The dog's feelings are gone, and the tears are full of tears on their cheeks

Author:Journal of China Science Time:2022.09.25

Text ｜ Miande (Professor of the Institute of Natural History and Biological Diversity of Kansas University in the United States)

The Ming Dynasty poet Yang Shen wrote a small order "Dunhuang Le": "The sound of the horns blows the plum blossoms, Hu Yunyao connected Qin Xia. The white geese west wind and purple, soap carving the sunrise sun, the shepherds of the Han Dynasty. On the horse pipa. Back to the clouds in the dream, I feel tears. "This is the story of Su Wu Mu Shepher and Zhaojun. When I read Gu Chunfang's new work" Dunhuang Ling Dog ", I read the emotional part many times, and I couldn't help "Tears are full of cheeks."

Three years ago, I read Mr. Fan Jinshi's oral autobiography "My Heart is Dunhuang", and the author is Gu Chunfang, which is no stranger to her.

I especially like this book, mainly for triple reasons: first, love dogs; the other is to like Dunhuang and Dunhuang studies; the third is to fit my research and evolution of the origin and evolution of animal behavior and human psychology.

one

First of all, I am a dog, and I have two dogs at home. They are not "pets", but our unspeak family members.

Former US President Truman has a famous saying: "In Washington, if you want to find a friend, raise a dog." In the middle, an old man and his old dog.

Every night, the old man and his old dog will go to an inn. The old dog snuggle his head between the old men's feet and lying on the ground. Until the old man talked with his friends, he led him home.

One night, when the old man got up to leave the inn, the old dog did not get up. The old man called its name "Azaka, Azaka". It was still moved. The old man stabbed it gently with a cane, and it still didn't move. The old man knelt down, held his head with both hands, and found that it was dead.

The old man looked at it blankly, and couldn't believe it was dead. He put his pale face on the head of his old friend. The room was deadly for more than a minute, and the people next to them were deeply moved by the scene.

The old man trembled, his face was like a blank piece of paper ... Why didn't it make people cry when I read here? Yeah, the old man and his old dog depended on each other -people raised dogs, most of them were afraid of loneliness? Because dogs are the most loyal friends in this world.

"Dunhuang Ling Dog" is a story about the "Lele" family of Mogao Grottoes, and has a real prototype, which is particularly credible. Especially after reading "Lele" was taken to the city for a while, and enjoyed the comfort and comfort of the city's life without thinking about the "cave", but in the end During the Mogao Grottoes, I couldn't help thinking of Fan Jinshi in the autobiography that he had experienced a similar heart in the heart.

Secondly, because I read Mr. Xu Chi's report "Under the Qilian Mountains" half a century ago, I was deeply moved and kept yearning for Dunhuang and Mogao Grottoes. After studying abroad in the early 1980s, I read a lot of books from Mr. Hu Shi for a while, which talked about the story of Dunhuang studies and his "Dunhuang paper" in overseas museums, which made me want to visit Dunhuang even more.

More than ten years ago, he finally got his wish. Visiting Mogao Grottoes is an unforgettable experience, and it also makes me even more admirable from the guardians of Fan Jinshi. I sincerely respect their dedication and dedication. This is why I read Gu Chunfang's new work, so the fundamental reason for the moving story of the Mogao Grottoes Guardian Dogle's family is so "entering the show". Where is this fantasy novel?

Finally, the "three sentences do not leave the bank", briefly talk about the origin of dogs, evolutionary biology, and human psychological function.

I have studied Darwin's "The Origin and Sexual choice of Human" for many years, and found that he used a lot to describe the dog's "cleverness" and spirituality, so as to demonstrate the intelligence evolution of human beings from the "vein" from animals.

Darwin collected a large number of examples of the complex psychological energy of dogs, many of which were interesting. The most convincing thing is the imagination and rational thinking about the dog. Darwin pointed out that in all human psychology, imagination and rationality are at its peak. Similarly, in the complex psychological function of animals, imagination and reasoning (that is, rationality) are also regarded as the highest level.

For example, in the Arctic Ocean areas in the pole, people found that a group of dogs in a sled will immediately spread out each other, instead of continuing to keep densely tied in order to make their weight evenly distributed. It will not be crushed, and it seems that the ice in front of the owner has become thinner, which may be dangerous.

In addition, some people noticed that when two dogs crossed a vast and dry plain, they rushed many times to find water to drink when they were thirsty. But those concave land is not a valley, and there is no smell of wetland, so there is no water at all. They do this, like "rationally" knowing water flowing to the low place, and the low -concrete terrain may be a place where there is water.

Retrieved dogs are a hunting dog, which follows the owner to hunt and runs out to take the prey to the variety that picks them back. Therefore, they are particularly smart, obedient, stable, and know the severity of the force when biting their prey.

A hunter injured two wild ducks, and they fell far from the side of the river, and the hunter signaled the recovery dog to pick them up. The dog began to want to take the two ducks back together, but it was not successful. Because the duck was just injured, it first bite one of them and threw it aside; put the other one who was still alive first, and then went back and took the other dead. Prior to this, the habit of recovering the inheritance of the dog did not hurt the prey. The reason why one of them killed first was afraid it would escape. Obviously, this is a decision after "thoughtfulness", showing its inference ability overcomes the inherent habits.

As the saying goes, "dogs are human." The cognitive capabilities they have to communicate with human beings have made them very successful in cooperation with humans. This is also the main factor for their successful domestication.

The evolution of dogs' cognitive ability is obviously related to promoting their success. Thinking helps them to solve the important issue of survival. These types of thinking have been strengthened and the greatest cognitive flexibility has been evolved. Therefore, cooperation with human beings has become more and more "harmonious", which also represents the success of rationality.

two

The extraordinary cleverness of the dog has always been talked about by many owners of dogs. Just as writer Liu Liangcheng wrote in "A Village", "The insight of an old dog will definitely surprise a person traveling all over the world." It is a phenomenon that dogs can understand the meaning of the master's gesture.

However, scientists after Darwin found that we must not look at the ability of dogs. Because of the vision of dogs and humans, and their ability to analyze and understand the information to be conveyed by human gestures, they are more clever than our long -aggeex (such as chimpanzees) in this regard.

The latest research shows that such performances such as dogs are actually very similar to human babies. Scientists have done an experiment, putting two opaque cups that are buckled upside down, and putting food in one of them. Through gestures and sounds, puppies can always rush to the food cups of food quickly and accurately. The success rate of chimpanzees is only half of the puppy.

Scientists have also found that if they are supplemented by the signal or friendly voice, dogs have a faster response than chimpanzees and have stronger cognitive ability, which is almost exactly the same as babies.

For example, there are many same cups in front of them. Scientists ask the baby's mother to put a piece of building blocks in the correct cup and let the mother use their eyes to signal the baby to take this cup. Although the baby had no experience, he resolutely chose his mother's cup of building blocks, because he thought that his mother motioned him to do so, which was definitely good for him -although he did not know why he wanted to take this cup, not another other other hand, not another other Some cups. Scientists have made the same game as puppies, and they also take the cup of building blocks like babies, although the building blocks are not food.

The complexity of animal psychological functions is fully reflected in dogs. The ancestor of the dog was a wolf. In the early days of the evolution of the wolf, we danced with the wolf. About 10,000 years ago, humans had successfully domesticated wolf into dogs. In the rock painting of the cave and in the tombs of ancient Egypt, the evidence of human and dogs was found.

Earlier human social units and the lifestyle of "hunting-collection" have many similarities with the structure of the wolf group. This is the basis for people to live in harmony with dogs.

For more than 10,000 years, the relationship between people and dogs has always been a discharge of the monarchy. The dog's awe and worship of people, the pity of the dog, and even the attachment to the dog make the intimacy between the two. Otherwise, Su Qin returned, his wife did not weave or cook, why did the old yellow dog shook his tail affectionately?

In my opinion, "Dunhuang Ling Dog" is not just a book writing dog, but also a book (especially the guardian of Dunhuang poetry like Fan Jinshi). It is not only "fantasy", but also from the record of life and higher than life; the painting of the Lele family's psychological activities in the book is lifelike, not only from the imagination or use of anthropomorphic methods, but also scientifically. Live. In addition, Gu Chunfang's delicate and beautiful text and talked about it to ensure that this book has become a high -quality readings with elegant and common rewards, young and old and salty. Needless to say, Chen Hanyu's beautiful illustrations also add icing on this good work.

"Dunhuang Ling Dog", Gu Chunfang, Chen Hanyu painted, published in September 2022, translation, pricing: 68 yuan