Now, people are visiting Baili City and walking through the wind and rain gallery bridge, which is a loyal square that covers an area of ​​about 7,000 square meters. A 7.9 -meter -high Zhuge Liang bronze statue stands in the center of the square. This bronze statue is a national first -class artist, a professor of the Chinese Academy of Fine Arts, and a famous sculptor Zhao Shutong. Zhuge Liang's clothes fluttered, but his expression looked towering, showing the loyalty and calm wisdom when he was in danger. On the wall of tens of meters on the side of the square, there are dozens of poems that have been highly evaluated by Zhuge Liang in the past. Behind the bronze statue of Zhuge Liang, it is a 4 -meter -high, 12.6 -meter -long "Teacher" made of Han white jade carving.

Liu Bei Drama Photo

"Teacher's Watch" has always been used as a model example and evidence of Zhuge Liang's loyalty and "the first person of the old age". Although there are also criticisms of the "Master Table", most scholars believe that the evaluation of historical figures cannot be aside from the social background and cultural background of historical figures, and cannot use the world view of contemporary people, especially political views, to subvert historical figures to subvert historical figures the value of.

The Song Dynasty scholar Zhao Yuishi recorded a quotation of Qingcheng Shanzhi An Zishun in "Bin Return": "Reading Zhuge Kongming's" Teacher's Watch "without falling into tears, his person will be unfaithful; Those who fall into tears must not be filial; those who read the "Sacrifice Twelve Langwen" who read the Korean retreat will not fall in tears.

Numerous Sao people in the past praised Zhuge Liang's masterpiece, and wrote a lot of praise poems. "The Romance of the Three Kingdoms" has quoted Bai Juyi's poems in the 104th round:

"The mystery of the teacher is here, it is a glimpse of tears."

Lu You, a patriotic poet in the Southern Song Dynasty, repeatedly admired Zhuge Liang's "Teacher":

"There is no table for a teacher, far more than the Guanle cover."

"A master of the teacher is really famous, who is a thousand years who are Kanbo." ("Book Angry")

"When I am a teacher, I look at the lights in the middle of the night." ("Sickness")

"Surprisingly, the word cannot be deleted." ("Sensing Autumn")

"Weibin Xingxing has more than a thousand years, who will follow the teacher!" ("Seventy -two -year -old Yin")

People read the "Teacher's Watch" and were moved by Zhuge Liang's Gao Feng Liang Festival. Zhuge Liang in "The Teacher" revealed a kind of emotional beauty of true, sincere, and loyal. Zhuge Liang's loyalty is a kind of belief and a kind of persistence. This belief makes him loyal to his career and is ideal. Most people like Zhuge Liang instead of others, because he insists on loyalty to the end. Zhuge Liang "bowed hard and died" for the National Society, and the "Teacher" focused on this spirit.

At this time, let's understand the "Fengjie Article" again, talking about the history of the lonely history and Zhuge Liang's "Teacher's Table", which naturally makes people feel emotional and realize that the four words are long. (Text/Zhao Guilin Zhao Eucalyptus)

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