The direction of the exchanges of the eighth quarter

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This work is a submission of the historic museum column, which only represents the author's personal point of view; this work is not rigorous historical academic research, for reference only; without authorization, the second pass is prohibited, and the offenders must be investigated.

Author of this article: Jinfan Ranger

In the second year of Jianxing (314 AD), the illness of the illness explained the last words to everyone.

"I have not showed any virtues to others in my life. Now I am seriously ill, and I will probably end my life. After my death, the generals of civil and military should all be loyal, soothe the people, report to the country, and go down to the family."

The tension of Qi Ruosheng was resting for a while, and continued: "After I died, I was placed with ordinary coffins, and the funeral was brief. Everyone must assist my child Anxun (Zhang Ye's words) and obey the will of the court." After speaking, Zhang Dai died.

As early as when Zhang Di was seriously ill, Liangzhou officials played the court urgently, asking Zhang Ye to act as Zhang Rail. After receiving the permission of the court, Zhang Ye represented the state as a deputy history and exercised all the powers of Zhang Rail. Liangzhou's government affairs have now turned to Zhang Ye and Zhang Mao's hands.

The resume of the Zhang Yan brothers is also very unusual: they have lived in Luoyang with their father since childhood, which is deeply influenced and influenced by the Central Plains culture. After being out of the official, Zhang Yan was the same as many children of the family at the time. He first served as Shang Shulang, and was appointed by the court as a general of Xiaoqi. According to the speed of promotion, Zhang Ye quickly became a star in politics. His brother Zhang Mao did not hesitate to give up. At this time, he already had an eager to learn in politics. It looks light.

But the eight king's chaos began to change all of this. As more and more taxi people fled to avoid the war, the brothers Zhang Ye could not be out of their way.

In order to survive in the troubled times, Zhang Ye resigned from the position of General Xiao Qi, and asked to follow his father to work in Liangzhou to get the approval of the court. After coming to Liangzhou, he set up his military achievements in the process of calming Cao Shunzhi's chaos, showing his excellent military and political talents.

After starting the government affairs of Liangzhou, Zhang Ye relied on the team left by Zhang Rail, and soon got started with Liangzhou's large and small affairs. In order to beware of someone taking the opportunity and launching a rebellion, Zhang Ye concealed his father's condition and strengthened the defense of the gates of Gusong City. Until Zhang Di died, Liangzhou was calm and quiet, and the power transfer was smoothly completed.

Later, Emperor Jin Emperor Sima officially registered Zhang Ye as the governor of Liangzhou and the history of Liangzhou, and named Zhang Ye's status as a legitimate heir to Zhang Rail.

From this moment, the Liangzhou regime has shifted from the government's politics to family politics. The positions of the places appointed by the court have become the generals of the father and death.

Although Zhang Rou left the will of "Hong Tan's Loyalty Regulations", he said that the situation he was facing was completely different from the Zhang Rail period.

At this time, Liu Yan's army had been in the middle of the army and forced Chang'an, and at the critical juncture of life and death, the Changan court was still fighting internally. This is equivalent to the last breath of death. As a result, he had to drink poison, and his face was written with the word "no savings".

If the brothers Zhang Yan pour out Liangzhou to save Sima's Sima in Chang'an, it is basically equivalent to sprinkling money in the water, and there will be no sounds. Once Liangzhou is in the civil strife again, I am afraid that Zhang Di Xin has worked hard to run Liangzhou. It will not be controlled by the Zhang family.

Zhang Ye must make a choice: Is it the will in accordance with Zhang Rail's "Hong Tan's Loyalty Regulations" and continue to sacrifice himself in the fire pit of the Western Jin Dynasty? Or is it safe to keep the family's base industry as a key policy?

The answer is obvious.

In fact, as early as when Zhang Di was seriously ill, Zhang Mao's brother Zhang Mao had already moved his mind. Sima Bao recruited him twice as his subordinates, and he refused. Sima Ye appointed him as a servant and went to Qinzhou as an official. He resigned on the grounds that his father was seriously ill.

Zhang Mao closed his door, with the words "Do not disturb" on it, but Zhang Ye couldn't do this: After all, he was the heir of Zhang Rail in the nominal, and his father's remains were still in the ear. A big turn like a younger brother. However, in view of the fact that the Western Jin Dynasty had died, Sima Rui, who continued Jinzheng, was far away in Jiangdong, and Liu Yan in Guanzhong looked at it to prepare for the west. Regardless of the consideration of preserving Liangzhou or the consideration of protecting the interests of the family, Zhang Ye must also take precautions.

Based on the above considerations, Zhang Ye made some corresponding adjustments.

Internally, Zhang Ye followed the old minister left by Zhang Rail and ensured that the original treatment of the local heroes remain unchanged and quickly won their support. A few years later, in order to ensure the safety and stability of the Liangzhou area, Zhang Rou considers that the rebellion in Liangzhou mostly came from Jinsheng County and Xiping County. Tightly reliable, once the change occurs, Gusangcheng, who has no buffer area, will face the threat. Therefore, Zhang Ye divided the Zhiyang and Lingju two counties from Jincheng County. In addition, the newly established Yongdeng County merged the three counties into Guangwu County, allowing Wuwei, Jincheng and Xiping to have a buffer area. The governance office of Jinsheng County moved from Yuzhong to Jincheng, allowing Jinsheng County to be in the same city, facilitating the implementation of the decree, and strengthening the defense of the Yellow River coast.

[1] Guangwu County

On the outside world, although Zhang Ye was not very interested in the goal of "diligent in the king" and "to turn the tide", Zhang Ye still made his superficial effort and did not leave a handle.

Soon after, Zhao Yan, the local official of Lanchi, sent a report saying that a soldier found a jade seal in the water of Qingxuan. The subordinates congratulated Zhang Ye: "Adult, this is a good sign!"

Zhang Ye quickly changed his face: "Don't be nonsense! This is not something that people should stay. I often feel to be generous for Yuan Shao to printed the elbow. How can you say this? Then! "He immediately sent someone to send Yuxi to Chang'an to show that he still followed the monarch's duty.

However, Zhang Ye did not hang on the crooked neck tree in the Western Jin Dynasty. He did two intriguing things.

The first thing the first thing happened was the year when Zhang Ye sent to Yuxi.

"The people in Liangzhou gave our Zhang family face. Since I took office, droughts and famine occurred in Liangzhou. The people saw that my father's virtue did not vent his dissatisfaction, but this was not correct. I am very longing for the voice of criticism, which can help me check the omissions. Now my subordinates and the people in Liangzhou can criticize me. I will give a reward for good people who have criticized them. Will not be held accountable! "

Does this story sound familiar? That's right, this is the replica of the famous "Zou Ji satirizing Qi Wang Na", and it is also the reproduction of Emperor Hanwu's "sin". It can be seen that Zhang Yenan is just a superficial article. His real purpose is to review himself to allow himself to control Liangzhou with the "king" method.

[2] Zou Ji satirizes Qi Wangnan

[3] Sin yourself

On the book, Zhang Ye took a sip of "lonely" to claim to be self -proclaimed. It clearly regarded himself as a lord of a state country, especially the reward given, and Zhang Ye was distributed in the name of "basket".

The so -called "basket" is not as simple as a bamboo basket, but refers to the reward of the emperor to the ministers. During the feudal period, the courtiers were deemed to be the supreme glory by getting the "basket" reward. Du Fu wrote the verses of "the sage basket and the world live, and the state of the country live" to express the reward of the emperors to the courtiers, hoping that they can determine the state to save the country.

[4] "The Book of Songs · Xiaoya" -The real currency basket 篚

There is no doubt that Zhang Ye has been herself as the Liangzhou national master. This sin is more about a political show and raising his status.

In order to make the show, a thief named Xi Jin's subordinate Cao Zuo took the initiative to cooperate with Zhang Ye and made a few comments to him.

On the surface, I mentioned opinions. As soon as Ji Jin came up, he put a high hat for Zhang Ye, and opened his mouth to call him the "Holy King".

"The Holy King will give a big event, and will respect the method of the Sanxun.

You have to do big things, and naturally you need to remind others to criticize you so that you can better assist you to check the lack of missing. This is the "sin" that sets the "sin", and Zhang Ye's approach is definitely.

Looking at Zhang Yan's eyes looking at himself, Ji Jin continued: "Holy King, you do everything you do, and you do n’t discuss with others. I dare not point out. I think you should discuss more with your subordinates and adopt different opinions. If you have always been arbitrarily arbitrarily, then others are afraid of your Viagra, and you can only on the surface. No one dares to make opinions on you. "

It must be said that several opinions made by Ji Jin are quite reasonable, but what Zhang Ye wants is not his opinions, but the name benefits brought by this political show.

First of all, adding the title of "Holy King" to Zhang Ye means that Zhang Ye has chosen the political line of Wang Jianbang;

Secondly, the power of Liangzhou was completely concentrated in the hands of the Zhang family, and the officials of Liangzhou were only Zhang Ye's life. These opinions are named to Zhang Ye in name, in fact, it is to show the courts of the court and Liangzhou: Liangzhou is now the Zhang family, and the court should admit it quickly. Hurry up to obey, what you want is that you are afraid of my majesty, obey me, and wait for you to acknowledge my political status, and I will be symbolic to let some power below, everyone is happy.

This is a very beautiful political show. Zhang Ye gave himself a wave of "Holy King" in the name of "Na Yun", so as not to make his intentions too explicit, so as not to recruit hatred.

The second thing happened on the eve of Chang'an.

Knowing that Changan was in danger, Zhang Yan's uncle Zhang Su asked to personally take the striker to rescue Changan, but Zhang Ye rejected Zhang Su for his uncle's age and insufficient strength. Meaning, do it.

At this time, Changan had fallen into it. Sima Yue saw that only the surrender of Liu Yan could go. He sent a messenger to Zhang Ye. On the one hand, he awarded the behavior of Zhang Yinqin and a reward of him. On the other hand, he urged him to continue sending troops as soon as possible as soon as possible Come to rescue and want to seize the last life -saving straw.

But when the messenger arrived at Gu Zang, Sima Yan, who was in an underage, had surrendered Liu Yan. Zhang Ye used the opportunity to be humiliated in exile and rejected the request of the worship messenger to raise his status.

Regarding the request of Sima's troops, Zhang Ye seemed very "positive". He delayed three days before ordered the five members of the Taifu Sima Hanyu to bring 10,000 soldiers and the Longxi soldiers of Sima Bao to go to the country to go to the country. Essence Before leaving, Zhang Ye specially issued an order: The five generals of this diligent king division must be "united", and if Zhang Ye had other orders, the generals must follow and not be on their own.

In this case, a fool can also see Zhang Ye's true plan: this so -called "duty king division" is just a show to the world.

In order to make the show, Zhang Ye returned a letter to Sima Bao, who was suffering from bitter water and said that he was far away. When he rushed to Longxi, Changan fell. At the end, Zhang Ye generously said: "I am really distressed and die, so I sent Han Yan and others to lead the army to obey your orders."

Shortly after Xin just sent it, Han Yan met the road stopped in Nan'an. Han Yan led the army and the dumplings for more than a hundred days, and the soldiers fought to the end of the food.

Han Yan killed the cattle in the army and asked the sergeants, "Do you miss your parents? Do you miss your wife and children? Do you want to survive?"

"think!"

"Okay!" Han Yan shouted: "Then listen to my order, kill the thief!" Han Yan fought blood, just happened to be in time in Liangzhou, and then he repelled the people.

Naturally, this army led by Han Yan need not be seen by Sima Bao's face. As for why the people were so coincidentally stopped when Han Yan set off, why did the reinforcements come for more than a hundred days?

The incident of sin and procrastination of the king of Qin fully proved that Zhang Ye had begun to implement the strategy of "self -protection" at this time, which was very negative about the goal of "Qin Wang", which disappointed Changan's people and people. The "Liangzhou Malaysia, the world runs across the world", which was sung by Luoyang City before, turned into Chang'an City. "Qinchuan has no wrists in Qinchuan, but only Liangzhou is leaning from the pillar." The attitude of Liangzhou has made many people not adapt to it for a while.

But anyway, Zhang Ye used the smallest investment to get the largest political capital. Until Liu Yan was captured to Chang'an, in Sima's eyes, Zhang's father and son were still loyal loyal ministers.

For Nanyang Wang Sima Bao, Zhang Ye was even more secure, but when the interests of the two conflicted, the gap between the two sides began to show.

In the first year of Taixing (318 AD), that is, the year when Sima Rui changed Yuan to the Emperor, Sima Bao, who was in the Shang Dynasty, was attacked by rebels Jiao Song and Chen An, and sent messengers to ask Zhang Ye for help. Zhang Ye quickly sent the Taishou Dou Tao and others to bring 20,000 reinforcements to support.

But when the reinforcements arrived in Xinyang, the news of Sima's death in Pingyang spread all over the world. Sima Bao, who was in Shangzhang, was about to move, ready to take over the throne of Sima Yue, and built the claim.

Zhang Ye, the captain of the broken school, persuaded Zhang Ye: "Nanyang Wang can not be a candidate for the saving difficulties. He believes that the King Sima Rui is the best candidate for the throne. It is good for you. "

In fact, Zhang Ye didn't care about who was the emperor, but if Sima Bao was the emperor in Shangye, his remote control of Zhang Ye was obviously more convenient than Sima Rui, who was in Jiankang. Rather than let Sima Bao be the emperor, it is better to recommend Sima Rui. At that time, the emperor is far away, and no one can direct Zhang Ye.

As a result, Zhang Ye sent the goalkeeper Cai Zhong as the messenger to go to Jiankang Xian table to persuade Sima Rui to be emperor. However, Zhang Ye also left a post -path for himself: Sima Rui changed Yuan to "Daxing" after the emperor, but Zhang Ye has always used Sima Yi's "Jianxing" year.

Zhang Ye showed his political stance in this way: I was always the survivor of the Western Jin Dynasty, so now, I have no obligation to "Qin King" for the Eastern Jin Dynasty established by Sima Rui.

[5] March 318 AD

Despite this, not to hold Sima Bao the emperor, it does not mean that he should turn his face immediately with him. Sima Bao, who is in the next place, is an excellent barrier that can block the enemy outside Liangzhou and create a relatively stable development environment for Liangzhou. Therefore, after Sima Bao was expelled from the top, Zhang Ye immediately sent Han Yan to expel Chen An and welcome Sima Bao to return to Shangye. Sima Bao was expelled again, and Zhang Ye helped him return again.

But when Liu Yan's army attacked Longyou, Sima Bao could no longer resist. So he decided to go to Liangzhou to settle down, but was rejected by Zhang Ye.

Zhang Ye's reason is that Sima Bao is quite reputation in the clan. Once he arrives in Hexi, it will inevitably lead to turbulence in the Central Plains and lose confidence in the Jin Dynasty. The real reason is that Zhang Ye does not want Sima Bao to enter Liangzhou to replace his family's status, so that his hard -working political status will be challenged.

To prevent Sima Bao from entering Liangzhou, Zhang Ye secretly sent a army, nominally to defend Sima Bao. In fact, he was to stop him from Liangzhou. Sima Bao, who was invincible, was killed by his ministry shortly after, and his rest fled to Liangzhou to Zhang Ye. At this point, in addition to the need for the "remote" Eastern Jin Dynasty to maintain a relationship, Zhang Ye really became an independent regime.

Compared to his father Zhang Rail, Zhang Ye's loyalty really has to discount. But to say, this is also an inevitable trend of historical development. At this time, the Western Jin Dynasty was full of wind and rain, and demise was only a matter of time. For Zhang Ye, the choice that he can make on the premise of keeping politics is nothing more than the following four items: one is to fully rescue Changan in Liangzhou and act as a hero who turns the tide; the other is Sima Rui, who is far away in Jiangdong The courtesy and obey his orders; the third is to surrender Han Zhao and be the official of the Han Zhao; the fourth is to leave the court and separate Liangzhou to achieve independent development.

The first choice is obviously impossible. Although Liangzhou is still available, a Liangzhou alone cannot compete with the Han Zhao regime who controls the Central Plains. Once Liangzhou's power is thrown into the bottomless hole of the Western Jin Dynasty, not only the people in Liangzhou are deep, Zhang Ye I am afraid that my control of Liangzhou will also be transformed into a bubble.

The second choice is not realistic. Gu Zanghe Jiankang Mountain is far away, and there is still the barrier of the Hanzhao regime in the middle. Even if Zhang Ye was loyal to Sima Rui and obeyed, Liangzhou's materials and troops could not be sent to the Eastern Jin Dynasty, not to mention Sima Rui was also unable to interested in Liangzhou and had no interest.

The third option is even more impossible. If Zhang Yan voted for the Han Zhao, it is estimated that his father Zhang Rou could bite the coffin board. Even if Zhang Ye wanted to do surrender, the local heroes, people and people of Liangzhou would not agree.

Then, the establishment of the Liangzhou regime, independent development, and resisting Han Zhao's offense, making Liangzhou a place to stay away from war, becoming Zhang Ye's most realistic choice. And this also conforms to the interests of the people of Liangzhou and the interests of the Zhang family. From this perspective, Zhang Ye is not wrong.

The story of Liangzhou came to an end. At this time, our eyes will be transferred to the Hanzhao regime, and the Hanzhao regime is about to start a turmoil.

Reference materials:

[1] Fang Xuanling (Tang) et al. "Jin Shu"

[2] Sima Guang (Song) · "Zi Zhi Tong Jian"

[3] Wang Zhongzheng · "The History of Wei, Jin, Northern and Southern Dynasties"

[4] Zhao Xiangqun · "History of Five Liang"

[5] Mu Fatong, no Jiang, Wei Junjie, "The History of the Chinese Administrative Region -the Sixteen Kingdoms Northern Dynasties Volume"

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