Shatou bamboo mat: the traditional crafts on the verge of loss

Whenever a hot summer day, various summer supplies have taken turns. I still remember that when I was young, I went to the market with my mother. However, the boss's phrase "Sand Top Bamboo Still" asked the mother to nod, saying "this is good".

The Shatou Village in Shidan Town is a well -known bamboo seat village. Most of the bamboo mats used by Zengcheng people are from this. The Shatou Bamboo mat has been in history for more than 100 years. The production of bamboo mats has become the main source of income for the villagers of Shatou. The products are not only reputable to increase the city, but also exported to the Southeast Asia and the Pearl River Delta.

However, with the development of mechanization, due to factors such as complex production process, high production costs, and low economic benefits, the traditional folk crafts that contain a strong cultural atmosphere are gradually being forgotten by the society, and they have fallen into a state of losing loss. Essence

Inheritor Yao Weiguang

Centennial non -heritage crafts: More than 300 people in the village during the heyday produced bamboo mats

Shatou Village is adjacent to Zengjiang. When the embankment was not built in the past, the water suffered for a while, and the crop harvesting was very poor. Until the era of Cixi, Zhong Wanchang, a villager in Ziyang Village (Natural Village under the Shatou Administrative Village), learned the craftsmanship of bamboo mats from other places. When he returned to his hometown, Zhong Wanchang closed the door to do it by himself, for fear that others would learn his skills. However, after all, a person's energy is limited. In the face of huge orders for orders, he eventually invited a helper. As a result, the craftsmanship quickly passed out, and almost every household in Shatou Village started a bamboo mat.

Because there are no special literature records, the craftsmanship produced by the Shatou bamboo mat is passed down from generation to generation in the way of teachers, apprentices, father and son. Among them, the generations of the Yao family are the most typical. It is understood that Yao's ancestors Yao Jinwei (late Qing Dynasty) aimed at making smooth, neat, exquisite, and comfortable bamboo mats throughout their lives. generation).

Inheritor Yao Weiguang

According to Yao Weiguang, in the 1980s, more than 64 households in Shatou Village made bamboo mats. “那时，订单爆满，忙都忙不过来，村里到处都是制作竹席的声音，大家都在为更好地生活努力。”姚伟光说，竹席制作手艺的传入，为沙头人提供The opportunity to help make up for the living. Starting from the late Qing Dynasty, the Shatou bamboo mats mainly provided exports, which were sold to tropical regions in Southeast Asia. At the same time, they were also sold to surrounding areas, which became an important source of local economic sources.

Produced by handicrafts: Qiaozhuzhu realizes small bamboo slices to transform into the bamboo seats gorgeous

Ask the summer to sleep in summer, what seats are the most comfortable? Of course, it is a bamboo mat. In the era of no air conditioning, hand -made bamboo mats have high heatstroke prevention and breathability, which is favored by the people. Bamboo mats are not afraid of sticky and wet sweat, but also reveal the general coolness, and the straw mats and rattan mats cannot be compared. Bamboo mats are not only comfortable to use, but the longer you use, the smoother. If you maintain well, you can use it for decades.

So, how is such a good and cost -effective bamboo mat?据姚伟光介绍，竹席的制作从选料、裁料到最后成席，其工序包括除节、抛光、破片、晒干、弹线、编排、打孔、穿线、推平、刨光、收线A total of 11 large operations, with more than 30 large and small procedures. "The material selection is also particular. Generally, the older bamboo is used, the endothelium is red, the outer skin is white, and the cut surface is flat." Yao Weiguang said that because the Shatou Village is adjacent to Nankunshan, it is a bamboo forest production place. "When the traffic was not so convenient before, people made bamboo into bamboo rows and transported bamboo back through water. Later, land traffic was convenient, and some businessmen transported bamboo back to sale through land traffic."

Bamboo mat

After returning the Maoma to home, you must first see the bamboo as a section according to the specifications of the bed, remove the section, clean the skin and break, and dry it under the sun for 3-7 days. Next is the editing line and perforation, which compiles 50 thin lines into 2-3 mm thickness; perforation on the bamboo strip, generally one meter wide seat to play 10 sets of holes, a group of two eyes. Followed by the most tested and patience, arranging bamboo strips together with a weaving line in the shape of "U", which requires a lot of wrist and fingers. The gap makes the surface smooth and there is no thread head, and the connection is strictly sewn. Finally, polish, first repeat the front and bottom of the bamboo mat with the woodworking planer, so that the entire bamboo mat is smooth; then repeatedly wipe it with sandpaper until you touch the bamboo mat with your hands.

"It takes at least 4 days to make a bamboo mat. It takes time to handle more time. Although the blessing of the machine, the punching, and the thread of the thread are needed, it still requires the intervention of manpower." It is time to use, but such bamboo mats are also more durable, and the service life can reach 40-50 years.

Integrated in district -level non -heritage: Bamboo mat art has unique research value

The Shatou Bamboo mats have extremely strong local characteristics, which clearly shows the traditional craftsmanship of the late Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China, with high aesthetic and research value. In March 2015, the Shatou bamboo seats were selected as the second batch of intangible cultural heritage lists in Zengcheng District.

The Shatou bamboo mat is based on hair bamboo, and the beauty of the texture presented is far from being easily replaced by machines in the era of large industry. I saw that under the careful compilation of the craftsman, the bamboo festivals were distributed in the ground, and the art of life was the art of life, condensing the beauty of nature between each texture, and interpreting the bamboo wind and elegant rhyme.

In addition, during the more than 100 years of development, the Shatou bamboo mat not only represents a cultural tradition of generations, but also reflects the formation of this cultural tradition. One of the cultural phenomena of Zengcheng has unique research value. First, it has cultural value. The Shatou bamboo mat is one of the masterpieces of Zengcheng culture. It highlights the tolerance and diversity of Zengcheng's folk traditional skills, and highlights the cultural connotation of Zengcheng's folk traditional skills. The second is social value. As a necessity for people's living, the Shatou Bamboo mats carrying the simple folk customs of Zengcheng people are a "platform" to show Zengcheng culture. Third, it has economic value. The practicality of the sand tablet is an important means of earning a living by local villagers.

The non -heritage craftsmanship is declining: the production skills of the difficult bamboo mats are on the verge of loss

A few days ago, the reporter came to Yao Weiguang's house and learned about the development status of the Shatou bamboo mat. "Zengcheng has no one hand -made bamboo mats now, and I have gradually let go of this craft in the past two years. I will leave in the future, and this craft may be absolutely absolutely absolute." When saying this, Yao Weiguang has no sadness on his face. Only the peaceful calm.

The appliances for making bamboo mats have been rusted all over the years

In order to show the process of making bamboo mats in an all -round way, Yao Weiguang moved out a set of equipment for making bamboo mats from the miscellaneous room in his home, including saws, grinding knives, punching deities, sandpaper, bamboo, line, and knife. I saw the rust of these years throughout these utensils, condensing the unique ingenuity of generations of artists. "These tools have followed me for decades, and some of my father passed down." Yao Weiguang stroked those appliances and said with emotion.

It is understood that Yao Weiguang has been with his father since he was a child. Under the guidance of his father, he learned to open bamboo mats such as bamboo mats, punching, perforation, polishing and polishing. In the 1980s, after the reform and opening up, Yao Weiguang and his lover made bamboo mats at home. "At that time, a bamboo mat can make more than 70 yuan of profits, and make 6-7 bamboo mats a month. Although the days are not rich, it is okay to support the family." Yao Weiguang said.

However, with the development of the economy and society, fans and air conditioners have gradually entered people's lives, and the bamboo mats have begun to fade out of people's vision. Especially since the new century, people's demand for bamboo mats has dropped sharply. Shatou Village has fewer and fewer families in bamboo mats. Most people have given up this craft and find new business opportunities. And young people are unwilling to inherit this kind of energy that consumes both energy and low gains. The inheritance of the sand table in the sand head has reached a difficult step and is facing a crisis of loss.

At present, there are only a few village elderly people who have mastered this craft, and only Yao Weiguang is still insisting on making bamboo mats. "In the past two years, no one came to customize the bamboo mat, and I planned not to do it." Yao Weiguang said helplessly that if the age of this year is getting older, he also feels more and more difficult.

Yao Weiguang has no hope for his apprentice to inherit his own craftsmanship. "No one learned more than ten years ago, and now there is no. Even my children are half -knowledge, I don't want to force them to learn." Yao Weiguang sighed, if there is a chance in the future, there are young people willing to discuss one or two, He was willing to grant him his life.

Source: Journal/Photo, a reporter from the Rong Media Center, Zengcheng District, Guangzhou

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