They engraved youth into the DNA of Mogao Grottoes

Dunhuang is a small town. Driving starts from the city center and leaves the city in 10 minutes. The neat sidewalk on both sides of the road was soon replaced by the scene of "deserted lonely, long river and sunny".

Although it is a peak season, there are not many tourists and fewer cars. On the way out of the city, several passengers with passengers are particularly conspicuous. This is a commute car to the Dunhuang Research Institute.

Bird's view of the sky, sand dunes, Gobi, and three dangerous mountains in the distance are desolate and silent. A narrow winding oasis, ancient grottoes are faintly looming. When we asked the staff, we learned that many trees in the oasis were planted under the old gentleman who worked in Mogao Grottoes.

"From generation to generation, there is the shade of Mogao Grottoes today."

I "repair history" for Mogao Grottoes

Wang Jiao is a native of Dunhuang. He graduated from the graduate student of archeological majors at Sun Yat -sen University in 2014. In 2015, he entered the Institute of Archeology of the Dunhuang Research Institute. He has been engaged in the writing of the archeological report of the Dunhuang Grottoes for 7 years. Simply put, it is to "cultivate history" to Mogao Grottoes.

Wang Jiao still remembers that the college entrance examination reports volunteers. There is no idea. I just saw Dean Fan Jinshi's interview on TV. Archaeological? The two of them are closed.

After graduating to find a job, back to Dunhuang became a natural choice. The influence of Dean Fan, the familiarity of his hometown, and the referral of the mentor. For Wang Jiao, the working atmosphere of the research institute is almost no different from the school. "The environment is simple. Everyone is thinking about learning. is teacher."

Like does not mean easy.

Since the 20th century, the "Dunhuang Xue" has achieved fruitful research results, and various related publications have emerged endlessly, but it has always lacked a scientific archives of authoritative, informative, and systematic systems.

The writing of the Dunhuang Grottoes archeological report aims to fill this gap, meet the needs of scholars and academic institutions at home and abroad, and promote the study of the cultural heritage of the grotto, and promote the permanent preservation, protection, research and promotion of the Dunhuang Grottoes.

Most of the works, the hard work behind it can be imagined. As a member of the work team of the archeological report, Wang Jiao participated in the second volume of the "Complete Works of Dunhuang Grottoes" in the writing of "The Archaeological Report of Cave 256-259 Mogao Grottoes", which has a total of more than 300,000 words, which lasted more than ten years.

According to the "Complete Works of Dunhuang Grottoes", such archeological reports must be made 100 volumes.

"The phenomenon of a relic to go to the cave to observe and verify it repeatedly. For example, it is the same Buddhas for tourists. We need to observe one by one. Each detail may contain important historical information."

Come back from the cave, followed by a large number of cases. The archeological report is a team work that requires multi -department and multi -disciplinary cooperation. Flexible text records, rigorous surveying and drawing, comprehensive photography version, and scientific analysis reports are indispensable.

Wang Jiao's biggest pressure is not the work itself. The old generation Mo Gao gradually retreated from the front line, and the younger generation urgently needed to go up. "The archaeological report will be given to you in the future." Dean Fan's words kept hanging on Wang Jiao's heart.

The writing of the third and fourth volumes of "Complete Works of Dunhuang Grottoes" has begun to prepare. Most of the participants are post -90s and post -95s. Wang Jiao feels that the burden on his shoulders is very heavy. Hold.

Although the pressure is strong, it is full of energy.

On one occasion, Wang Jiao found that in the cave records that there were holes in the upper part of the two walls of the cave 259 of the Mogao Grottoes. In order to understand the role of these holes, Wang Jiao borrowed the key from the defense office to put Mogao Mogao from Mogao There were more than ten caves in the cave with a cricket, and I watched them one by one. After returning to the office, they immediately retracted the relevant literature and boiled it for four nights. The production process of the shape.

"After discussing with Dean Fan, he added to the archeological report." Wang Jiao said, "I am particularly happy, the fatigue is gone."

For Wang Jiao and her colleagues, the details and information that have never been discovered in the cave have never been discovered, and it is the most happier and most fulfilling thing for more researchers.

"Everyone is in the same way, and the teachings of the old predecessors have benefited us. The new young people are brave, thought, and dare to question." Wang Jiao said that the research institute also provided them with a broad platform. Participate in many domestic and foreign grotto inspections, go to colleges and universities to exchange lectures, and life is busy and fulfilling.

On the desk of Wang Jiao, there was the first volume of "The Complete Works of Dunhuang Grottoes" published in 2011 "The Archaeological Report of Cave 266-275 in Mogao Grottoes". The two points were 880 pages of 880 pages. "Publishing the archeological report of the Dunhuang Grottoes is the earnest expectation of the archeological people of the older generation. It has also experienced many attempts and practices of the older generation of Mogao Grottoes. Now it is finally realized. We are not only proud of it, but also to participate in it. ","

"I have always remembered what Dean Fan said, choosing one thing, and a lifetime." Wang Jiao said, "The archeological report is my life."

I "face wall" in Mogao Grottoes

The first time I saw Yang Jinli was in Cave 231, Mogao Grottoes -this was a cave excavated during the Middle Tang Dynasty, which has been more than 1200 years ago. Although the temperature outside the cave has exceeded 30 degrees Celsius, a thick jacket and knee pads need to be worn in the cave.

Yang Jinli sat on a small bench, facing the south wall, facing a transformation. He stared at the murals intently, and didn't move it for a long time. From our perspective, he thought of the "face wall" in the novel "Three Body". However, Yang Jinli's task is not to formulate a strategic plan. As a mural repair worker of the Cultural Relics Protection Technical Service Center of the Dunhuang Research Institute, he considers how to repair the murals of the disease. Dust dust, bonding, back stickers ... A set of processes multiple steps, interlocking, which steps can not be wrong.

Due to the age, murals will cause many diseases, including armor, empty drums, alkali, microbial pollution, etc. If it is not repaired in time, it will damage the danger of disappearing.

"For example, when the armor mural, the pigment layer will fall off naturally after the colors are tilted. If you do not need to intervene in professional and technical means, the murals fall off little by little, and it will no longer exist soon." Passing.

Yang Jinli, born in 1987, came to Mogao Grottoes at the age of 19. In the past few years, Master never let him touch the murals. "Every day, it is mud, cut wheat grass, and mixed, and it has been doing it for two years." Yang Jinli felt boring and couldn't persist, but seeing the murals that others fixed were itchy, "Every day, when is it my turn?"

Two years later, Master called Yang Jinli beside him and decided to take him to repair. "You must treat the murals seriously and treat his child." After more than ten years, Yang Jinli still remembered this sentence.

After getting started independently, Yang Jinli began to realize Master's good intentions. "Doing this line is really grinding, the heart is sinking, and the buttocks must be sitting." Yang Jinli said that the mural restoration of the Mogao Grottoes starts from March every year, until October, a medium -sized grotto, a repair of one repair, a repair The team takes two or three years to complete the repair.

The cave is cold, and the sun cannot come in. Facing a wall, sitting is a day, "Many old colleagues are arthritis." The murals are not easy to preserve. After thousands of years, it is more fragile, and a mistake may cause irreversible damage to the murals. "The spirit must be concentrated, just want two things, the tools in your hand and the murals in front of him." Yang Jinli said.

One wall, one toolbox, two layers of storage racks, dozens of tools on large and small. "Now the conditions are much better. In the past, many tools had to do it by themselves. If you want to use a wooden knife, you have to find wood yourself, and grind your own knife." Yang Jinli said, "The scaffolding is not made of steel. shake."

It is not only the working conditions, "now repair," Yang Jinli said repeatedly, "standing on the shoulders of the predecessors."

In the 1970s, it was the starting point of the Dunhuang Research Institute's autonomous restoration of murals, and it was also the "rescue protection period" of Mogao Grottoes. Many Mogao Grottoes workers overcome the extreme scarce of material materials. In the context of lack of mature technology and theory, they explored in the dark and gradually summarized a set of effective protection and repair processes.

The protection and restoration experience of Mogao Grottoes has filled the gaps in relevant domestic research areas, and has also been used in the protection and restoration of many cave temples. Over the years, Yang Jinli and his colleagues participated in the restoration of a series of temple grottoes such as the Potala Palace in Tibet, Shigatse Temple, Shanxi Yungang Grottoes.

Today, Mogao Grottoes have developed from "rescue protection" to "preventive protection" and established the first national engineering technology center in the field of cultural relics protection in my country.

Predecessors planted trees, and later generations were cool. "If there is no suffering of the predecessors, it is impossible to have today's environment." Yang Jinli sighed.

More and more young people have also joined the team's team. When he was in Gao Cave, he would remind himself, "To do a good job of work, help young people get started as soon as possible, and live up to the hard work of the older generation."

I "portrait" for Mogao Grottoes

Liu Xiaotong came to Mogao Grottoes and became a copy of the copy. In his words, "suitable".

After graduating from Tianjin Academy of Fine Arts in 2014, Liu Xiaotong also tangled his career choice. High school went to Beijing to study fine arts, usually in school, holiday in Songzhuang. "There are many new things in the art circle of big cities, a lot of visual impact, and attractiveness to young people."

There are wider circles, more exhibitions and studios, better job opportunities ... "The advantages of the column can indeed list a lot."

However, Liu Xiao has his own thoughts. "Although the fast -paced impact is strong, it cannot be precipitated and it is easy to impetuous, especially for young people." For a long time, Liu Xiaotong felt that he couldn't be calm and could not do the creation he wanted.

Think about thinking, not to break.

At the end of 2014, Liu Xiaotong had a panel and a bag on his back. He bought a hard seat ticket from Beijing to Dunhuang. He took more than 20 hours and came to Mogao Grottoes.

"Jing" is Liu Xiaotong's first impression of Mogao Grottoes, which is in sharp contrast to the previous "irritability". The time on Gobi beach seems to be slower. Such a rhythm, except for painting, "heartless thoughts".

As an important means for mural preservation and protection, copying is divided into objective copying, sorting copy, and restoration. Even today, with the continuous update of digital technology, copying still has its irreplaceability.

"Each cave, every mural is different, as large as the style composition, small as small as the blooming line, which is not the same." Liu Xiaotong said that digital technology can only be used as auxiliary means, especially for some damaged murals, especially for some damaged murals, especially for some damaged murals. If you want to recover, you can only rely on the long -term experience accumulation of the copy of the master. Liu Xiaotong always remembered the words of the old dean Duan Wenjie, "There is no ten years, and the world of Mogao Grottoes cannot be entered."

This sentence did not scare him, but instead he appeared in his appetite. After successfully admitted to the Institute, the studio became a home, a folding bed, and a refrigerator, but she worrieds, and pierced into the world of Mogao Grottoes.

"After eating in the afternoon, I started drawing. It is a common thing to paint until three or four in the morning. It is common for a week to not go home." The state that was unbelievable before is now realized in Mogao Grottoes.

In addition to being practical and satisfying, Mogao Grottoes also brought Liu Xiaotong confident.

In 2017, he went to Italy to participate in the exhibition. He met an old classmate who hadn't seen him for a long time. He talked a lot. Friends said that he was full of Mogao Grottoes. He wanted to ask him the problem, and he could always turn back to Mogao Grottoes. Liu Xiaotong suddenly discovered that "he is no longer the student in the school who only cares about his heart."

"Mogao Grottoes make me mature and confident." Liu Xiaotong said, "This self -confidence makes my heart strong and firm."

The mottled colors, intertwined lines, deep strokes, and heavy history are talked about. The ears are sturdy, and they get along with each other.

In Mogao Grottoes, Liu Xiaotong also met love.

Liu Xiaotong's lover is also a copy of the master. The two share a studio, draw together every day, and go to the cave together. "We have the same artistic view, like the same lifestyle, and even listening to music is a type." Liu Xiaotong said.

It is both a lover and a colleague who helped each other. "Every day, there are murals, there is no obvious boundary for work and life."

Entering the world of the ancients, trying to figure out the intentions of the ancients, and the true and complete recovery of the original mural appearance is a generation of art workers from a generation of Mogao Grottoes pursuing goals. Now Liu Xiaoming and his colleagues are committed to completing the restoration of the whole cave in Cave 172 in Mogao Grottoes. This work starts from 2017 and is expected to end in 2023.

After the interview, we and Liu Xiaodong walked in front of Mogao Grottoes. The nine -story bell was quiet, and Liu Xiaotong pointed at a poplar forest. "It is said that this was planted by Mr. Chang Shuhong."

As the founder of the former "National Dunhuang Art Research Institute" of the Dunhuang Research Institute, Mr. Chang Shuhong guarded Dunhuang for more than 50 years. There are more than 20 other predecessors who have dedicated their lives for Mogao Grottoes.

A generation of generations came here, stayed here, and finally could not leave here.

Reporter Du Zheyu Chen Bin Liu Jinhai (from "Xinhua Daily Telecom" on June 17, 2022)

Editor in charge: Wei Hailing

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