Wangyue Talk ｜ Confucius and Tolstoy's "Nishan Dialogue": War and peace, worry and answer

□ Zhou Xueze

From September 26th to 28th, the 2022 China (Qufu) International Confucius Cultural Festival and the 8th Nishan World Civilization Forum were held in Qufu. During the event, the ambassador to China attended the opening ceremony and participated in related activities. Among them, "Confucius and Tolstoy: Dialogue across time and space" -the thought dialogue between Confucius and Tolstoy would be eye -catching.

The world today has not changed in a century. Since the beginning of this year, the Russian and Ukraine War has been unknown for more than 6 months, which has brought a profound impact on the world's political and economic pattern. Confucius and Tolstoy have in -depth thinking about "war in peace". At this moment, the two cultural masters of cultural masters held a dialogue activity across time and space, which was of practical significance.

Confucius and Tolstoy are the same passers -by. Tolstoy (September 9, 1828 -November 20, 1910) read the English "Four Books". It is a lover of Confucius Thought and enjoys the reputation of "Russia Confucius". With wisdom, there is a fit point. In February 1882, Tolstoy wrote to his friends: "I sit at home with a high fever and get a heavy cold. I read Confucius the next day. It is difficult to imagine how unusual morality is this."

Tolstoy participated in the Crimean war from 1854 to 1855. His most famous masterpiece was "War and Peace". "War and Peace" centered on the Patriotic War in 1812, and the experience of the four noble families as the main line, and wrote the influence of war on people's lives. Natasha, who had had a negative appointment, unexpectedly found the dying Andre in the wounded. She thanked him and carefully guarded him. The old love between each other was so cute, but it was too late, and Andre's wound deteriorated, and soon died in sleep. This was the pain of love left by the war.

Tolstoy deeply reflects on the evil of the human nature in the preface of his work: "Since the opening of the world, people know that killing each other is a bad thing in physical and spiritual. Why do millions of people do this? This is inevitable. People kill each other in accordance with the laws of natural animals. Just like the autumn of bees, the male animals must be killed according to this law. There are no other answers to this terrible question. "

"War and Peace" was created in 1863-1869, but after Tolstoy read Confucius's work, he had a new understanding of war and peace. He said in 1884 "On the Confucius's Works": " The Chinese are the most peaceful nation in the world. "

Confucius (September 28, 551, AD -April 11, 479 BC) Betlsta was born for more than 2,300 years early. Faced with the reality of "Spring and Autumn Permanent Wars", Confucius advocated the idea of ​​"benevolence" and called on the rulers to implement the benevolence. When his claims were difficult to achieve, he sighed by "no way, ride in the sea", but after all over the end In his life, the Confucius people have a positive attitude, and their ideas such as "use of courtesy and expensive" are of great significance to deal with international relations today.

First of all, the "ritual" thought advocated by Confucius is the separation of human beings for animal nature, which brings new ways to thinking about the normal cooperation between human society and avoiding war.

Confucianism believes that people are different from animals, people are more advanced, and lovers are better than love animals. "The Analects of Confucius" records: "Burning, the child retreats, said: hurt people? Don't ask the horse." Ma was very valuable in ancient times, and ordinary servants may not be able to buy one in this life. But Confucius believes that Ma is no longer comparable to people. In the Confucian level framework, people are more advanced than animals.

Mencius inherited the development of Confucius' thoughts, and combined the proposition of "discerning of human poultry" with its humanistic theory thoughts more organically. The preservation not only does not violate human nature, but also the boundary marker of human and poultry. Worrying, make the Qichi as Situ, and teach people to the people: father and son have relatives, monarchs and ministers are righteous, couples are different, long -term and young, friends have faith. "The reason why people are different from animals, not only in the" heart "of people, but they have different people’s" hearts ". The spiritual pursuit of animals, and this spiritual pursuit will be manifested in the proper behavior, that is, rituals, this is the so -called "human beings."

Secondly, "He" is the idea that extends based on benevolence. "He" can not only be used to regulate interpersonal relationships and internal countries, but also solve international disputes.

"He" is where Confucius emphasizes the purpose of "benevolence" and "ritual". In Confucius' thoughts, benevolence, ritual, and peace are a whole. "Ren" promotes "harmony" from the perspective of individual moral cultivation. "He" is both the purpose of "benevolence" and "ritual", but also the result of the combination of "benevolence" and "ritual". "Ren" and "He" are the core ideas of Confucian Confucianism. "Ren" is the core of the value of interpersonal relationships. "Harmony" is the core of social politics and the purpose of national governance.

"He" can be used to handle the relationship between the country. "Shang Shu" contains: "Keming Junde, with pro -nine tribe. The nine tribe is both good and the people are the people. After governance with people and state, it extends to the relationship between the country.

"Xiehe Wanbang" was carried forward by the New China and was used in diplomatic practice. In the 1950s, China proposed the five principles of peaceful coexistence, which had a wide and important impact in the world. In December 1953, Premier Zhou Enlai first proposed the five principles of peaceful coexistence in the Indian government delegation. The five principles of peace coexistence not only opened a new situation of Chinese diplomacy, but also provided Oriental wisdom for peace coexistence of peace in the world. The 21st century of globalization requires the fundamental concept of pursuit of hegemonism, power politics, and force. In the past 70 years, the five principles of "mutual respect for sovereignty and territorial integrity, non -infringement, non -interfering in the internal affairs, equality and mutual benefit, and peaceful coexistence" have not only become the foundation of China's independent and self -reliance and foreign policy, but also by the vast majority of the world in the world. The acceptance of the country has become an important guidelines for regulating international relations. "The Analects of Confucius": "A gentleman is different, and the villain is different." In the five principles of peaceful coexistence, we can see that Confucius "do not want to do what you want, do not do it to others" The valuable thinking is looming. These "harmony" ideas that were originally used to deal with interpersonal relationships have become the basic criteria for dealing with international relations. This is not difficult to understand, because the relationship between the country is in the final analysis, the relationship between people is in the final analysis.

"Harmony and difference", harmonious and not the same, different but not conflicting with each other; harmony with symbiosis and long -term, different from each other, this is the ideal international relationship. Today, Confucius and Tolstoy's dialogue made us feel peaceful and developing as a common wish of human society. Disputes and war are the serious disasters of human society. The Nishan Forum advocates that various civilizations, social systems and development models in the world should communicate with each other and learn from each other, and take advantage of their strengths in peaceful competition, and develop in common in common deposits. This is the only way for human society to pursue a happy life.

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