Zhang Long, Cultural Relics Protection Center of Qufu City: Give play to the unique educational function to realize the rebirth of the Confucian cultural heritage

Qilu.com · Lightning News, September 26, "2022 China (Qufu) International Confucius Culture Festival, the 8th Nishan World Civilization Forum" was held in Qufu, Shandong from September 26th to 28th. The theme of the forum is "The common value of human civilization and human civilization and human beings", with 1 main forum and 9 sub -forums. On the morning of September 26, the Nishan Cultural Relics Forum was held on the first floor of the Qufu Niushan Lecture Hall. 14 experts spoke around the theme of the forum "the protection and utilization of the Confucian cultural heritage".

At the forum, Zhang Long from the Qufu Cultural Relics Protection Center introduced the characteristics of Confucian architectural cultural heritage.

Popularity of time and space

In terms of time, from the perspective of the creation time, the Qufu Confucian Temple began in the Zhou Dynasty. The construction of the Confucius Temple in the capital of the Wei and Jin dynasties was launched. After the Tang Dynasty, it was pushed to the whole country. The academy was originally in the Tang Dynasty, and the Song Dynasty has become a customary all over the country, and replaced the educational role of official learning. In the school, the academy withdrew from the stage of history. From the age of building relics, because civil engineering is afraid of fire and corruption, it is difficult to save it for a long time. Most of the existing temple buildings are in the Ming and Qing relics. The earlier of the age of the Song and Jinyuan period was some of the stone foundations and wood structures such as the Song and Jinyuan period. In the building community, the traces of maintenance and reconstruction of all ages can still be seen; in terms of space, the Confucian architectural cultural heritage of the Confucian architecture of Wenmiao Academy is widely distributed. Historically, except Tibetan provinces are distributed. The provinces of the academy architectural heritage are Tibet and Ningxia. The high popularity of time and space brings a high degree of cognitive and cultural identity of Confucian architectural cultural heritage, and has transformed into a faith symbol and spiritual logo generally recognized in the field of education and culture.

Diversity of architecture types

As a functional building for the purpose of sacrifice and education, the composition, layout, and shape of the Wenmiao Academy building are constrained and regulated by the national etiquette and folk customs, forming a relatively unified architectural regulation. At the same time, the development of architectural culture is another one. The process of continuous evolution and integration must be combined with the local cultural background, environmental conditions, and people's needs at that time. As a result, regional differences in the unified architectural regulatory framework. This difference is reflected in the layout of the building. Simage, structure, style, materials, decoration and other aspects. Taking the Temple of Literature as an example, the layout is mostly north to the south, and there are also sitting in the east (such as the Sichuan Mingshan Temple), the east of the west (such as the Yunnan Jingdong Wen Temple), and the north of the south (such as the Confucius Temple in Taishan). Seven Jin, Wujin, and Sanjin Courtyard are not available. The size of the main building is nine, seven, five, and three rooms. The structure is combined with beam -lifting, wearing a bucket, and a beam. On the roof style, the shapes of heavy eaves, single eaves and tanches, Xieshan, hanging mountains, hard mountains and other shapes, and so on. The existing Confucian architectural cultural heritage provides many types of various types of comparative samples for studying ancient Chinese architectural culture, which is rare in other architectural heritage.

The continuity of value function

Out of respect for Confucius and Confucian culture and the maintenance of the imperial examination education system, Confucian cultural buildings such as the Temple Academy in history have been worshiped and protected by the country and localities. No matter how the dynasty replaced, its dignity and sacredness were not affected. Many temples and academies will go through complex processes such as relocation, maintenance, expansion, etc. After the completion of the construction, although the war, thunder fire and other reasons are occasionally damaged, it will be repaired soon, the building itself will continue Some new temple academies today are still the spiritual temples of people who remember the ancestors and commemorate the sages. It is also an important place for traditional cultural education and extracurricular research. This is the same as its historical function. The most concentrated manifestations. From the perspective of its architectural functions, whether it is officially promoted or private, the practical value of social education, scientific research on architectural cultural heritage such as the Wenmiao Academy, and the historical functions of moral cultivation and cultural communication can be continued and survived. Essence

The purpose of cultural heritage protection is to use and inherit, and use is the best protection. Zhang Long said that it is necessary to penetrate the value connotation of the inheritance, introduce the protection concept of cultural lines, so as to plan overall protection, explore the activation method at multiple levels and multiple angles, and carry out reasonable use of local conditions to make them truly integrate into social and people's livelihood, realize cultural heritage to achieve cultural heritage In order to make hematopoietic births, we can truly play the unique cultural and educational function of Confucian architectural cultural heritage and assume due social responsibilities.

Lightning News reporter Yu Ming reported