Yuan Story │ Non -fiction: Tide up and tide

On the 100th issue of Jingbaoyuan's story, sort out the process of non -fiction writing in China. Share a good wish to share some kind of thinking through non -fiction writing?

■ Zhang Xinyin Shi Jiaxiang Du Ruifeng Chen Xianling

origin

Wei Yi clearly remembered that "The Death of Weightlifting Champions" was published on the 25th edition of "Southern Weekend" on June 19, 2003. In June of that year, he was about to graduate from college and read it for the first time in school: a reading experience that never had before. "At that time, I only knew that this report was different from the general news, but what was different, I couldn't tell."

The author of the manuscript is Li Haipeng, who is regarded as the pioneer of the special manuscript. At the beginning of the month, Yang Ruichun, director of the Southern Weekend Special Department, and his death of the Asian weightlifting champion at the headquarters of the Guangzhou headquarters. Yang Ruichun said that he wanted to be a "special manuscript". Li Haipeng said that he thought so too.

This "different" manuscript caused a lot of shock inside the newspaper. Abandoning the narrative, paving, and analysis of the old sets, grasping the story tightly, and promoting the reader's emotions through details and conflicts, and will eventually intend to have a greater "problem and reason."

In fact, reporters still underestimated its influence. Ten years later, Wei Yi interviewed the "Silver Age: a serial killing case and the past of a city" caused a huge response. Today, Wei Yi is already the deputy editor -in -chief of the Southern Person Weekly. It is his turn to talk to others for "where is different."

Many media people believe that there are two sources of non -fiction writing in China, a special manuscript from the news media, affected by new foreign journalism. The other came from the report literature active in the field of literature in the 1980s.

During the fire incident of Daxing'an Ridge in 1987, the "Red Warning", "Black Wings" and "Green Sadness" published by Chinese youth newspapers and magazines were a milestone in the history of journalism. In the new century, the report was declining, and it was gradually replaced by non -fiction writing.

In the opinion of Feng Xiang, the editor of the special version of the former Southern Weekend, reporting literature usually uses the perspective of God, with strong subjective consciousness and value judgment, rather than fictional use of factual details. Even if "I" appears in it Observer.

Wei Yi described that there are things that make people feel less real. Writing a character, sometimes he is rushing to golden light. "Non -fiction writing is to remove the golden light behind."

In 2012, the birth of the non -fiction "Jiangcheng" set off a "non -fictional trend" in China. The author He Wei is an American. He was a reporter in New York. In 1996, he went to Fuling, Sichuan for two years as a "American -China Friendship Volunteer".

In 1998, it was less than half a year before He Wei left Fuling. He Wei believed that China would become an important part of his life. He wrote a letter to his writing teacher John Mcfis when he was in Princeton University, who was the pioneer in the field of non -fiction writing in the United States. Mcfis encourages He Wei, "Fuling is the story itself, and you should write a book to write a book."

"Jiangcheng" has become the opening work of He Wei's "China Documentary" series ("Jiangcheng", "Finding China" and "Stone Stone"). It was published in the United States in 2001 and published by Shanghai Translation Publishing House in 2012. At the same time that this book introduces the perspective of re -examining the daily life, it also shows the charm of non -fiction writing in the literary field to the country for the first time.

Lei Lei, the founder of the "True Story Plan", commented that "Jiangcheng" is a founding book in the field of non -fiction writing in China.

In 2017, "Non -Fiction: Recorders of the Times and the Spirit of the narrative" was published. This is the first book in China that specializes in non -fiction writing. The editor -in -chief of the book is Zhou Yan, an associate professor of Communication University of China. His paper published in 2016 " The characteristics of non -fiction writing news practice and narrative characteristics define "non -fiction writing": "Non -fiction writing includes biography, reporting literature, travel notes, prose and other writing styles; and in the narrow sense, the United States refers to the United States in the 1960s in the 1960s New writing styles or genres such as non -fiction novels, new news reports, historical novels, etc.

The general vagueness of the concept shows that the domestic academic community and the industry do not have a clear definition and consensus on "non -fiction".

The book refers to a detail: Wei Yi was invited to the School of News for the first time to give a non -fiction writing class -before the country had publicly talked about non -fiction in China. In the lecture, Wei Yi mentioned that Mcfi mentioned that He Wei said to He Wei. A metaphor: The definition of non -fictional writing may be a problem. This is like asking what you eat in the morning. I said that I didn't eat grapefruit this morning.

gushing

On August 17, 2012, the WeChat public platform was launched.

At the end of 2014, the Special Reporting Department of the China Youth Daily reported that the "Collapse Yin Shadow Eprocus Celebration Project" was completed, which recorded the collapse of the construction site in Tsinghua Affiliated Middle School, and accepted the fate of being revoked. Ye Tieqiao, who has worked in the special reporting department for eight years, has taken over the China Youth News Weibo and WeChat two months ago, and served as the director of the "China Youth Daily" official WeChat operation room.

From the PC Internet to the mobile Internet, technology evolution has greatly enhanced the ability of human processing information. The advantage is that the accurate vertical content spreads new channels; the disadvantage is that on the new Internet platform, the well -known reports he has done are not numbered, and everything has to be reunited.

On July 20, 2014, Shanghai Television exposed Fuxi's food safety issues, which aroused widespread concern in society. The next day, Ye Tieqiao found an unannounced visit reporter through a friend, a interview, and talked about many behind -the -scenes stories. On July 22, Ye Tieqiao's WeChat public account "Hedgehog Commune" was officially launched to launch an article entitled "Two Monthly Dialogue: Dialogue" Shanghai TV reporter who lurked "Fuxi".

At that time, the "Hedgehog Commune" had only a single fans. Unexpectedly, the interview was launched for a few hours, and the reading volume reached more than 6,000. Ye Tieqiao realized that "when major innovation of communication media and communication technology, many links in society will change greatly."

In September 2014, Guo Yujie and several media people jointly founded the "Noon Story". This is the first non -fictional original platform on the Internet. It was formerly known as the "interface · long chapter" under the interface news. A few years later, "I'm Fan Yusu" caused a phenomenal discussion. The start of the article comes from here.

2015 is a non -fictional year in China, and the new media non -fiction platform has sprung up. One possible reason was that Russian writer Aleksevich won the Nobel Prize in Literature at that time. writing. The awarding word mentioned: "Her complexity writing is a memorial of the suffering and courage of our time."

This year, the eyes of the big factory looked at the place.

Tencent News founded the "Guyu Lab", the producer was Yang Ruichun, the editor of the "Death of Weightlifting Champions". The Tencent Charity Foundation and Tencent.com jointly launched the "Valley Rain Program" to fund the support of non -fiction projects. The "Gu Yu Award" launched in 2019 is still one of the most authoritative non -fictional creation awards in China.

Netease News launched the "THE LIVINGS" column, which is committed to creating a non -fiction writing platform, providing an article publishing platform for writing enthusiasts, and believing that "everyone can become a recorder of life."

On October 11, 2015, "Southern Person Weekly", "Valley Rain", "Horizon", "Earth", "Mr. Fashion ESQUIRE", "Single Reading", "Noon", and "Smart GQ" eight media platforms jointly launched the establishment of the "Non -Fiction Alliance "". The oath of "creating ecology, excavation and cultivation of outstanding talents, and popularizing Chinese non -fictional creation criteria for prosperous non -fiction works."

Although most of the authors come from the media at this time, they write and write "all acquaintances", and the reader group has not yet stabilized. However, the league is full of confidence. This flag is standing.

In July 2016, the former Southern Weekend reporter Lei Lei founded the "Real Story Plan". In his opinion, the public account platform entered a mature stage in 2015 and 2016, becoming the main writing position of the mobile Internet terminal. "As long as you have an idea, there will be generous investors to support you with real gold and silver."

On November 29, 2016, Ye Tieqiao resigned from China Youth, and said in the circle of friends that he would operate the "hedgehog commune" in the future. In less than two years, it has grown into the first self -media in the field of media circle observation and research.

烈火烹油、鲜花着锦的表象下，叶铁桥在一篇文章里表达了隐忧：“深度报道的读者，就是随着内容的极大繁荣而流失，因为，'人们必须去主动寻找印刷信息，但Electronic information will take the initiative to come into contact with people '. "

Phenomenon

Cultivating suitable soil and exploration monetization path is the two main lines of domestic non -fiction writing development. The important product derived from this is non -fictional events, non -fictional film and television adaptation, and non -fiction writing courses.

Shortly after leaving, Ye Tieqiao observed that whether it is a scholar in the news college or young students, they have a strong interest in non -fiction. "They will not use the word special, and prefer to use non -fiction."

With the sponsorship of Ant Financial, on April 11, 2017, the EPOCH non -fiction writing contest prepared by Ye Tieqiao was officially launched. EPOCH means "new era, new era", or "a moment in history or life."

Among the available non -fiction events, the EPOCH non -fiction writing competition is the earliest and largest. There are 100,000 first prizes, 50,000 second prizes, and 10,000 third prizes. Ye Tieqiao revealed that almost all sponsorship was used to issue bonuses.

The competition is like boulder splashing into the water, and the waves set off layer by layer: Seven days, a institution completely cottage the competition, and there was almost no change except for the less bonus. "; In one month, nearly 10,000 college students from major universities have signed up for the competition; as of the end of July, 1,238 non -fictional works have invested in the review team.

On September 23, 2017, ten authors of the finalists came to Beijing to participate in the next 24 -hour collection and writing activities, and used the TECHNOLOGY, Entertainment, Design abbreviations, that is, technology, entertainment, design) to display their own ways to display their own. Story of starting story. The 600 seats were filled at the event site, and there were no seats on the stairs, and there were old people with white hair in the audience. This is an impossible event that many literary events.

After the game, the hedgehog commune gathered 38 outstanding award -winning works into e -books and published. The title was "I have a real story, I want to tell you -the selection of the EPOCH Non -Fiction Story Contest." It is worth mentioning that the author of the 37th work "Cross -Gender C: Mr. C: A" man "who puts the soul wrong in the game is Shi Can -the editor -in -chief of the now hedgehog commune. The success of the first competition allowed Ye Tieqiao to see the potential influence of non -fiction writing in the people. In 2018, the hedgehog commune cooperated with Kuaishou to start the second EPOCH non -fiction writing contest with the theme of returning township, focusing on the changes in folk customs and production and life under the influence of the Internet.

A student from Inner Mongolia records the process of connecting his father and the Internet: his family is a nomadic nation, grazing in the grasslands, no signals or electricity. After settlement, with mobile phones and the Internet, my father started to use WeChat and QQ I don't know who Ma Huateng is. Ye Tieqiao never forgot about this story. He said that hundreds of submitted articles made him see the real Chinese rural appearance.

After the EPOCH contest was held to the third session, it was helplessly suspended. Interestingly, to this day, some colleges and universities have listed the EPOCH non -fictional story contest as industry awards. Students' awards can add points to Baoyan. Ye Tieqiao laughed after listening.

What really allows non -fiction writing to "break the circle" is the film and television adaptation of works. Its iconic case is in early 2016, Du Qiang's "Pacific Great" by the media person Du Qiang was bought by LeTV Film for more than one million, becoming the first million -level non -fiction in the history of Chinese non -fictional literature. IP.

In 2016, the "ONE Lab" was established. Li Haipeng, Du Qiang, Lin Shanshan, Wei Ling, Qian Yang, Wang Tianping and other well -known non -fiction writers formed the "Chinese Special Draft Team". They have high requirements for non -fictional works, and the time of writing is several months, and they are equipped with factual inspectors for each manuscript. In any media, this is an unimaginable "luxury" act.

Before the "ONE Lab" was launched, Li Haipeng wrote on Weibo, "I hope we are the most professional, the best grades, the skills of faith, and not forgetting responsibility, flashing in a dark."

On January 5, 2017, the first work of "ONE Lab" was launched, "Flying to Room 13", a story about Yang Yongxin and Linyi Network Ring Center, and the reading volume on Weibo exceeded 2 million.

Just as the teams of all superstars may not be able to win the championship, the "ONE Lab" has been born to dissolution, and the duration time is only half a year. It is proven to be unable to run with film and television IP as the main profit method. Ye Tieqiao commented in an article, "It is a luxury product and a star team. There is no doubt that the salaries and operating costs of personnel are undoubtedly low, and the output is so low. From the perspective of the company's operation, let's not talk about profitability. How to recover the cost? "

In Feng Xiang's opinion, Du Qiang's "Pacific Gattle" was misleaded by LeTV Films for a million price acquisition, making them mistakenly believe that film and television adaptation can "save" non -fictional industries. But even the "Pacific Gatalion" standing in the waves, the adaptation of the movie was endless. According to his understanding, it was exactly the expansion period of LeTV Films during that time. It needs to be propagated. "Spend more than 1 million to buy this manuscript. As soon as the news is released, the mission is completed.

The film and television company left the myth of light fluttering, but the writers were "once difficult for the sea". Guo Yujie mentioned in a lecture that the impact of the film and television industry and Internet entrepreneurship on non -fiction writing is devastating. "Because everyone sees money all at once, and the possibility of huge profits." Or do a thing and turn it in with millions of income. She lamented, "Once you embark on this road, you may not be able to return, because the original road is too poor."

What can I do on this road is a real story plan. In April 2018, the "Chinese Edition Flying Cross -Consultation Conspiracy Fleeing for Seventeen -year Fleeing" produced by the real story plan was bought by the five -star legendary film and television adaptation of the film and television at a price of one million yuan. Non -fictional IP. IPs and other IPs such as "Trial and Error" and "Emperor in the End of the Time" are also preparing or filming. Among them, "Murder Girls in Wedding" was adapted to "Chaoyun Twilight", starring Zhou Dongyu, and has been filmed.

In addition, there are almost no good news.

In the data obtained by Ye Tieqiao, in the first half of this year, the financing behavior of the entire Chinese film and television industry was not more than 100, and the film and television industry had no time to help non -fiction writing. In Lei Lei's words, "After the water in the next reaches dry up, there is no alive upstream."

Feng Xiang is even more pessimistic about this. For example, there are no restrictions in the film and television industry in the United States, but there are very few good movies in the United States from non -fiction. Perhaps the road of film and television adaptation is not the right way.

Feng Xiang participated in another attempt.

In 2018, Feng Xiang was the editor -in -chief of the "Daily Character". He was responsible for launching the first writing class of "Character" magazine. During the month of preparation of the course, he and several colleagues who taught courses had a meeting almost every day to discuss the content of the curriculum and publicize creativity. Colleague Xie Mengyao is in Hong Kong. After interviewing and writing every day, he has to meet.

As a result, a course was priced at 499 yuan and sold nearly more than 1,000 copies. In the non -fiction writing course at the time, it was considered a head. But the income could not be completely drawn -the 5 editor -in -chief and deputy editors have been grinding for nearly a month, and the money made is equivalent to sending a soft article. Zhuang Yongzhi, a professor at the hedgehog commune and Nanjing University, started non -fiction writing lessons, and eventually proved to be a failed attempt. Ye Tieqiao noticed that readers themselves are not interested in non -fiction. From the perspective of submitting homework, the level is also uneven.

Feng Xiang attributed the reasons for the failure of the course to the industry's own characteristics: China's non -fictional writing plate is so large, including other monetization channels within writing courses. It can only be the media's peripheral products, which has always been unable to replace the mainstream advertising monetization model.

"We feel that we are too behind." Wei Yi felt, he remembered John Heri's "Hiroshima", this influential non -fictional work internationally, and even a foreign news institute. It is written and translated into a Chinese version after nearly 70 years.

Ebb

In April 2019, the Guyu Fei Fiction Forum was held at the foot of the Great Wall. The influential non -fiction authors in the industry gathered here to talk about the future of "non -fiction".

At the forum, some people mentioned that non -fiction writing is in danger of being trapped in a routine model, and it is necessary to break through innovation technically. In Du Qiang's view, it is more worrying than writing well than writing well. "Maybe there is a scattered enthusiasm to do this, but the well -written person has not continued.

In the memory of Ye Tieqiao, this is almost the most unclear for non -fiction writers, and there is no such grand occasion since then. At the meeting, he proposed the survival dilemma facing non -fiction writing. From the perspective of commercialization, the production cycle of non -fictional works is long, high cost, and unclear, and difficult to please. Everyone also believes that "non -fictional works are getting more and more luxurious." - During the special period, the cost was borne by the media; during the period of the public account, the cost was borne by the Internet company; who would bear it later?

Outside the forum, Lei Lei and Wei Yi did not agree with "luxury goods". Lei Lei mentioned that any text works must be facing the public. Non -fiction writing is not an elite product, it has a broad world in the people. Non -fictional authors should have a wider mind, hoping that more people will understand a certain problem and share some kind of thinking.

In Wei Yi's impression, foreign community institutions will provide non -profit creative writing courses, and domestic non -fictional full -time authors even "less than professional football players." He believes that non -fictional writing needs to be sank, and it is promoted from middle school as a choice for amateur hobbies or interest classes.

Regardless of the result of the discussion, an unavoidable fact is that non -fictional writing is entering the tide -to -ebb period, and the Internet manufacturers with tens of millions of investments have also begun to see it as hot potato. Tencent's well -pushed high -quality content of the well -known content, the studio and Lichun Studio have been revoked as a whole. Several other studios have different degrees of layoffs. Yang Ruichun, deputy editor -in -chief of Tencent.com, who organized the above -mentioned conference, has also stepped down.

The industry's recognition of operating is relatively good in the "positive connection" of the team founded by Qianzhi GQ, the editor -in -chief of GQ, and the founding group founded. Essence

Guo Yujie believes that after the tide fell, non -fictional writing was created as a content -based content. To get real development, it requires the support of the two industries: one is the media and the other is the publishing industry.

In the first half of this year, Shenzhen's "Jingbao" took the first step in media transformation of non -fiction writing. The team launched the "Yuan Story" column, pushing one non -fictional cultural story every day. Although the content production capacity is limited and the superiority of the article cannot be guaranteed, the results of repeatedly appearing on the hot search list in the Shenzhen City have been sufficient. The powerful dissemination of non -fictional writing is likely to shine under the media blessing.

Hu Hongxia, the editor -in -chief of "Jing Pao", has high expectations for this. He said: "The success of non -fictional transformation depends on our judgment on the development of Shenzhen culture, Shenzhen -Hong Kong culture, and even the cultural development of the bay area. Can make a large cultural newspaper, and there is another non -fiction product. "

In terms of publishing, in early 2019, the real story plan adjusts ideas, recruit professional writers, shifted from UGC to PGC and UGC, focusing on new media and copyright businesses. To this day, the revenue of the real story plan has been the same as the advertisement, and the book operation team of nearly 20 people has also been established. Since last year, the book publishing model has changed from cooperation with publishers to independent planning and independent promotion.

Lei Lei disclosed in an article that the non -fictional story collection "Living is a shouting" for three months of sales of the year of the year sold nearly 30,000 copies of sales and appeared on the best -selling list of literary books in 2021 Essence As the "real story plan" of the publisher, it was also selected as the most grown -up publishing agency of the year after the web. He hopes, "By publishing a work, there can be commercial feedback to build this value chain."

In the non -fictional creation alliance established in 2015, the original team of "Noon Story" was dissolved, and the account was transferred to the interface company; the special report team of "Mr. Fashion Esquire" also stopped from July this year. It's longer, and the dissolved "Horizon" is about to be forgotten by people. Only some stubborn texts are left on the Internet. Perhaps the identification of non -fiction writing, the boom of non -fiction writing in universities has not dissipated. In 2021, Wei Yi participated in the first non -fiction writing workshop for Beijing Normal University to give students lectures. There are not only students from the School of Journalism and Communication, but also many students and financial students. Wu Dongyan, a professor of the organizer and the Professor of Beishi University, asked why he came to hear non -fiction. They answered, "No reason, just like it."

After Wei Yi finished speaking, the student sent him out of the classroom. The more and more crowds, the team gradually grew, and kept throwing problems at him. They walked out of the school's east gate and stood and chatted for a while.

Will the tide still rise again?

(Zheng Sifang, Lu Nan, Qin Lang, Zhu Yongling also contributed to this article)

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Further reading:

Yuan Story ｜ 100 stories we have told

Coordinating: Ma Yanyuan, Li Yan

Drawing: Gouter

Edit: Li Huifang

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