Zhuangzi "Four Story" discern

Zhuangzi said: "Fable nineteen, seventeen words, rumors of sunrise, and Tian Ni." "Zhuangzi · Heaven and Earth") "Highlighting the hearts of everyone, the tension of Gao Yan, and the end of the words." It can be seen that Zhuangzi has four words: fables, rumors, high words, and words; transformed into modern languages, that is, poetic speaking, narrative, logically, and spiritually. Professor Chen Yan believes that "Zhuangzi's Interpretation" "Turn the" Zhuangzi "'s own way of saying is "logically speaking '" ("and" there is a real person and then true knowledge ":" Zhuangzi's interpretation of the philosophy of the philosophy of the philosophy ") On the basis of Zhuangzi's "poetic saying" and "narrative", the "logical saying" was added. That is to say, Chen Yan advocated Zhuang Zi's words as "three words", that is, "poetic saying", "narrative" and "logically". This view is different from the text of "Zhuangzi" and "Zhuangzi's Interpretation". In summary, the author believes that it is necessary to discriminate Zhuangzi's "four sayings".

Zhuangzi's "Four Speaking"

"Therefore, the voice of the heart; the book, the heart painting also." ("Fa Yan · Ask God"). Words are a reflection of thought, and he can understand his soul from a person's words. Mr. Yang Guorong pointed out: "You can think of Zhuangzi as the subject of the concept of" Zhuangzi ", and regard the book" Zhuangzi "as Zhuangzi's thought carrier." You can read Zhuangzi's thoughts and see Zhuangzi's heart. Based on this, the author believes that in addition to "poetic saying", "narrative", "logically", there are also "soul -speaking". In short, "one saying" should also be added above the "three sayings", which is "Zhuangzi's" Four ".

"Poetic saying" is the language style of narrative, showing the language characteristics. "Narrative Lands" is as far as the writing method of narrative, the characteristics of the text are revealed. "Logical speaking" is the internal reasoning path of narrative, and it is highlighted. "Salmonic" is the essence of the spirit of the narrative, which contains the essence of thought. Among them, "Soul Speaking" is from the heart, the shout in the heart, the deepest, most essential, and most shocking statement. If you explain the "mind" in popular languages, that is, it is not pretentious, seeking truth from facts, and speaking in your heart; or the language of the language should express your heart. In short, "Soul Saying" is the "speaking" of the soul dialogue or Zhuangzi.

As a result, "speaking" is very important. "Poetic saying", "narrative" and "logical saying" are the basis of "soul". It is the goal that they always seek. "Poetic speaking", "narrative" and "logical speaking" must use language and words to be inseparable from language and words; after leaving the language, this "three words" cannot be spoken. "Soul of the mind" can be expressed with both language and words, but also transcending language and words.

"Soul Saying" beyond language

"Words are the voice of the heart", making it possible for "spiritual saying". Whether it is "poetic saying", or "narrative" and "logically", what is expressed is the sound of the soul, and it should be a loyal description of the soul. Conversely, from the subject, regardless of what the subject thinks, words will become empty, and people will be unknown.

"Endless words" make "spiritual saying" necessity. Whether it is "poetic saying", or "narrative" and "logically", it has its limitations and cannot fully express the sound of the soul. In order to make up for their deficiencies and clearly confess their hearts as possible, they must be "soul".

"Witnesses and the Tao" make it inevitable to make "mind -soul". "Soul Say" beyond the limitations of language. There is no need to say anything between the "Win Taoist". With a look and a movement of each other, you can have a soul dialogue and understand each other's minds. "Most of the heart", "heart rhino", and "heart -to -heart seal" are all classic vocabulary describing the "spiritual saying". In short, "Soul Speaking" is a soul dialogue that can surpass language.

The difficulty of "soul"

"Saying" is hard to see. In comparison, "poetic saying", "narrative", and "logically speaking" are just formal, only "spiritual saying" is the most essential. But "poetic saying", "narrative", "logically speaking" is also indispensable. Because "the mind" must be expressed and expressed through the specific form, there is no specific form, and there is no way to say. It is unable to understand the sound of each other's hearts in their hearts. It is precisely because of the "mind" to use other forms of saying, so it is easy to be covered by its form, which makes people see its form, and the essential content that is not expressed in the form- "Soul of the Soul". The difficulty of "soul" is obvious.

"Saying" is unsatisfactory. "Soul of the mind" has broken through the barriers of language form. If you return to the specific form of language again and use it to express the "soul -to -earth", it will inevitably fall into the mud in the form of language and not be able to extricate yourself. "Soul -to -soul" must be used by language and not to be stubborn. When actual words, it is difficult to grasp the scale. "Saying" is difficult to say, and it must be said.

"Saying" is difficult to do. As mentioned above, since "the mind" is "unsatisfactory" and "unpleasant", it is even more "difficult". Language is a tool for people to communicate smoothly. With the language, how can we "speak"? The two sides of the communication must have the most basic consensus. Zhuangzi believes that this consensus is "Tao". So, what is "Tao"? This is not what ordinary people can realize. The above -mentioned series of issues are difficult to connect layer by layer. Therefore, Zhuangzi said helplessly: "Therefore, Gao Yan is more than not only of the hearts of everyone, and it is said that it is not the same." How to "speak"

Forgot to say, "Saying mind." "Therefore, in the fish, the fish forgot to forget the fish; so the hoof is in the rabbit, the rabbit is forgotten; ("Zhuangzi · Foreign objects") Only care for the soul dialogue, unrestrained by words.

The avenue was speechless, "Saying mind." "There is great beauty in the world" ("Zhuangzi · Zhibei Journey") "Lao Tzu said: Avenue does not do nothing, there is nothing, no one, no one, no one is invisible. Those who are not moving, have no words, those who are speechless, that is, quiet and silent. Visible: The invisible person is not seen, it is subtle, it is the god. "(" Wen Zi · sincerity ") Do nothing, nothing but nothing. Daotong is one, speechless and words. Speaking is words, there is words, there is no words, speechless than words. What is embarrassing is that "speechlessness" still needs to be described by "words" after all. This becomes a "paradox".

In addition to describing the mind by language, "doing" is also possible. The examples in reality are: people with hearing and language disorders do not communicate through language but through gestures; train, subway and other transportation, from parking to driving to driving to parking. The staff communicated through special flags and specific gestures. According to research, the sign language was born before the language. Before the language was formed, the ancients mainly conveyed communication on their opinions by gestures; modern people could speculate and discover someone's mood with a smile and one fell swoop. However, in general, these subtle expressions and accidents occur in an instant and are temporary. Only the subject and the object of attention at that time could be clearly known, and they were printed in their minds and in memory. Over time, it may gradually forget. It was unknown that the subjects that were not present at the time, or were not concerned, and the objects that were not concerned. If you want to let the subject, but the subjects who are not concerned about, you must know that the vector that can be stored by language or other (such as pictures, images) must be recorded with the help of language or other (such as pictures, images). Otherwise, at that time, those soul dialogues that did not put on language by language and words could not be known to others. Like "words", "line" also has the limitations of "line". Therefore, "Xing" cannot replace "words".

It is true that "the mind" can surpass the language, but the "soul" does not deny the language. As Yang Guorong said, "In Zhuangzi, surpassing different from the other side", Zhuangzi Hidden, but not avoiding the world, Zhuang Zizhi surpassed is a dialectical transcendence. This can be regarded as Zhuangzi's "dialectics", as well as Zhuangzi's "saying". It can be seen that "Soul Speaking" is not to abandon the way of narrative of language, nor is it only to use behaviors to convey the mood, but to comprehensively use the "four words" to avoid formal binding and interference. Expressing the mood sincerely, no obstacles, no gap, and direct soul dialogue, that is, the appearance of "speaking", truly and objectively describing the mind, deeply feel the mood, reproduce the mind, and feel the same. Therefore, "spiritual saying" is a dialectical surpassing language, and Zhuangzi's "four words" are consistent with the dialectical transcendence spirit.

(This article is the general project of Anhui philosophy and social science planning, the National Social Science Fund Incubation Project "'The Change of the Water Meterings' and the Development of the Song and Ming Story's Mind Theory" (AHSKF2018D68), and the key research project of the 2020 of the Anhui Province Zhuangzi Research Association The stage of the first -level topic "Zhuangzi's ideological value in the post -epidemic era")

(Author unit: Anhui University China Philosophy and Anhui Thinator Research Center, Jiangsu Red Cultural Resources Protection and Utilization Research Center)

Source: China Social Science Network-Journal of Social Sciences of China

Author: Wu Dongmei

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